# info_data_source

key: castles
short: Castles and Mair (1984)
full:
Castles, Francis G. and Peter Mair. 1984. “Left-right political scales: Some ‘expert’ judgements.” European Journal of Political Research 12(1):73–88.


key: huber
short: Huber and Inglehart (1995)
full:
Huber, John, and Roland Inglehart. 1995. “Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies.” Party Politics 1(1):73–111.


key: ches
short: Chapel Hill expert survey series
url: https://www.chesdata.eu/
full:
Chapel Hill expert survey series (CHES):
Hooghe, Liesbet et al. 2010. “Reliability and validity of the 2002 and 2006 Chapel Hill expert surveys on party positioning.” European Journal of Political Research 49(5):687–703.
Steenbergen, Marco, and Gary Marks. 2007. “Evaluating expert judgments.” European Journal of Political Research 46(3):347–366.
Ryan Bakker, Catherine de Vries, Erica Edwards, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2012. "Measuring Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey Trend File, 1999-2010.” Party Politics (forthcoming).


key: doering
short: Döring (2007)
url: http://eup.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/207
full:
Döring, Holger. 2007. ‘The Composition of the College of Commissioners’. European Union Politics 8(2):207–228.


key: cmp
short: Budge ea. (2001) and Klingemann ea. (2006)
full:
Budge, Ian, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, and Eric Tanenbaum. 2001. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.;

Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, Ian Budge, and Michael McDonald. 2006. Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Eastern Europe, European Union, and OECD 1990-2003. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

url:
http://www.wzb.eu/en/research/civil-society-conflicts-and-democracy/democracy/projects/the-manifesto-project


key: bwl
short: Bundeswahlleiter
url: http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/
full:
Bundeswahlleiter (Federal Returning Officer) – Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany)


key: mackie
short: Mackie and Rose (1991)
full:
Mackie, Thomas, and Richard Rose. 1991. The international almanac of electoral history. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly.


key: rose
short: Rose and Munro (2003)
full:
Rose, Richard, and Neil Munro. 2003. Elections and parties in new European democracies. Washington D.C.: CQ Press.


key: mueller
short: Müller and Strøm (2000)
full:
Müller, Wolfgang C., and Kaare Strøm, eds. 2000. Coalition governments in Western Europe. Oxford University Press.


key: rokkan
short: Rokkan and Meyriat (1969)
full:
Rokkan, Stein, and Jean Meyriat, eds. 1969. International guide to electoral statistics. The Hague, Paris: Mouton.


key: essex
short: Essex CEE elections database
url: http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/database/database.asp
full:
Database on Central and Eastern European Elections: Project on Political Transformation and the Electoral Process in Post-Communist Europe


key: archivio
short: Archivio Storico delle Elezioni
url: http://elezionistorico.interno.it/
full:
Archivio Storico delle Elezioni (Historical Election Archive) – Ministero dell'Interno (Interior ministry)


key: mue-rom
short: Müller-Rommel ea. (2008)
full:
Müller-Rommel, Ferdinand, Philipp Harfst, Henrike Schultze, and Katja Fettelschoß. 2008. “Parteienregierungen in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Empirische Befunde im Ländervergleich 1990 bis 2008.” Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 39(4):810–831.


key: bmi
short: Bundesministerium für Inneres
url: http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_wahlen/
full:
Bundesministerium für Inneres (Federal Ministry for the Interior) – Österreichische Bundeswahlbehörde (Austrian Federal Electoral Board)


key: indridason
short: Indridason (2005)
full:
Indridason, Indridi H. 2005. “A theory of coalitions and clientelism: Coalition politics in Iceland, 1945–-2000.” European Journal of Political Research 44(3):439–464.


key: vrk
short: Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija
url: http://www.vrk.lt/en/
full:
Lietuvos Respublikos vyriausioji rinkimų komisija (The Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania)


key: wiese
short: Wiesehomeier and Benoit (2009)
url: http://ninaw.webfactional.com/?page_id=11
full:
Wiesehomeier, Nina, and Kenneth Benoit. 2009. “Presidents, Parties and Policy Competition.” The Journal of Politics 71(4):1435–1447.


key: euprofiler
short: EU Profiler
url: http://dvn.eudo.eu/dvn/dv/euprofiler/
full:
Trechsel, Alexander H., and Peter Mair. 2009. “When Parties (also) Position Themselves: An Introduction to the EU Profiler.” EUI - RSCAS 2009/65; EUDO - European Union Democracy Observatory.


key: ibz
short: IBZ
url: http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/
full:
IBZ – Federale Overheidsdienst Binnenlandse Zaken – Service public fédéral Intérieur – Föderaler Öffentlicher Dienst Inneres


key: ray
short: Ray (1999)
url: http://www.lsu.edu/faculty/lray2/data/data.html
full:
Ray, Leonard. 1999. “Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey.” European Journal of Political Research 36(2):283–306.


key: ref
short: Résultats électoraux en France
url: https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/
full:
Résultats électoraux en France (Election results France) – Ministère de l'Intérieur (Minister of the Interior)


key: hoyland
short: Hoyland ea. (2009)
url: http://folk.uio.no/bjornkho/MEP/default.htm
full:
Høyland, Bjørn, Indraneel Sircar, and Simon Hix. 2009. “An Automated Database of the European Parliament.” European Union Politics 10(1):143–152.


key: hix
short: Hix ea. (2007)
url: http://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/HixNouryRolandEPdata.htm
full:
Hix, Simon, Abdul G. Noury, and Gérard Roland. 2007. Democratic Politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


key: parlgov
short: ParlGov database (Döring ea. 2023)
url: http://www.parlgov.org/
full:
Döring, Holger, Constantin Huber, Philip Manow, Maike Hesse and Alexandra Quaas. 2023. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov): Information on parties, elections and cabinets in established democracies.


key: conrad
short: Conrad and Golder (2010)
full:
Conrad, Courtenay R., and Sona N. Golder. 2010. “Measuring government duration and stability in Central Eastern European democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 49(1):119–150.


key: phb
short: Parteien-Handbuch
full:
Stöss, Richard. 1986. Parteien-Handbuch: Die Parteien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1945-1980. Sonderausgabe. Opladen: Westdeutsche Verlag.


key: jacobs
short: Jacobs (1989)
full:
Jacobs, Francis, ed. 1989. Western European political parties : a comprehensive guide. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman.


key: no-2001
short: Nohlen ea. (2001)
full:
Nohlen, Dieter, Florian Grotz, and Christof Hartmann, eds. 2001. Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A data handbook. Oxford University Press.


key: no-2010
short: Nohlen and Stöver (2010)
full:
Nohlen, Dieter, and Philip Stöver, eds. 2010. Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Baden-Baden:Nomos.


key: elklit
short: Elklit (2002)
full:
Elklit, Jørgen. 2002. “The politics of electoral system development and change: The Danish case.” In The evolution of electoral and party systems in the Nordic countries, New York: Agathon Press, p. 15-66.


key: hopkin
short: Hopkin (2005)
full:
Hopkin, Jinathan. 2005. “Spain: Proportional Representation with Majoritarian Outcomes.” In The politics of electoral systems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 375-94.


key: suj-02
short: Sundberg (2002)
full:
Sundberg, Jan. 2002. “The electoral system of Finland: Old, and working well.” In The evolution of electoral and party systems in the Nordic countries. New York: Agathon Press, p 67-100.


key: sos
short: Sveriges officiella statistik
full:
Sveriges officiella statistik – Statistiska centralbyrån (Official Statistics of Sweden – Statistics Sweden)


key: morgan
short: Morgan (1976)
full:
Morgan, Michael-John. 1976. “The modelling of governmental coalition formation: A policy-based approach with interval measurement.” Dissertation, University of Michigan.


key: barber
short: Barber ea. (2008)
url: http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp17.pdf
full:
Barber, Stephen, Christopher Lawley, Scott Bennett, and Gerard Newman. 2008. Federal election results 1901–2007. Parliament of Australia – Parliamentary Library.


key: mchale
short: McHale (1983)
full:
McHale, Vincent E., ed. 1983a. Political Parties of Europe: Albania -- Norway. Greenwood Press.;

McHale, Vincent E., ed. 1983b. Political Parties of Europe: Poland -- Yugoslavia. Greenwood Press.



key: hug-68
short: Hughes and Graham (1968)
full:
Hughes, Colin, and Bruce D. Graham. 1968. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1890-1964. Canberra: Australian National University Press.


key: hug-77
short: Hughes (1977)
full:
Hughes, Colin. 1977. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1965-1974. Canberra: Australian National University Press.


key: hug-86
short: Hughes (1986)
full:
Hughes, Colin. 1986. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1975-1984. Sydney ;New York: Australian National University Press.


key: aph-11
short: Parliamentary Handbook of Australia (2011)
full:
Parliamentary Library 2011: 43rd Parliament. Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia 2011.

url:
http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/~/media/05%20About%20Parliament/54%20Parliamentary%20Depts/544%20Parliamentary%20Library/Handbook/43rd_PH_complet


key: gud97
short: Guðmundur and Magnússon (1997)
full:
Guðmundur, Jónsson, and Magnús S. Magnússon. 1997. Hagskinna : sögulegar hagtölur um Ísland -- Icelandic historical statistics. Reykjavík: Hagstofa Íslands.


key: lij-94
short: Lijphart (1994)
full:
Lijphart, Arend. 1978. “The Dutch electoral system in comparative perspective: extreme proportional representation, multipartism, and the failure of electoral reform.” The Netherlands’ Journal of Sociology 14:115–133.


key: clea-11
short: CLEA
url: http://www.electiondataarchive.org/
full:
Ken Kollman, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, and David Backer. Constituency-Level Elections Archive (CLEA; www.electiondataarchive.org), September 14, 2011 [dataset]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor]. 


key: taag-97
short: Taagepera (1997)
full:
Taagepera, Rein. 1997. “Effective number of parties for incomplete data.” Electoral Studies 16(2):145–151.


key: ga-mi-05
short: Gallagher and Mitchell (2005)
full:
Gallagher, Michael, and Paul Mitchell, eds. 2005. The politics of electoral systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


key: da-08
short: Dalton (2008)
full:
Dalton, Russell J. 2008. “The quantity and the quality of party systems: Party system polarization, its measurement, and its consequences.” Comparative Political Studies 41(7):899–920.


key: taag-89
short: Taagepera and Shugart (1989)
full:
Taagepera, Rein, and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1989. Seats and votes: The effects and determinants of electoral systems. Yale University Press.


key: gall-91
short: Gallagher (1991)
full:
Gallagher, Michael. 1991. “Proportionality, disproportionality and electoral systems.” Electoral Studies 10(1):33–51.


key: la-ta-79
short: Laakso and Taagepera (1979)
full:
Laakso, Markku, and Rein Taagepera. 1979. “Effective number of parties: Measure with application to West Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 12(1):3–27.


key: buga
short: Bugajski (2002)
full:
Bugajski, Janusz. 2002. Political parties of eastern europe: a guide to politics in the post-communist era. M.E.Sharpe.


key: kato-08
short: Kato and Kannon (2008)
full:
Kato, Junko, and Yuto Kannon. 2008. “Coalition Governments, Party Switching, and the Rise and Decline of Parties: Changing Japanese Party Politics since 1993.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 9(3):341–365.


key: wilson
short: Wilson (1985)
full:
Wilson, J. O. 1985. New Zealand parliamentary record 1840-1984. Wellington: V.R. Ward, Government Printer.


key: pav-03
short: Pavel and Huiu (2003)
full:
Pavel, Dan, and Iulia Huiu. 2003. “Nu putem reuși decît împreună” O istorie analitică a Convenției Democratice, 1989-2000. Iași: Polirom.


key: macr-85
short: Mackie and Craig (1985)
full:
Mackie, Thomas, and Fred W. S Craig. 1985. Europe votes 2: European Parliamentary election results 1979-1984. 2nd ed. West Sussex, UK: Parliamentary Research Services.


key: macr-90
short: Mackie and Craig (1990)
full:
Mackie, Thomas, and Fred W. S Craig. 1990. Europe votes 3: European Parliamentary election results 1989. 2nd ed. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited.


key: hoe-99
short: Höbelt (1999)
full:
Höbelt, Lothar. 1999. Von der vierten Partei zur dritten Kraft: die Geschichte des VdU. Graz: Stocker.


key: doe-13
short: Döring (2013)
url: http://eup.sagepub.com/content/14/1/161
full:
Döring, Holger. 2013. ‘The Collective Action of Data Collection: A Data Infrastructure on Parties, Elections and Cabinets’. European Union Politics 14(1):161–78.


key: epl
short: Ministère de l'Intérieur (Luxembourg)
url: http://www.elections.public.lu/fr/index.html
full:
Ministère de l'Intérieur - Le site officiel des élections au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Ministry of internal affairs - Official election results of Luxembourg)


key: gall-09
short: Gallagher (2009)
full:
Gallagher, Michael. 2009. Irish elections 1948-77: Results and analysis. Sources for the study of Irish politics 2. London. Routledge.


key: flora-83
short: Flora (1983)
full:
Flora, Peter. 1983. State, Economy, and Society in Western Europe 1815-1975: A Data Handbook in Two Volumes -- Volume I: The Growth of Mass Democracies and Welfare States. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus Verlag.


key: pa-84
short: Paloheimo (1984)
full:
Paloheimo, Heikki. 1984. Governments in Democratic Capitalist States 1950-1983: A Data Handbook. Turku: University of Turku, Department of Sociology and Political Science.


key: be-70
short: Beyme (1970)
full:
Beyme, Klaus von. 1970. Die parlamentarischen Regierungssysteme in Europa. München: R. Piper & Co. Verlag.


key: chr-08
short: Christiansen and Damgaard (2008)
full:
Christiansen, Flemming Juul and Erik Damgaard. 2008. “Parliamentary Opposition under Minority Parliamentarism: Scandinavia.” The Journal of Legislative Studies 14(1-2):46–76.


key: boix-2013
short: Boix ea. (2013)
url: https://sites.google.com/site/mkmtwo/data
full:
Boix, Carles, Michael Miller, and Sebastian Rosato. 2013. “A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007.” Comparative Political Studies 46(12):1523–54.


key: prz-13
short: Przeworski (2013)
url: https://sites.google.com/a/nyu.edu/adam-przeworski/home/data
full:
Przeworski, Adam. 2013. “Political Institutions and Political Events (PIPE) Data Set. Department of Politics, New York University.”


key: berg-93
short: Bergman (1993)
full:
Bergman, Torbjörn. 1993. "Constitutional Design and Government Formation: The Expected Consequences of Negative Parliamentarism." Scandinavian Political Studies 16(4): 285-304.  


key: gall-11
short: Gallagher (2011)
full:
Gallagher, Michael and Michael Marsh. 2011.How Ireland Voted 2011: the full story of Ireland's earthquake election. Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.


key: vs14
short: Schröder (2014)
full:
Schröder, Valentin and Philip Manow. 2014. Is negative parliamentarism sometimes no parliamentarism after all? Evidence on tiered systems of power separation from the Weimar Republic, 1920–1933. 42nd ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops, University of Salamanca, Spain, 13.04.2014.


key: chisols
short: CHISOLS dataset
url: http://www.chisols.org/
full:
Mattes, Michaela, Brett Ashley Leeds, and Naoko Matsumura. 2016. “Measuring Change in Source of Leader Support: The CHISOLS Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 53(2): 259–67.


key: berg-19
short: Bergman ea. (2019)
full:
Bergman, Torbjörn, Gabriella Ilonszki, and Wolfgang C. Müller, eds. 2019. Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.


key: bbe-21
short: Bergman ea. 2021
full:
Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back, and Johan Hellström, eds. 2021. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.


key: dw-05
short: Druckman and Warwick (2005)
full:
Druckman, James N., and Paul V. Warwick. 2005. “The Missing Piece: Measuring Portfolio Salience in Western European Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 44(1): 17–42.


key: dr-08
short: Druckman and Roberts (2005)
full:
Druckman, James N., and Andrew Roberts. 2008. “Measuring Portfolio Salience in Eastern European Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 47(1): 101–34.


# external_party_chess

name_short: SDKU; SDKU-DS
name_english: Slovak Democratic and Christian Union; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party
name:
Slovenská demokratická a krestanská unia; Slovenská demokratická a krestanská unia-Demokratická strana


# info_table

type: table
name: cabinet_party
data_source: parlgov
description:
list of parties that are members of a cabinet -- no party affiliation observations (party_id) are included if the prime minister is not a party member 


type: view
name: viewcalc_party_position
data_source: parlgov
description:
policy positions of political parties in important dimensions as provided through various expert surveys


type: table
name: external_party_chess
data_source: ches
description:
party names from the codebook of Chapel Hill Expert Surveys Series (CHESS) on the positioning of political parties (1996, 1999, 2002, 2006, 2010)


type: table
name: party_change
data_source: parlgov
description:
linking parties that evolved through changes -- observation in this table link predecessor/successor parties or party splits  from 'party' table -- this information is still incomplete with updates and extensions in future ParlGov versions


type: view
name: viewcalc_election_parameter
data_source: parlgov
description: calculated parameters about parliamentary elections -- see list of variables for further details
comment:
Parameters are calculated by an R script at irregular intervals. Results for parties from party family 'none' (esp. 'no party affiliation' and 'others' parties) are removed from calculation (see Taagepera 1997; Gallagher/Mitchel 2005, 598-606).


type: table
name: party
data_source: parlgov
description:
party information with links to data sets (ParlGov external) that contain political positons of parties


type: table
name: party_name_change
data_source: parlgov
description:
information on official party names in case a party was renamed or if the official name is only used in shortened form  


type: table
name: view_election
data_source: parlgov
description: Election results for national and European Parliament elections. (main view)
comment:
Includes vote share and number of seats of all parties that won seats in a democratic post-war election. For some countries, all parties that won more than one percent of the votes and the respective number of votes are included.


type: table
name: view_cabinet
data_source: parlgov
description:
Cabinet and opposition parties in parliament with their seat strength at each instance of government formation. (main view)

comment:
new cabinets are defined for (I) any change in the set of parties holding cabinet membership; (II) any change in the identity of the prime minister; (III) any general election; (IV) any substantively meaningful resignation


type: table
name: party_family
data_source: parlgov
description: additional party families for a party
comment:
The major party family category is coded in the 'party' table. This table includes additional categories such as regional parties, types of special issue parties, anti-system parties etc.


type: table
name: viewcalc_parliament_composition
data_source: parlgov
description:
compositon of parliament for changes in parliament (table 'parliament_change'), information about composition of parliament (table 'parliament_composition') and dates of cabinet formation ('start_date' from table 'cabinet')


type: table
name: viewcalc_country_year_share
data_source: parlgov
description:
country year weights for elections (national and EP) and cabinets -- each entry gives the share of the respective year the legislature or cabinet was in office


# info_id

table_variable: cabinet_termination
short: confidence-vote
name: losing confidence vote -- RECODE
description:
cabinet fails by loosing e.g. vote of confidence, investiture vote, constructive vote of no-confidence


table_variable: party_family
short: no-party
name: no party
description:
used for entries that are no parties and were this proporty does not follow from the party family classification ('no family')


# election_result

data_source: cvk
description:
Electoral alliance with Latgale’s Democratic Party (Latgales Demokrātiskās partijas apvienotais saraksts)


data_source: bwl
description:
Party did not pass the five percent threshold but won 2 SMD seats in the East of Germany. Representation as a parliamentary group would have required 3 SMD seats.


data_source: vvk
description:
Electoral allicance with Estonian Social Democratic Labour Party (Eesti Demokraatlikuks Tööparteiks) and Russian Unity Party.


data_source: cvk, rose
description:
Electoral alliance: Political Patriotic Union "Motherland” (Politiskā patriotiskā apvienība "DZIMTENE") with For Freedom, Social Justice and Equal Rights (ЗаСССР)


data_source: aec
description:
Tony Crook (National Party of Western Australia) is included into the official results of the National party although his has publicly stated to be an independent.


data_source: bwl, dhbt
description:
Centre Party (Zentrum) won 1 SMD seat through electoral coordination with the Christian Democrats (CDU).

comment:
The CDU did not field a candidate in the electoral district of Oberhausen, and the Zentrum accepted a CDU member to be placed second on the Zentrum list.


data_source: hagstofa, mchale
comment:
Dissident members of the People's Alliance (Ab) ran on an independent list and later formed Union of Liberals and Leftist (Sfvm) (McHale 1980, 527).


data_source: ovb
comment:
"http://valasztas.hu/vteup04/l1.html (...) According to this, KDNP did not participate at all in 2004 (that time, this party was virtually non-existent)." personal communication with Zsófia Papp (HAS Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest) 2014 


data_source: ovb
description:
Electoral alliance: MIÉP–Jobbik a Harmadik Út pártszövetség (MIEP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties)


data_source: edu, tila
description:
Esko-Juhani Tennilä was denied access to the party list and was elected as an independent candidate in the Lapland district (Sundberg 2002, 79; Tilastokeskus 1983, 120). He (re-)joined the parliamentary group of the People's Democratic League of Finland (SKDL) (Eduskunta).


data_source: pkw
description:
Towarzystwo-Społeczno Kulturalne Niemców Województwa Katowickiego (Germans Association of the Voivodeship Katowickie)


data_source: cne
description: Electoral alliance: Republican and Socialist Front (Frente Republicana e Socialista)
comment:
combined number of seats from FRS alliance (63 seats) and votes in constituencies of Azores and Madeira (3 seats, 67081 votes, 1.11 pervote)


data_source: bwl, dhbt
description:
German Party (DP) gained representation in the Bundestag by winning 5 SMD seats (6 total, 3 required) through electoral coordination with the Christian Democrats (CDU).


data_source: cevipol, pc
comment:
"When Verhofstadt interim/temporary (it had a fixed date of end) cabinet was formed in December 2007, the appointment of Vandeurzen (CD&V) as minister led to the appointment of his substitute in parliament, who happened to be belonging to the NV-A. Hence, the composition of the group then 24 CD&V and 6 NV-A." (Source: Patrick Dumont, University of Luxembourg; personal communication 30 January 2012)


data_source: ukeu
description:
Social Democratic and Labour Party (John Hume) took 1 seat with 25.2% of the vote in Northern Ireland.


data_source: bwl
comment:
German Party (DP) passed five percent threshold in Bremen (17.8%), Hamburg (13.1%), Lower Saxony (17.8%) and Schleswig-Holstein (12.1%), 


data_source: mig
description: 50 bonus seats for plurality winner (Kovras 2010, 295).
comment:
Kovras, Iosif. 2010. “The Parliamentary Election in Greece, October 2009.” Electoral Studies 29(2): 293–96.


data_source: ibz
description:
PCB/KBP formed a single party in Belgium at that time, though the two "parts" of the party did contest in the 1984 election. The votes for the PCB are 61605, for the KPB 25774


data_source: archivio
description:
Electoral alliance: Proletarian Unity Party (PdUP), Workers Vanguard (AO) and Workers Movement for Socialism (MLS)


data_source: no-2010
description:
In the election DISY was part of the alliance A/D/E. After the election DISY was ousted and remained without any seats, due to the majority system.


data_source: archivio, ep
description: Lega antiproibizionisti droga (Anti Drug League)
comment:
1 seat Lega antiproibizionisti droga (Anti Drug League), 1 seat Federalists (Federalisti) in PLI-PRI-FED alliance


data_source: bwl, wid
description:
Christian Social Union (CSU) won 52 (57.1 percent) out of 91 seats in the state of Bavaria with a vote share of 47.8 percent (cf. Wahlen in Deutschland). Until 1956, seats were allocated at the state level (Schindler 1999, 32; Vogel and Schultze 1969, 293).


data_source: ukeu
description:
Social Democratic and Labour Party (John Hume) took 1 seat with 28.9% of the vote in Northern Ireland.


data_source: no-2010
comment:
Confidence List (Εμπιστοσύνη) in Rhodope headed by Sadık Ahmet and
Destiny List (Πεπρωμένο) in Xanthi headed by Ahmet Faikoğlu together form the Independent Muslim List (Mus).


data_source: edu, tila, toer68
description:
After the election, 10 Social Democrats (SSDP) MPs joined the Social Democratic Opposition (SD-o) on 22 July 1958 (Eduskunta; Törnudd 1968, 163).


data_source: archivio
description:
Electoral alliance: National Democratic Union (Unione Democratica Nazionale) with Partito Democratico del Lavoro (Labour Democratic Party) 40,633 votes (0.18 %) 


data_source: ukeu
description:
Social Democratic and Labour Party (John Hume) took 1 seat with 28.1% of the vote in Northern Ireland.


data_source: vrk
comment:
vrk data states that The New Union (Social Liberals) won 18 seats in MMCs and 11 seats in SMCs, which totals 29. However, Wikipedia as well as Nohlen/Stöver and Essex sources state that LLiS won 28 seats only.


data_source: frpo, ref
description:
Electoral alliance: Left Front (Front de Gauche) with Party of the Left (Parti de Gauche) and Left Union (Gauche Unitaire)


data_source: gud97
description:
Electoral alliance: (F/A) with joint program and coordination of candidates across constituencies – the Alliance of Fear (Hardarson 2002, 144). 


data_source: epp
description:
Electoral alliance with Partido Demócrata Popular (Popular Democratic Party) and Partido Liberal (Liberal Party)


data_source: tila, toer68
description:
Party alliance of Social Democratic League and People's Democratic League in 1966 election with a joint election programme (Törnudd 1968, 89). 


data_source: eupepa
comment:
Seat distribution of Fidesz and KDNP is unknown. Seats coded for Fidesz to have consistent seat mapping across elections.


data_source: eie
description:
The seats include the Ceann Comhairle, the chairperson of the parliament who is re-elected automatically.


data_source: mig
description: 40 bonus seats for plurality winner (Patrikios and Karyotis 2008, 359).
comment:
Patrikios, Stratos, and Georgios Karyotis. 2008. “The Greek Parliamentary Election of 2007.” Electoral Studies 27(2): 356–59.


data_source: munro, ovb
description: Electoral alliance: Centre Party (Centrumpárt)
comment:
Centre Party was an alliance by 25 groups including KDNP and smaller parties not included in ParlGov (Rose/Munro 2009: 149). It run also in the 2006 election without the KDNP winning 0.3% of the MMC votes.


data_source: cevipol, pc
comment: Source: Patrick Dumont, University of Luxembourg; personal communication 30 January 2012
description:
Electoral cartel (25 seats CD&V and 5 seats N-VA) and common parliamentary group. N-VA withdrew on 21 September 2008 and its six MPs (5 seats won and 1 substitute) formed a new party group with the first parliamentary session on 14 October.


data_source: cik
description:
 Electoral alliance with Movement for Social Humanism (Dvizhenie za Sotsialen Humanizam), Civil Union "Roma" (Graždansko Obedinenie "Roma"), New Dawn (Nova Zora)


data_source: cevipol
description:
Electoral alliance of Vlaams Nationale Partij (Flemish National Party – VNP) and Vlaamse Volkspartij (Flemish People's Party – VVP)


data_source: cvk
description: Electoral alliance: Labour and Justice Coalition (Koallija Darbs un Taisni)
comment:
“Labour and Justice” ( Latvijas Demokrātiskās darba partijas (LDDP), Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskās strādnieku partijas (LSDSP) un Latvijas Apkrāpto cilvēku aizstāvības partijas "Taisnība" (Taisnība) koalīcija "Darbs un Taisnīgums" )


data_source: ukeu
description:
Ulster Conservatives and Unionists (UCUNF) [UUP/CNI alliance] took 1 seat with 17.1% of the vote in Northern Ireland.


data_source: yb-dnk
comment:
Liberals (V) metropolitan branch registered as a party and fielded candidates in the capital region only to win compensatory seats (Elklit 2002, 40).


data_source: bwl, dhbt
description:
German Party (DP) won 9 SMD seats (10 total) through electoral coordination with the Christian Democrats (CDU) and Free Democrats (FDP).


data_source: ibz
description:
Front Wallon (Walloon Front) 24,245 votes (0.47%)
Parti Wallon des travailleurs (Walloon Labour Party) 23,582 votes (0.46%)


data_source: vrk
comment:
The vrk data states that the Lithuanian Liberal Union (LLiS) won 16 seats in MMCs and 18 seats in SMCs, which totals 34. However, Wikipedia as well as Nohlen/Stöver and Essex sources state that LLiS won 33 seats only.


data_source: cne
comment:
combined number of seats from AD alliance (74 seats) and votes in constituencies of Azores and Madeira (8 seats, 147644 votes,  2,45 pervote)


data_source: cne
description:
União Democrática Popular (Popular Democratic Union) 44,877 (0.8%);
Associação de Defesa dos Interesses de Macau (Association for the Protection of the Interests of Macau) 1,622 votes (0.0%)


data_source: epp
description:
Union del Pueblo Canario (Canary Peoples Union) 58,953 votes (0.33%); Union del Pueblo Navarro (Navarrese Peoples Union) 28,248 votes (0.16%)


data_source: ibz
description:
PCB/KBP formed a single party in Belgium at that time, though the two "parts" of the party did contest in the 1979 election. The votes for the PCB are 106023, for the KPB 39773


data_source: bwl
description:
Party did not pass the five percent threshold but gained representation in the Bundestag by winning 4 SMD seats (3 minimum) in the East of Germany.


data_source: pkw
description:
Electoral alliance: Porozumienie dla Przyszłości – CentroLewica (Agreement for the Future -- CenterLeft)


data_source: pkw
comment: Source: Rose/Munro 2003: 231
description:
Electoral alliance: Catholic Election Committee "Homeland" (Katolicki Komitet Wyborczy "Ojczyzna") with People's Peasant Christian (Stronnictwo Ludowo-Chrześcijańskie), The Conservative Party (Partia Konserwatywna) and Polish Federation of Enterprise (Federacja Polskiej Przedsiębiorczości)
    


data_source: bmi, hoe-99
description: Electoral alliance: Party of the Independents (Wahlpartei der Unabhängigen)
comment:
Federation of Independents (VdU) run as Party of the Independents (WdU) registering lists of candidates under the name in all electoral districts (Höbelt 1999: 60).


data_source: bmi
description:
Electoral alliance:  Electoral group Austrian People's Opposition (Wahlgemeinschaft Österreichische Volksopposition)


data_source: bmi
description:
Electoral alliance: LEFT -- Opposition for a Europe of Solidarity, European Left, KPÖ, Independents (LINKE – Opposition für ein Solidarisches Europa, Europäische Linke, KPÖ, Unabhängige)


data_source: ukeu
description:
Social Democratic and Labour Party (John Hume) took 1 seat with 22.1% of the vote in Northern Ireland.


data_source: mackie
description:
Electoral alliance: Popular Socialist Party / United Socialists (Partido Socialista Popular / Unidad Socialista); 1 seat won by Socialist Party of Aragon (Partido Socialista de Aragón).


data_source: knesset, no-2001
comment:
One parliamentary group (Likud-Gesher-Tzomet) according to Knesset but described as independent factions in Reuters.


data_source: barber, hug-68
description:
United Australia Party (UAP) and a part of the Country Party (CP) (led by Fadden) ran together in 1943 as the Country-National Party in Queensland (Hughes and Graham 1968). 


data_source: bafs
description:
Allgemeine Volksliste (General List); Nationale Front – Front national (National Front); Union Nationale (National Union)


data_source: bafs
description:
Peasant Union (Bauernvereinigung); Peasant Party / Protestants / Democrats / Independents (Bauernpartei / Evangelische / Freie Demokraten / Parteilose)


data_source: epp
description:
Coalició Compromís (Commitment Coalition) 125,306 votes (0.52%); Foro de Ciudadanos (Asturian Forum) 99,473 votes (0.41%)


data_source: volby
description:
Electoral alliance: Mayors and Independents – Your Alternative (Starostové a nezávislí – Vaše alternativa)


data_source: volby
description: Electoral alliance: Union of Liberal Democrats (Unie liberalnich demokratu)
comment:
Electoral alliance also includes Cesta změny (Path of Change) and Liberální reformní strana (Liberal Reform Party)


data_source: bmi
description:
Bipartisan Agreement of the Centre (Überparteiliche Einigung der Mitte – Wahlgemeinschaft parteiloser Persönlichkeiten)


data_source: bec
description:
Electoral alliance (PSD, UNPR – PNL, PC): Social Liberal Union (Uniunea Social Liberală);
Electoral alliance (PSD, UNPR): Centre Left Alliance (Alianța de Centru Stânga)


data_source: izbori
description:
Electoral alliance with Croatian Democratic Alliance of Dalmatia (Hrvatski Demokratski Slobodarski Saves Dalmacije) and Croatian Green (Zeleni Hrvatske)


description:
Electoral alliance with Bloc Pensioners Together (Blok Umirovljenici Zajedno) and Croatian Labour Party (Hrvatska Radnička Stranka)


data_source: no-2010
description:
Electoral alliance with Croatian Christian Democratic Union (Hrvatska kršćanska demokratska unija) winning 1 seat.


data_source: asn, no-2010
comment:
According to asn Génération Ecologie, Verts gained 19.2 percent of the first votes. However this seems unrealistic regarding their number of votes. Vote share is therefore calculated.


data_source: no-2010
description:
Includes 222211 votes cast for candidates running under the party label CNIP independently from the UDF alliance.


data_source: no-2010
comment:
It is not clear whether Greens (CE/PE) are related to V. Coded on V to prevent inflation of parties.


data_source: no-2010
description:
Includes 525975 votes cast for candidates running under the party label CNIP independently from the UDF alliance. 


data_source: no-2010
description:
Includes 362141 votes cast for candidates running under the party label MP independently from the UDF alliance.


data_source: pkw
description:
Ruch Demokratyczno-Społeczny (Democratic-Social Movement) 51,656 votes (0.5%);
Porozumienie Wyborcze "Piast" (Popular Agreement "Piast") 42,031 votes (0.4%);
Krakowska Koalicja Solidarni z Prezydentem (Krakow Coalition of Solidarity with the President) 27,586 votes (0.3%);
Związek Podhalan (Association of the Podhalans) 26,744 votes (0.2%);
Wielkopolsce i Polsce (Greater Poland and Poland) 23,188 votes (0.2%);
Wojewódzki Komitet Wyborczy Jedności Narodowej (Voivodeships Election Committee of the National Unity) 18,902 votes (0.2%);
Prawosławni (Orthodox Christians) 13,788 votes (0.1%);
Solidarność 80 (Solidarity 80) 12,769 votes (0.1%);
Unia Wielkopolan Okręgu Województwa Leszczyńskiego (Union of Greater Poles in the Voivodeship Leszczynskie) 9,019 votes (0.1%);
Sojuszu Kobiet Przeciw Trudnościom Życia (Womens Alliance against Difficulties of the Existence) 1,922 votes (0.0%)


description:
Movimento Unionista Italiano (Italian Unionist Movement) 71,021 votes (0.31%);
Partito Cristiano Sociale (Social Christian Party) 51,088 votes (0.22%);
Fronte Democratico Progressista Repubblicano (Republican Progressive Democratic Front) 21,853 votes (0.09%)


data_source: yb-nor
description:
Joint electoral list: Bondepartiet (Farmer's Party, 6 seats) Høyre (Conservative Party, 2 seats) and Venstre (Liberal Party, 1 seat)


data_source: voltive
description: Electoral alliance with Democratic Labour Party (Demokratična Stranka Dela) winning 1 seat.
comment:
Iniciativa za demokratični socializem (IDS): Miha Kordiš, Matej Tašner Vatovec, Luka Mesec
Demokratična stranka dela (DSD): Violeta Tomić
Stranka za trajnostni razvoj Slovenije (TRS): Matjaž Hanžek
Civilnodružbena gibanja in posamezniki: Franc Trček


data_source: bmi
description:
Electoral alliance: Europe Different (Europa Anders) with Pirate Party (Piratenpartei) and Change and Independents (Wandel und Unabhängige)


data_source: bmi
description:
Electoral alliance: Neutral Free Austria (Neutrale Freie Österreich) and EU-Exit Party (EU-Austrittspartei).


data_source: bwl
description:
Partei für Arbeit, Rechtstaat, Tierschutz, Elitenförderung und basisdemokratische Initiative (Party for Labour, Rule of Law, Animal Protection, Promotion of Elites and Grassroot-Democratic Initiative) 184,709 votes (0.6%); 
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (Ecological Democratic Party) 185,244 votes (0.6%)


data_source: ansa, mig
description:
Electoral alliance: Olive Tree – Democratic Alignment (Elia – Dimokratiki Parataxi — Ελιά – Δημοκρατική Παράταξη)


data_source: cik
description:
Electoral alliance with Movement for Social Humanism (Dvizhenie za Sotsialen Humanizam), Civil Union "Roma" (Graždansko Obedinenie "Roma"), New Dawn (Nova Zora), European Security and Integration (Evropeyska sigurnost i integratsiya), Social Democrats (Sotsialdemokrati), United Social Democracy (Obedinena sotsialdemokratsiya), Union of Communists in Bulgaria (Sayuz na Komunistite v Balgariya), Party of Bulgarian Communists (Partiya na Balgarskite Komunisti)


data_source: mdi
description:
Electoral Alliance: New Centre-Right -- Union of the Centre (Nuovo Centrodestra -- Unione di Centro)


data_source: epp
description:
Electoral alliance with  United and Alternative Left (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa), Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova-Irmandade Nacionalista), Galician Ecosocialist Space  (Espazo Ecosocialista Galego), Batzarre-Assembly of the Lefts (Batzarre-Asamblea de Izquierdas), Los Verdes-Opción Verde (Opció Verda-Els Verds), Gira Madrid-The Greens (Gira Madrid-Los Verdes), Building the Left - Socialist Alternative (Construyendo la Izquierda-Alternativa Socialista), Left Initiative - Awakened Future (Ezkerreko Ekimena-Etorkizuna Iratzarri).


data_source: epp
description:
Electoral alliance: Left for the Right to Decide (L'Esquerra pel Dret a Decidir) with Catalan New Left (Nova Esquerra Catalana) and Catalonia Yes (Catalunya Sí).


data_source: epp
description:
Electoral alliance: European Spring (Primavera Europea) with EQUO (Equo), For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo más Justo), Participa, Commitment Coalition (Compromís), Castilian Party (Partido castellano), Socialist Independents de Extremadura (Socialistas Independientes de Extremadura) and Caballas Coalition (Coalición Caballas).


data_source: cik
description:
Electoral alliance with Movement for Social Humanism (Dvizhenie za Sotsialen Humanizam), Civil Union "Roma" (Graždansko Obedinenie "Roma"), New Dawn (Nova Zora), European security and integration (Evropeyska sigurnost i integratsiya), Socialdemokrats (Sotsialdemokrati), United Social democracy (Obedinena sotsialdemokratsiya), Union of Communists in Bulgaria (Sayuz na Komunistite v Balgariya), Party of Bulgarian Communists (Partiya na Balgarskite Komunisti)


data_source: izbori
description:
Electoral alliance with Bloc of United Pensioners (Blok umirovljenici zajedno), Democratic Party of Zagorje (Zagorska demokratska stranka) and Croatian Demochristian Party (Hrvatska demokršćanska stranka)


data_source: izbori
description:
Electoral alliance: Alliance for Croatia (Savez za Hrvatsku) with Action for a better Croatia (Akcija za bolju Hrvatsku), Autochthonous Croatian Peasant Party (Autohtona - Hrvatska seljačka stranka), Croatian Dawn (Hrvatska zora), Family Party (Obiteljska stranka) and A vow for Croatia (Zavjet za Hrvatsku)


data_source: epp
description:
Electoral alliance: The People Decide (Los Pueblos Deciden) with Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu), Puyalón of Cuchas (Puyalón de Cuchas), Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur), National Alternative Canaria (Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria).


data_source: voltive
description:
Electoral alliance with Democratic Party of Work (Demokratična Stranka Dela) and Party for the Environment  (Stranka za Ekosocializem). 


data_source: phb
description:
4 seats won CSU (2 seats) and SPD (2 seats) list and MPs remained members of the respective parliamentary group.


data_source: bef-7
description:
Candidates without party affiliation won three seats, Independent Conservatives (Ind C) won three seats, Independent Liberals (Ind L) won one seat, Constitutionalist (Const) won one seat, Scottish Prohibition Party (SPP) won one seat,  Independent Labour (Ind Lab) won one seat.


data_source: bef-7
description:
Candidates without party affiliation won three seats, Independent Labor (Ind Lab) won three seats, National Socialist Party (NSP) won one seat, Independent Conservative (Ind C) won one seat.


data_source: no-2010
description:
Electoral alliance AR (Rep. Dem. AlIiance) with Democratic Republican Alliance (Alliance Republicaine Democratique)


data_source: no-2010
description:
Electoral alliance: National Bloc (Bloc National) with Republican Gathering (Entente Republicaine) and  National Concorde (Concorde National)


data_source: pkw
description:
Electoral alliance: United Left (Zjednoczona Lewica) with Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna) and The Greens (Partia Zieloni)


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Podemos Galicia (We Can Galicia), Anova (Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood), Esquerda Unida-Izquierda Unida (United Left of Galicia), Marea Galega (Citizen Meeting for a Galician Tide), Marea Atlántica (Atlantic Tide), Compostela Aberta (Open Compostela), Ferrol en Común (Ferrol in Common) and Ourense in Common.


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance: Democracia i Llibertat (Democracy and Freedom ) with Democrates de Catalunya (Democrats of Catalonia) and Reagrupament Independentista (Independence Rally). 


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Podem Catalunya (We Can Catalonia), Barcelona en Comú (Barcelona in Common), Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds (Initiative for Catalonia Greens) and Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (United and Alternative Left).


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Compromís (Commitment Coalition) (Electoral alliance with Bloc (Valencian Nationalist Bloc), Iniciativa (Initiative of the Valencian People), Verds (Greens-Equo of the Valencian Country) and People of Compromís (Gent).



data_source: ejpr
description:
Electoral alliance: Croatia is Growing (Hrvatska raste) with Authentic Croatian Peasant Party (Autohtona hrvatska seljačka stranka) and Zagorje Party (Zagorska stranka) 


data_source: ejpr
description:
Bloc Pensioners Together (Blok umirovljenici zajedno) and Croatian Christian Democratic Party (Hrvatska demokršćanska stranka) 


data_source: eie
description: Electoral alliance: Anti-Austerity Alliance–People Before Profit
comment:
Socialist Party is the main party of the Anti-Austerity Alliance. Recorded as main alliance party because it is the older of the two alliance members included in ParlGov.


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Podem Catalunya (We Can Catalonia), Barcelona en Comú (Barcelona in Common), Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds (Initiative for Catalonia Greens), Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (United and Alternative Left) and Pirata.cat (Pirate Party of Catalonia).


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Esquerra Unida del País Valencià (United Left of the Valencian Country) and Compromís (Commitment Coalition) (Electoral alliance with Bloc (Valencian Nationalist Bloc), Iniciativa (Initiative of the Valencian People), Verds (Greens-Equo of the Valencian Country) and People of Compromís (Gent). 


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Podemos Galicia (We Can Galicia), Anova (Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood), Esquerda Unida-Izquierda Unida (United Left of Galicia), Marea Galega (Citizen Meeting for a Galician Tide), Marea Atlántica (Atlantic Tide), Compostela Aberta (Open Compostela), Ferrol en Común (Ferrol in Common) and Ourense in Common. 


description:
Electoral alliance: The Only Option Coalition with Change Croatia, Youth Action and Alphabet of democracy


data_source: cik
description: New Republic
comment:
"New Republic was established before the latest parliamentary elections by Kanev and other DSB-friendly figures and members of the Public Board of the Right-wing Reformist Bloc coalition where DSB was a partner before leaving it over policy differences." (BTA 10 June 2017)


data_source: mdi
description:
Seats were determined in a separate election for the Italians abroad. 
The Party did not stand for election in Italy.


data_source: mdi
description:
Seats were determined in a separate election for the Italians abroad.
The Party did not stand for election in Italy.


data_source: archivio, mdi
comment: FI seats calculated by remainder of alliance seats
description:
Electoral alliance: The People of Freedom (Il Popolo della Libertà) with National Alliance (Alleanza Nazionale) and smaller parties formed a united list, a parliamentary group and a party in 2009.


data_source: no-2010
description:
Electoral alliance: German Nationals (Deutschnationale: Großdeutsche Volkspartei, Kärtner Bauernbund, Deutschösterreichische Bauernpartei)


data_source: no-2010
description:
Electoral alliance: Democratic Parties (Demokratische Parteien: Bürgerliche Arbeitspartei, Demokraten, Burgenländische Bürger- und Bauernpartei). Seat won by Bürgerliche Arbeitspartei.


data_source: no-2010
description:
Deutschvölkischer Wahlausschuss, Demokratische Städtevereinigung, Freiheitlicher Salzburger Städtebund, Jüdische-Nationale


description:
Schleswig-Holsteinische Bauern- und Landarbeiter-Demokratie 57913 Votes (0,2%); Braunschweigischer Landeswahlverband 56858 Votes (0,2%)

comment:
Votes are the summ of the votes of the Schleswig-Holsteinische Bauern- und Landarbeiter-Demokratie and the votes of the Braunschweigischer Landeswahlverband.


data_source: wid
description:
Christliche Volkspartei 65260 Votes (0,25%); Schleswig-Holsteinische Bauern- und Landarbeiter-Demokratie (Deputy remained in the Reichstag until the election took place in his constituency)


data_source: wid
comment:
Election result is the sum of the result of the list VRP and VRP [DDP], the latter was connected to the Reichswahlvorschlagl of the DDP.


description:
Electoral alliance with Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 (Tradice Odpovědnost Prosperita 09) and Mayors and Independents (Starostové a nezávislí)


description:
Electoral alliance with Indepedents for Croatia (Neovisni za Hrvatsku) and Croatian Party of Rights (Hrvatska Stranka Prava)


description:
Electoral alliance with Citizens's Alliance (Symmaxia) and Ecological and Environmental Movement (Kinima Oikologoi Perivallontistoi)	


description:
Electoral alliance with Slovenian Democratic Party (Slovenska demokratska stranka) and Slovenian People's Party (Slovenska ljudska stranka).


description:
 Electoral alliance: European Coalition (Koalicja Europejska) with Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska), Modern (Nowoczesna), Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej), Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe) and The Greens (Partia Zieloni).


description:
Electoral alliance: Coalition for a Solidary Europe (Coalición por una Europa Solidaria) with Canarian Coalition-Canarian Nationalist Party (Coalición Canaria–Partido Nacionalista Canario), Commitment to Galicia (Compromiso por Galicia), Proposal for the Islands (Proposta per les Illes), Valencian Democrats (Demòcrates Valencians) and Yes to the Future (Geroa Bai).


description:
Electoral alliance: Republics Now (Ahora Repúblicas) with Basque Country Unite (Euskal Herria Bildu), Galician Nationalist Bloc (Bloque Nacionalista Galego), Asturian Group (Andecha Astur), Puyalón, Canarian Nationalist Alternative (Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria), National Congress of the Canaries (Congreso Nacional de las Canarias) and Unity of the People (Unidad del Pueblo).


description:
Electoral alliance with Commitment Coalition (Coalició Compromís), More for Majorca (Més per Mallorca), En Masse (En Marea), Aragonese Union (Chunta Aragonesista), New Canaries (Nueva Canarias), Castilian Party (Partido Castellano), Caballas Coalition (Coalición Caballas), Coalition for Melilla (Coalición por Melilla), Andalusian People's Initiative (iniciativa), Andalusian Left (IzA) and The Greens of Europe (Los Verdes de Europa).


description:
Electoral alliance: Croatian Sovereignists (Coalition Hrvatski suverenisti) including Croatian Conservative Party (Hrvatska konzervativna stranka)


description:
 Electoral alliance: Movement for Change (Kinima Allagis) with Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Panellinio Sosialistikó Kínima) and Movement of Democratic Socialists (Kinima Dimokraton Sosialiston)


data_source: mi
description:
Coalició Compromís (Commitment Coalition) 172,751 votes (0.66%); Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (Regionalist Party of Cantabria) 52,197 votes (0.20%)


data_source: mi
description:
Electoral alliance with Podem Catalunya (We Can Catalonia), Barcelona en Comú (Barcelona in Common), Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds (Initiative for Catalonia Greens), Esquerra Unida i Alternativa (United and Alternative Left) and Equo (Equo).


data_source: boe
description:
Electoral alliance with Podemos (We Can), Esquerda Unida (United Left Galicia) and ANOVA – Irmandade Nacionalista (Anova – Nationalist Brotherhood).


data_source: boe
description:
Electoral alliance with Bloc Nacionalista Valencià (Valencian Nationalist Bloc), Iniciativa del Poble Valencià (Valencian People's Initiative), Verds Equo del País Valencià (Greens Equo of the Valencian Country) and Más País (More Country).


data_source: boe
description:
Partido Regionalista de Cantabria (Regionalist Party of Cantabria) 68,830 votes (0.28%); ¡Teruel Existe! (Teruel Exists) 19,761 votes (0.08%)


data_source: ibz
description:
Electoral alliance with Croatian Demochristian Democratic Party (Hrvatska demokršćanska stranka; HDS)


data_source: osce
description:
Electoral alliance: Restart Coalition (Restart koalicija) with Civic Liberal Alliance (Građansko-liberalni savez;  Glas) and Damir Bajs Independent List (Damir Bajs Nezavisna Lista; DBNL)


data_source: ibz
description:
Electoral alliance with Croatian Conservative Party (Hrvatska konzervativna stranka; HKS), Bloc for Croatia (Blok za Hrvatsku; BzH) and Green List (Zelena lista; ZL)


data_source: ibz
description:
Electoral alliance: Green–Left Coalition (Zeleno–lijeva koalicija) with New Left (Nova ljevica; NL) and Workers' Front (Radnička fronta; RF)


data_source: ref
description:
Electoral alliance: New Ecological and Social People's Union (Nouvelle Union populaire écologique et sociale NUPES)


data_source: mdi, camera
description:
Electoral Alliance: Centre-right coalition (centro destra), including the alliance Us Moderates (Noi moderati)


data_source: mdi, camera
description:
Electoral Alliance Centre-left Coalition (coalizione di centro-sinistra), including the party Civic Engagement Luigi di Maio (impegno civico luigi di maio)


data_source: cik
description:
Electoral Alliance Democratic Bulgaria (Demokratichna Burlgariq - Obedinenie) including the Green Movement 


data_source: mdi, camera
description:
Noi Moderati (Noi Con L'italia, Coraggio Italia, Udc, Italia Al Centro)-Maie according to composition in parliament (see camera.it).


# party

name_short: TOP09
name_english: Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09
name: Tradice Odpovědnost Prosperita 09
name_ascii: Tradice Odpovednost Prosperita 09
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradition_Responsibility_Prosperity_09
description:
Party formed on 11 June 2009 as a split of the Christian Democratic Union (KDU-CSL) by MP Miroslav Kalousek.


name_short: PU|PC
name_english: Humanist Party | Conservative Party
name: Partidul Umanist | Partidul Conservator
name_ascii: Partidul Umanist | Partidul Conservator
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)
comment: 2015 change coded as one party to avoid high number of short lived parties in ParlGov
description:
New party formed on 18 December 1991.
Party was renamed into Conservative Party (PC) on 7 May 2005.
PC merged with Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) into Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) on 19 June 2015.
PC members who did not want to merge into ALDE formed Social Liberal Humanist Party (PUSL) on 28 September 2015.


name_short: SLS
name_english: Slovenian People's Party
name: Slovenska ljudska stranka
name_ascii: Slovenska ljudska stranka
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_People%27s_Party
comment:
SLS merged with SKD 15 April 2000 to form the SLS + SKD Slovenian People's Party in 2000 but the party was renamed into SLS in 2001.


name_short: HSD-SMS
name_english: Movement for Self-Governing Democracy -- Society for Moravia and Silesia
name: Hnutí za samosprávnou demokracii – Společnost pro Moravu a Slezsko
name_ascii: Hnuti za samospravnou demokracii -- Spolecnost pro Moravu a Slezsko
description: New party formed on 4 April 1990.
wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_Autonomous_Democracy%E2%80%93Party_for_Moravia_and_Silesia


name_short: Sfvm
name_english: Union of Liberals and Leftist
name: Samtök frjálslyndra og vinstri manna
name_ascii: Samtok frjalslyndra og vinstri manna
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Liberals_and_Leftists
description:
Party split from People's Alliance (Ab) after it turned from an electoral alliance into a party. It included former members of the National Preservation Party (Thva) and Hannibal Valdimarsson from the Social Democratic Party.


name_short: DSB|DB
name_english: Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria | Democratic Bulgaria
name: Demokrati za Silna Balgariya | Demokratichna Balgariya
name_ascii: Demokrati za Silna Balgariya | Demokratichna Balgariya
name_nonlatin: Демократи за силна България | Демократична България
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrats_for_a_Strong_Bulgaria
description:
Party Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria (DSB) formed on 30 May 2004 by Ivan Kostov as a split of the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS).
DSB formed an electoral alliance Democratic Bulgaria (DB) on 12 April 2018 with Yes, Bulgaria! (DaB) and a parliamentary group after 2021 elections.


name_short: SV
name_english: Socialist Left Party
name: Sosialistisk Venstreparti
name_ascii: Sosialistisk Venstreparti
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosialistisk_Venstreparti
description:
Party formed on 16 March 1975 as a merger of the Communist Party of Norway (NKP), Socialist People's Party (SF) and independent socialists. 


name_short: SDKU-DS
name_english: Slovak Democratic and Christian Union -- Democratic Party
name: Slovenská demokratická a kresťanská únia – Demokratická strana
name_ascii: Slovenska demokraticka a krestanska unia -- Demokraticka strana
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_Democratic_and_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Democratic_Party
description:
Party formed on 18 February 2000 as split from Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) by PM Mikuláš Dzurinda. It was based on Slovak Democratic Coalition (SDK) alliance. 


name_short: SKYP
name_english: Finnish People's Unity Party
name: Suomen kansan yhtenäisyyden puolueen – Finlands folks enhetsparti
name_ascii: Suomen kansan yhtenaisyyden puolueen -- Finlands folks enhetsparti
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_the_Unity_of_the_Finnish_People
data_source: edu, rpfi
description:
Most MPs from the Rural Party (SMP) formed a new parliamentary group on 17 October 1972 and the party was registered on 29 December 1972.


name_short: SDS
name_english: Slovenian Democratic Party
name: Slovenska demokratska stranka
name_ascii: Slovenska demokratska stranka
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Slovenia
comment:
Difficult to classify party family due to a change from an originally Centre-Left to a Centre-Right to a Right-Wing party.


name_short: DRP
name_english: German Reich Party
name: Deutsche Reichspartei
name_ascii: Deutsche Reichspartei
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Reichspartei
description:
The party was founded in the year 1950 as a merger of the Deutsche Konservative Partei – Deutsche Rechtspartei and the Nationaldemokratische Partei (Hesse).


name_short: SP|P
name_english: Finnish Party | True Finns
name: Suomen Puolue | Perussuomalaiset
name_ascii: Suomen Puolue | Perussuomalaiset
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finns_Party
data_source: pc
comment:
"Suomen maaseudun puolue' (SMP) and 'Perussuomalaiset' (PS) are technically and legally two different parties. PS was established when SMP went bankrupt. But most of the persons working in SMP continued to work in PS. (...) In actual analysis most Finnish political scientists tend to handle them as same parties." (Mikko Mattila, University of Helsinki; personal communication, October 2009)


name_short: RV
name_english: Danish Social Liberal Party
name: Det Radikale Venstre
name_ascii: Det Radikale Venstre
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Social_Liberal_Party
description:
Danish Social Liberal Party (RV) formed on 21 May 1905 as split from Liberal Party (V) over military expenditure and issues of redistribution.


name_short: PKP
name_english: Progressive Constitutionalist Party
name: Partit Kostituzzjonali Progressiv
name_ascii: Partit Kostituzzjonali Progressiv
wikipedia: http://www.maltadata.com/abbrev.htm
data_source: no-2010
comment:
'Formed in October 1953 by Mabel Strickland, a former leader of the Constitutional Party.' (Mackie/Rose 1991, 313)


name_short: EER
name_english: Estonian Greens
name: Erakond Eestimaa Rohelised
name_ascii: Erakond Eestimaa Rohelised
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Greens
data_source: blt
description: New party formed 25 November 2006 after more than 1000 new members joined party.
comment:
Previous Estonian Greens had less than 1000 members and did not meet the registration requirements for the 2003 election. It was absorbed into the Center Party. (see 'Who are Estonia’s Greens?' The Baltic Times,  28 March 2007)


name_short: PSA
name_english: Autonomous Socialist Party
name: Partito socialista autonomo
name_ascii: Partito socialista autonomo
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Socialist_Party_(Ticino)
data_source: ejpr, hls
description:
The party was formed on 27 April 1969 (HLS).
The PSA and different socialist tendencies in the canton of Tessin formed the PSU in 1992 (EJPR 1992, 528).


name_short: Deva
name_english: Democratic Alternative
name: Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto – Demokratiskt Alternativs
name_ascii: Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto -- Demokratiskt Alternativs
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokraattinen_Vaihtoehto
data_source: edu, rpfi
description:
Registered on 11 July 1986. 10 MPs from the Democratic League (SKDL) formed a parliamentary group on 5 September 1986.


name_short: CDA
name_english: Christian Democratic Appeal
name: Christen Democratisch Appèl
name_ascii: Christen Democratisch Appel
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal
data_source: jacobs
description:
Common list of candidates (ARP, CHU, KVP) in 1977 election and single parliamentary group (Jacobs 1989, 257). Party founded on 11 October 1980.


name_short: GVP
name_english: All-German People's Party
name: Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei
name_ascii: Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-German_People's_Party
data_source: phb
description:
Party was formed on 29 November 1952. Among the founding members were Gustav Heinemann, a former CDU minister of the interior, and Helene Wessel, leader of the Zentrum.
The party was dissolved at a party congress on 18/19 May 1957 and joining the SPD was recommended (Stöss 1968, 1478ff).


name_short: Ma|Av
name_english: Alignment | Labor
name: HaMa'arakh | HaAvoda
name_ascii: HaMa'arakh | HaAvoda
name_nonlatin: המערך | הָעֲבוֹדָה
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party
description:
Party formed on 23 January 1968 as a merger of the United Workers Party (Mapam), Labour Unity (AhAv), and Israeli Workers List (Rafi).


name_short: PA-PTB
name_english: Workers' Party of Belgium
name: Partij van de Arbeid – Parti du Travail de Belgique
name_ascii: Partij van de Arbeid -- Parti du Travail de Belgique
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Belgium
description: New party formed in 1979.
comment:
This is one of the few national parties. It is registered under different names (PTB+ Wallonia, PVDA+ Flanders, PTB+PVDA+ Brussels) in recent elections.


name_short: PCTP/MRPP
name_english: Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat
name: Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses / Movimento Reorganizativo do Partido do Proletariado
name_ascii: Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses / Movimento Reorganizativo do Partido do Proletariado
wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Portuguese_Workers_/_Reorganizative_Movement_of_the_Party_of_the_Proletariat


name_short: CCF|NDP
name_english: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | New Democratic Party
name: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | New Democratic Party
name_ascii: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | New Democratic Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada
description:
Party formed on 03 August 1961 as a merger of equal parts of the Canadian Labour Congress and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF).


name_short: GPL-PVL
name_english: Green Liberal Party
name: Grünliberale Partei der Schweiz – Parti Vert-Libéral
name_ascii: Gruenliberale Partei der Schweiz -- Parti Vert-Liberal
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland
data_source: ap
description:
Splinter group of the Greens (Grue) in the Zurich canton was established on 3 July 2004 (St. Galler Tagblatt) and the party was formed at the national level on 19 July 2007 (AP).


name_short: PP
name_english: Progressive Party
name: Progressive Party
name_ascii: Progressive Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Progressive_Party
data_source: nzpa
description:
Progressive Party (PP) was formed by Jim Anderton after splitting from Alliance (A) on 3 April 2002.
Party was dissolved on 9 March 2012.


name_short: SP
name_english: Socialist Party
name: Socialistiese Partij
name_ascii: Socialistiese Partij
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)
description:
Party formed on 22 October 1971 as a split from the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML). In 1972, the KPN/ML party changed its name to the Socialist Party.


name_short: FVP
name_english: Free People's Party
name: Freie Volkspartei
name_ascii: Freie Volkspartei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_People%27s_Party_%28Germany%29
description:
Free People's Party (FVP) parliamentary group formed on 23 February 1956 as split from Free Democrats (FDP) and included four cabinet members.


name_short: BNRP
name_english: Bulgarian National Radical Party
name: Balgarska Natsionalnoradikalna Partiya
name_ascii: Balgarska Natsionalnoradikalna Partiya
name_nonlatin: Българска националнорадикална партия
data_source: buga
wikipedia:
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_


name_short: FK
name_english: Common Course
name: Fælles Kurs
name_ascii: Faelles Kurs
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6lles_Kurs
comment: Coded as new party because it competed with DKP in elections over the 1980s.
description:
Party formed by factions of the Communist Party of Denmark (DKP) in the early 1980s and founded on 19 April 1986.


name_short: JL
name_english: Young Lithuania
name: Jaunoji Lietuva
name_ascii: Jaunoji Lietuva
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Lithuania
description: New party formed on 17 September 1994.
comment:
Union of LKDS and LTJS "Young Lithuania" For United Lithuania (LKDS ir LTJS "Jaunoji Lietuva" susivienijimas uz vieninga Lietuva)


name_short: ONP
name_english: One Nation Party
name: One Nation Party
name_ascii: One Nation Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation
description:
Party formed on 11 April 1997 as split from Liberal Party (LP). Pauline Hanson was disendorsed as a LP federal candidate and formed the party. 


name_short: SPOZ
name_english: Party of Civic Rights -- Zemanovci
name: Strana práv občanů – Zemanovci
name_ascii: Strana prav obcanu -- Zemanovci
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_Civic_Rights_%E2%80%93_Zemanovci
data_source: ctk
description:
Party formed on 17 October 2009 by former Social Democratic (CSSD) PM Miloš Zeman and minsters of his cabinet (1998 to 2002).


name_short: KDNP
name_english: Christian Democratic People's Party
name: Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt
name_ascii: Keresztenydemokrata Neppart
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_%28Hungary%29
comment: Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP) did not participate in the EP elections 2004.
description:
Officially the KDNP stays an independent partner of Fidesz, but is de facto a satellite party of Fidesz, which own support cannot be measured.


name_short: KDS
name_english: Christian Democratic Party
name: Krestanskodemokraticka strana
name_ascii: Krestanskodemokraticka strana
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_%28Czech_Republic%29
data_source: ctk, reuters
description:
Christian Democratic Party (KDS) and Civic Democratic Party (ODS) agreed to merge in November 1995 and formally merged on 2 April 1996.


name_short: BQ
name_english: Quebec Bloc
name: Bloc Québécois
name_ascii: Bloc Quebecois
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Bloc
description:
Party formed on 15 June 1991 as an informal coalition of Progressive Conservative and Liberal Members of Parliament from Quebec


name_short: SV
name_english: Common Choice
name: Spoločná voľba
name_ascii: Spolocna Vol'ba
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Choice
comment:
Electoral alliance: SDA Strana demokratickej l´avice (Party of the Democratic Left) -- SDSS Socialno-demokratická strana Slovenska (Social Democratic Party) -- SZS Strana zelenýnch na Slovenska (Green Party) -- HP Hnutie polnohospodárov (Peasant Movement)


name_short: KK/CVP
name_english: Catholic Conservative / Christian Democratic Peoples Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland
data_source: no-2010
description: Before 1912 the party existed only as parliamentary group.
name:
Katholische Konservative / Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei – Conservateurs catholiques  /  Parti démocrate-chrétien

name_ascii:
Katholische Konservative / Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei -- Conservateurs catholiques  /  Parti democrate-chretien


name_short: FGr-ASF
name_english: Feminists and Green-Alternative Groups
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politische_Parteien_in_der_Schweiz
name:
Feministische und grün-alternative Gruppierungen – Alternative socialiste verte et groupements féministes

name_ascii:
Feministische und gruen-alternative Gruppierungen -- Alternative socialiste verte et groupements feministes


name_short: FI-PdL
name_english: Go Italy -- The People of Freedom
name: Forza Italia – Il Popolo della Libertà
name_ascii: Forza Italia -- Il Popolo della Liberta
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_Italia
comment:
PdL was initially a federation launched on 18 November 2007 and later a political party founded on 27 March 2009 and dissolved on 16 November 2013. It formed a parliamentary group after the 2008 election.


name_short: KPD
name_english: Communist Party of Germany
name: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
name_ascii: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Communist_Party
description:
Party was banned on 17 August 1956 and formed the German Communist Party (DKP) on 25 September 1968.


name_short: PD
name_english: Progressive Democrats
name: Progressive Democrats
name_ascii: Progressive Democrats
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Democrats
data_source: iris, times
description:
Party was announced on 21 December 1985 by Desmond O'Malley, a former Fianna Fail minister of justice.
Dissolution of the PD was announced in the Iris Oifigiúil (Irish State News) on 20 November 2009.


name_short: L
name_english: The Consolidation
name: Likud
name_ascii: Likud
name_nonlatin: הַלִּכּוּד
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud
description:
Party formed in 1973 as a merger of Herut (Herut), the Liberal Party (MiHal), the Free Centre (MeHo), the National List (RM) and the Movement for Greater Israel.


name_short: PCF
name_english: French Communist Party
name: Parti communiste française
name_ascii: Parti communiste francais
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Communist_Party
comment:
Since 2009 part of Front de gauche (Left Front) electoral alliance: Parti de gauche (Left Party): Gauche unitaire (Unitarian Left), Parti communiste française (French Communist Party) 


name_short: PvdA
name_english: Labour Party
name: Partij van de Arbeid
name_ascii: Partij van de Arbeid
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28Netherlands%29
description:
Party formed on 02 September 1946 as a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

comment:
Coded as new party because (largest) predecessor party won less than 75% of the combined vote based on 1937 election results.


name_short: OF
name_english: Civic Forum
name: Obcanské fórum
name_ascii: Obcanske forum
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Forum
comment:
composed of: ASD Asociace socialnich demokratu (Association of Social Democrats), ODA Obcanska demokraticka alliance (Civic Democratic Alliance) KAN Klub Neangaych Nestaniku (Policitally Involved Non-Party Members Club) HOS Hnuté Za Obcanskou Svobodu (Mo


name_short: GL
name_english: GreenLeft
name: GroenLinks
name_ascii: GroenLinks
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groen_Links
description:
Party formed on 1 March 1989 as a merger of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), the Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP), the Political Party of Radicals (PPR), and the Evangelical People's Party.


name_short: B90/Gru
name_english: Alliance 90 / Greens
name: Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen
name_ascii: Buendnis 90 / Die Gruenen
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens
data_source: phb
description:
New party formed on 12/13 January 1980 at a party congress in Karlsruhe (Stöss 1986, 1581).
Merged with Alliance 90 / Greens -- Citizens' Movement (B90/Gr) from East Germany on 14 May 1993.


name_short: ODS
name_english: United Democratic Forces
name: Obedineni Demokratichni Sili
name_ascii: Obedineni Demokratichni Sili
name_nonlatin: Обединени Демократични Сили
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)
comment:
„The coalition United Democratic Forces (UDF) (Obedineni Demokratichni Sili, ODS) was founded in June 1996 to nominate a candidate for Bulgaria's presidential elections. In the period between August 1996 and February 1997, members of the coalition included the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), the People's Union, and MRF” (Bugajski 2002, 794–795).


name_short: WASG
name_english: Labour and Social Justice -- The Electoral Alternative
name: Arbeit & soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative
name_ascii: Arbeit & soziale Gerechtigkeit -- Die Wahlalternative
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Justice_%E2%80%93_The_Electoral_Alternative
data_source: ddp
comment: Inclusion rule: winning 2 seats in an election as a member of an electoral alliance
description:
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative (WASG) was formed on 22 January 2005 by former Social Democrats (SPD) and union members.
WASG candidates won seats on PDS lists in the 2005 election and formed a joint parliamentary group.


name_short: K
name_english: Komeito Party
name: Kōmeitō
name_ascii: Komeito
name_nonlatin: 公明党
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Komeito_Party
description:
New party formed in 1964.
Party was officially dissolved on 5 November 1994 but reformed on 7 November 1998.

comment:
Komeito Party and New Komeito coded as one party because it presents itself as such in the online presentation of its history.


name_short: LCS
name_english: Centre Union of Lithuania
name: Lietuvos centro sąjunga
name_ascii: Lietuvos centro sajunga
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Union_of_Lithuania
description:
New party formed in 1992.
Party merged into Liberal and Centre Union (LiCS) in 2003 but a minority faction reformed the party.


name_short: NLP
name_english: New Labour Party
name: New Labour Party
name_ascii: New Labour Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewLabour_Party_%28New_Zealand%29
data_source: nzhe, nzpa
description:
Former Labour MP Jim Anderton formed the New Labour Party on 1 May 1989. It was a founding member of the Alliance on 1 December 1991 and formally merged on 13 October 2000.


name_short: PD-L
name_english: Democratic Liberal Party
name: Partidul Democrat-Liberal
name_ascii: Partidul Democrat-Liberal
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_%28Romania%29
data_source: afp
description:
Democratic Party (PD) and Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) announced their merger on 15 December 2007 and formed the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L) (AFP).


name_short: CD+NVA
name_english: Christian-Democrat and Flemish / New Flemish Alliance
name: Christen-Democratisch & Vlaams / Nieuw-Vlaams Alliantie
name_ascii: Christen-Democratisch & Vlaams / Nieuw-Vlaams Alliantie
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_Christian_Democratic_Party
description:
Christian-Democrats (CD&V) and New Flemish Alliance (NVA) formed a cartel for European Parliament and regional elections on 13 June 2004 and for the national election on 10 June 2007. The two parties formed a joined parliamentary group after the 2007 election from which the New Flemish Alliance (NVA) withdrew on 21 September 2008.


name_short: Sam
name_english: Social Democratic Alliance
name: Samfylkingin
name_ascii: Samfylkingin
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_%28Iceland%29
description:
Party formed on 05 May 2000 as a merger of The National Awakening, the People's Alliance, the Social Democratic Party and the Women's List.


name_short: Mi
name_english: Middle Parties
name: Mittenpartierna
name_ascii: Mittenpartierna
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisk_mitt
description:
Electoral alliance (regional) between Folkpartiet (Liberals) and Centerpartiet (Centre Party) in Gotland constituency and the four-cities constituency (Urwin 1970, 78).


name_short: SP
name_english: Socialist Party
name: Socialist Party
name_ascii: Socialist Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Ireland)
description:
Socialist Party (SP) formed in 1996 by members of the Militant Tendency. They were expelled from the Labour Party in 1989.


name_short: MIS
name_english: Movement for the Independence of Sicily
name: Movimento Indipendentista Siciliano
name_ascii: Movimento Indipendentista Siciliano
wikipedia:
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_Indipendentista_Siciliano#Assemblea_Costituente_.281946-1948.29


name_short: Emp
name_english: Independent Muslim Lists
name: Empistosύnh (Rodόph)
name_ascii: Empistosunh (Rodoph)
name_nonlatin: Εμπιστοσύνη (Ροδόπη)
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Muslim_List
description: New party formed in 1985.
comment:
"Lists representing the Turkish-speaking Muslim minority in two districts in Thrace." (Mackie and Rose 1991)


name_short: G
name_english: Gaullists
name: Gaulliste
name_ascii: Gaulliste
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaullist_Party
description: New party formed on 14 April 1947.
comment:
1946 Union gaulliste
1951 Rassemblement du peuple français
1956 Républicains sociaux
1958 Union pour la nouvelle république (UNR), Centre de la Reforme republicaine, Renouveau et fidelité, and independent Gaullist candidates
1962 UNR and Union démocratique du travail (UDT)
1967 UNR and Union démocratique du travail (UDT)
1968 Union pour la défence de la république
(Mackie and Rose 1991, 142)


name_short: TPSL
name_english: Social Democratic League of Workers and Smallholders
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Union_of_Workers_and_Smallholders
data_source: edu, jacobs, rferl
name:
Tyäväen ja Pienviljelijäin Sosialdemokraattinen Liitto – Arbetarnas och Småbrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Förbund

name_ascii:
Tyavaen ja Pienviljelijain Sosialdemokraattinen Liitto -- Arbetarnas och Smabrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Forbund

description:
The Social Democratic (SSDP) split internally over the election of a new chairman at a party congress on 21 April 1957. Some MPs formed the Independent Social Democrats (Sosialidemokraattinen riippumaton) parliamentary group on 26 March 1958 and run as Social Democratic Opposition (Sosialidemokraattisen opposition) in the 1958 election. The party was formed by establishing a parliamentary group under its name on 6 March 1959.


name_short: VL
name_english: Liberal League
name: Vapaamielisten Liitto – De Frisinnades Förbund
name_ascii: Vapaamielisten Liitto -- De Frisinnades Forbund
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_League_%28Finland%29
data_source: jacobs, mchale, toer68
description:
Liberal League (VI) usually allied with the National Coalition (KOK) in the elections between 1951 and 1962 (Törnudd 1968, 95).


name_short: NFP
name_english: New Frontier Party
name: Shinshin-to
name_ascii: Shinshin-to
name_nonlatin: 新進党
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Frontier_Party
data_source: afp
description:
New Frontier Party (NFP) split into six parties following its dissolution on 27 December 1997 (AFP).


name_short: GLEI
name_english: Green Left Ecological Initiative
name: Greng Lëscht Ekologesch Initiativ
name_ascii: Greng Lescht Ekologesch Initiativ
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greens_%28Luxembourg%29
description:
Green Alternative (GAP) split in 1985 and Green Left Ecological Initiative (GLEI) was led by Jup Weber.
GAP and GLEI merged in 1995 but MEP Weber left Green Group on 10 October 1995 and later formed Green and Liberal Alliance (GLA).


name_short: KzB|DL
name_english: Coalition for Bulgaria | Democratic Left
name: Koalitsiya za Balgariya | Demokratichna Levitsa
name_ascii: Koalitsiya za Balgariya | Demokratichna Levitsa
name_nonlatin: Коалиция за България | Демократична левица
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_for_Bulgaria
description:
Coalition for Bulgaria | Democratic Left (KzB|DL) is an electoral alliance led by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP).


name_short: LDP
name_english: Liberal Democratic Party
name: Jiyū Minshutō
name_ascii: Jiyu Minshuto
name_nonlatin: 自由民主党
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_%28Japan%29
data_source: nyt
description:
Party formed on 15 November 1955 as a merger of the Liberal Party (LP) and the Japan Democratic Party (JDP).


name_short: CU
name_english: ChristianUnion
name: ChristenUnie
name_ascii: ChristenUnie
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChristianUnion
description:
Party formed on 22 February 2000 as a merger of the Reformed Political Alliance (GPV) and Reformatory Political Federation (RPF).


name_short: KE|SLK
name_english: National Progressive Party | [Finnish] Liberal People's Party
name: Kansallinen Edistyspuolue | [Suomen] Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue
name_ascii: Kansallinen Edistyspuolue | [Suomen] Liberaalinen Kansanpuolue
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberals_%28Finland%29
data_source: jacobs, mchale
description:
National Progressive Party (KE) split in 1951 with a majority forming the Finnish People's Party (SK) and a Conservative Liberal minority forming the Liberal League (VL) (Jacobs 1989, 540). The two parties merged again and formed the Liberal People's Party (LKP) on 29 December 1965 (McHale 1983, 214). 


name_short: KDU-CSL
name_english: Christian Democratic Union -- People's Party
name: Křesťanská a demokratická unie – Československá strana lidová
name_ascii: Krest'anska a demokraticka unie -- Ceskoslovenska strana lidova
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_-_Czechoslovak_People%27s_Party
description: New party formed on 03 January 1919.
comment:
Coded as new party because no party that merged into the KDU-CSL was coded in ParlGov and all got dissolved in 1919.


name_short: SK
name_english: Blue Coalition
name: Sinyata Koalitsiya
name_ascii: Sinyata Koalitsiya
name_nonlatin: Синята коалиция
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Coalition
data_source: bta
description:
Electoral alliance of Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) and the Democrats for Strong Bulgaria (DSB) under the name Blue Coalition (BC) was announced on 16 April 2009. UDF withdrew from the alliance on 15 May 2012 (BTA).


name_short: CPC
name_english: Conservative Party of Canada
name: Conservative Party of Canada
name_ascii: Conservative Party of Canada
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada
description:
Party formed on 7 December 2003 as a merger of the Canadian Alliance (CA) and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PCP).


name_short: MWP
name_english: Malta Workers' Party
name: Malta Workers' Party
name_ascii: Malta Workers' Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_Workers_Party
comment:
Formed in October 1949 by Dr. Paul Boffa, the former leader of the Labour Party. (Mackie/Rose 1991, 313)


name_short: KPEiR-RP
name_english: National Agreement of Pensioners and Retired of the Republic Poland
name: Krajowe Porozumienie Emerytów i Rencistów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
name_ascii: Krajowe Porozumienie Emerytow i Rencistow Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
description: New party formed on 13 July 1997.
wikipedia:
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajowe_Porozumienie_Emeryt%C3%B3w_i_Rencist%C3%B3w_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej


name_short: SA-S
name_english: United Socialist Party
name: Sameiningarflokkur alþýðu – Sósíalistaflokkurinn
name_ascii: Sameiningarflokkur althyou -- Sosialistaflokkurinn
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Unity_Party_%E2%80%93_Socialist_Party
comment:
"Sameiningarflokkur alþýðu – Sósíalistaflokkurinn" Literal translation: "The Uniting Party of the People" [personal communication with Svanur Kristjansson (University of Iceland) March 2014]


name_short: CD
name_english: Centre Democrats
name: Centrumdemokraterne
name_ascii: Centrumdemokraterne
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CentrumDemokraterne
comment: European People's Party (EP group) used for party family classification.
description:
Party formed by Social Democrats (Sd) MP Erhard Jakobsen in 1973 to "eliminate 'leftist domination' in government" (NYT 1973-12-05).
Party was dissolved on 1 February 2008.


name_short: Ab
name_english: People's Alliance
name: Alþýðubandalagið
name_ascii: Althydubandalagid
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_%28Iceland%29
data_source: pc
comment: Personal communication with Svanur Kristjansson (University of Iceland) March 2014.
description:
People's Alliance was established in 1956 and the parties forming the alliance worked together as one parliamentary group.


name_short: NCP
name_english: New Conservative Party
name: Hoshu Shintō
name_ascii: Hoshu Shinto
name_nonlatin: 保守新党
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Conservative_Party
data_source: afp, kyodo
description:
Party split from Liberal Party (LP) on 3 April 2000.
Joined Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on 17 November 2003.


name_short: POP
name_english: Constitutional People's Party
name: Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue – Konstitutionella högerpartiet
name_ascii: Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue -- Konstitutionella hogerpartiet
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Right_Party
data_source: jacobs, rpfi
description:
Splinter group from the Swedish Peoples Party (RKP-SFP) registered on 24 October 1973 and was removed from the party register on 10 October 1991.


name_short: POLAN
name_english: Political Spring
name: Politiki Anixi
name_ascii: Politiki Anixi
name_nonlatin: Πολιτική Άνοιξη
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Spring
data_source: ata, reuters
description:
Party formed on 30 June 1993 by Antonis Samaras a former foreign minister and member of New Democracy (ND).
Samaras reintegrated the party into New Democracy (ND), endorsed it in the 2004 EP election and  became an MEP on 20 June 2004.


name_short: CNIP
name_english: National Centre of Independents and Peasants [Conservatives]
name: Centre national des indépendants et paysans
name_ascii: Centre national des independants et paysans
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants
comment:
Due to the change of sources from Mackie/Rose (1991) to Nohlen/Stöver (2010) with the 1978 elections the tracking of the results for the CNIP becomes blurred. From 1986 on CNIP is coded as part of 'divers right' parties (droite).  


name_short: Meretz
name_english: Energy
name: Meretz
name_ascii: Meretz
name_nonlatin: מֶרֶצ
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERETZ
description:
Alliance formed on 03 September 1992 as a merger of Movement for Civil Rights and Peace (Ratz), United Workers Party (Mapam), and Change (Shinui). In 1997, the alliance turned into an official party with part of Shinui splitting again. 


name_short: PVV
name_english: Party for Freedom
name: Partij voor de Vrijheid
name_ascii: Partij voor de Vrijheid
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_for_Freedom
description:
Party formed on 22 February 2006 as a split from the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) by Geert Wilders as a one-man faction group.


name_short: DVU
name_english: German People's Union
name: Deutsche Volksunion
name_ascii: Deutsche Volksunion
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Volksunion
description:
Party was formed on 16 January 1971 as a registered association and formally founded as a party on 5 March 1987.


name_short: GERB
name_english: Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria
name: Grazhdani za Evropeysko Razvitie na Balgariya
name_ascii: Grazhdani za Evropeysko Razvitie na Balgariya
name_nonlatin: Граждани за европейско развитие на България
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_for_European_Development_of_Bulgaria
description:
Party formed on 03 December 2006 as split from National Movement Simeon II (NDSV) by Bojko Borrisow.


name_short: Green
name_english: Green Party
name: Green Party – Comhaontas Glas
name_ascii: Green Party -- Comhaontas Glas
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_%28Ireland%29
description: New party formed in 1981.
comment:
"The Green party in Ireland's official name is 'Green Party-Comhaontas Glas'. This unusual arrangement was meant to give parity to the languages. See Article 1 of the party's Constitution." (Conor Little, European University Institute, Florence; personal communication, October, 2009)


name_short: GDP
name_english: All-German Party
name: Gesamtdeutsche Partei
name_ascii: Gesamtdeutsche Partei
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesamtdeutsche_Partei
data_source: phb
description:
Merger of GB/BHE and DP that formed on 15/16 April 1961 but dissolved quickly after an unsuccessful 1961 election campaign.


name_short: CDU+CSU
name_english: Christian Democratic Union / Christian Social Union
name: Christlich Demokratische Union / Christlich Soziale Union
name_ascii: Christlich Demokratische Union / Christlich Soziale Union
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDU/CSU
description:
Electoral alliance and joint parliamentary group ('Fraktionsgemeinschaft'). The parties run independently in elections but do not compete at the state level. The CSU runs only in Bavaria and the CDU in all other German states.


name_short: ALO
name_english: Alternative List Austria
name: Alternative Liste Österreichs
name_ascii: Alternative Liste Oesterreichs
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_Liste_%C3%96sterreichs
description: New party formed on 21 March 1982.
comment:
Party run as Green Alternatives-Democratic List (GAL) in 1986 election winning only 0.1% vote share.


name_short: DFP
name_english: Democratic Progressive Party
name: Demokratische Fortschrittliche Partei
name_ascii: Demokratische Fortschrittliche Partei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_(Austria)
comment:
"one-person protest movement", "populist program", "employed ultranationalist (and even anti-Semitic) appeals" (McHale 1983, 35)


name_short: ELAM
name_english: National Popular Front
name: Ethniko Laiko Metopo
name_ascii: Ethniko Laiko Metopo
name_nonlatin: Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELAM_%28Cyprus%29
description: Party formed in 2008. It existed previously as Golden Dawn Cyprus Branch.
comment:
No party name change coded due to lack of information about foundation date of Golden Dawn Cyprus Branch and because election results are only included after 2008 in ParlGov.


name_short: S+G+R
name_english: Reformatory Political Federation / Reformed Political League / Political Reformed Party
name:
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij / Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond / Reformatorische Politieke Federatie

name_ascii:
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij / Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond / Reformatorische Politieke Federatie


name_short: Ref
name_english: Reformists
name: Reformadores
name_ascii: Reformadores
data_source: mackie
description:
"A group formed by two former leading members of the Socialist Party, political notables who failed to establish themselves as an organised political party." (Mackie and Rose 1991, 379).


name_short: SF
name_english: Socialist People's Party
name: Sosialistisk Folkeparti
name_ascii: Sosialistisk Folkeparti
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Party_%28Norway%29
data_source: snl
description:
Party formed in April 1961 as split from Labour Party (DNA) in opposition to the party's pro-NATO position.


name_short: ETE
name_english: Estonian Farmers Party
name: Eesti Talurahva Erakond
name_ascii: Eesti Talurahva Erakond
wikipedia: https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_Talurahva_Erakond
description:
New party formed on 5 November 1994 and registered on 30 November (Bugajski 2002, 69).
Joined People's Party (R) in May 1998.


name_short: UAP
name_english: United Australia Party
name: United Australia Party
name_ascii: United Australia Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Australia_Party
description:
United Australia Party (UAP) was formed by a merger of Nationalist Party of Australia (NAP) and Labor Party (ALP) defectors.


name_short: RP
name_english: Reform Party
name: Reformu partija
name_ascii: Reformu partija
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_Party_(Latvia)
description:
New party formed on 23 July 2011.
Party did not participate in the 2014 election because of an electoral pact with Unity.


name_short: RP
name_english: Your (Palikot's) Movement
name: Twój Ruch (Palikota)
name_ascii: Twoj Ruch (Palikota)
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palikot%27s_Movement
data_source: pr
description:
Founded by former Citizen's Platform (PO) MP Janusz Palikot and officially registered on 1 June 2011.


name_short: LIPA
name_english: Party Lime Tree
name: Stranka Lipa
name_ascii: Stranka Lipa
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipa_(political_party)
description:
Party formed on 1 March 2008 by former Slovenia National Party (SNS) MPs (Sašo Peče, Barbara Žgajner Tavš and Boštjan Zagorac).


name_short: GV
name_english: Grutli Society
name: Grütliverein – Grutléen
name_ascii: Gruetli Society -- Grutleen
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCtliverein
description:
New party formed in 1901. 
The Grütli Society was originally a Workers Association, founded in 1838 and merged with the Social Democratic Party in 1901, but kept the status of an autonomous organisation. The formal dissolution was in 1925, when the Grütli Society entirely merged with the Social Democratic Party.


name_short: DLP
name_english: Democratic Labour Party
name: Democratic Labour Party
name_ascii: Democratic Labour Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_%28New_Zealand%29
data_source: nyt
description:
John A. Lee, an undersecretary, was expelled from the Labour party on 25 March 1940 (NYT) and formed Democratic Labour party (Aimer 1985, 850).


name_short: DK
name_english: Democratic Coalition
name: Demokratikus Koalíció
name_ascii: Demokratikus Koalicio
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_%28Hungary%29
data_source: pol-hu
description:
Party formed on 22 October 2011 as split from the Hungarian Socialist Party (MZSP) by former PM Ferenc Gyurcsány. 10 MZSP MPs formed a new party group in parliament.


name_short: Mana
name_english: Mana Party
name: Mana Party
name_ascii: Mana Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mana_Party_%28New_Zealand%29
data_source: ec-nz, nz-parl
description:
MP Harawira left the Māori Party on 23 February 2011 and later formed the Mana Party on 7 May (New Zealand Parliament). It was registred on 24 June (Electoral Commission).


name_short: CP
name_english: Conservatice Party of New Zealand
name: Conservative Party of New Zealand
name_ascii: Conservative Party of New Zealand
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_Zealand
data_source: ec-nz, nzhe
description:
New party announced by Colin Craig on 3 August 2011 (The New Zealand Herald) and registered on 6 October (Electoral Commission).


name_short: DL
name_english: Civic List
name: Državljanska lista
name_ascii: Drzavljanska lista
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Virant%27s_Civic_List
description:
New party formed 21 October 2011 as Gregor Virant's Civic List (Državljanska lista Gregorja Viranta) by former minister Gregor Virant for the 2011 election.
It was renamed into Citizens' List (Državljanska lista) on 24 April 2012.


name_short: STAN
name_english: Mayors and Independents
name: Starostové a nezávislí
name_ascii: Starostove a nezavisli
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayors_and_Independents
description: New party formed on 19 August 2004.
comment:
STAN grew out of NSK (Nezávislí starostové pro kraj, Independent Mayors for the Region) which did not comply with the coding requirements for ParlGov. Therefore coded as new party.


name_short: no-seat
name_english: no seat
name: no seat
name_ascii: no seat
description: Largest party that won no seats in an election and less than one percent vote share.
comment:
Only coded if there are no other observations for the party. Party name included in 'description' of election result.


name_short: PNL-C
name_english: National Liberal Party Campeanu
name: Partidul National Liberal Campeanu
name_ascii: Partidul National Liberal Campeanu
wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Romania#National_Liberal_Party-C.C3.A2mpeanu


name_short: LIDEM
name_english: LIDEM -- Liberal Democrats
name: LIDEM – liberální demokraté
name_ascii: LIDEM -- liberalni demokrate
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIDEM
data_source: ctk
description:
The party was initiated by Karolína Peake after she and seven other MPs broke away from Public Affairs (VV) on 17 April 2012 over disapproval of the party's direction. The party was registered on 29 May.


name_short: EuCon
name_english: Pro-Euro Conservative Party
name: Pro-Euro Conservative Party
name_ascii: Pro-Euro Conservative Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-Euro_Conservative_Party
data_source: reuters
description:
The party was registered on 10 March 1999 by two MEPs (Brendan Donnelly and John Stevens) that were formerly members of the Conservatives.


name_short: PR
name_english: Peace and Reform
name: Heiwa Kaikaku
name_ascii: Heiwa Kaikaku
data_source: kyodo
description:
Peace and Reform (HK) parliamentary group was announced on 5 January 1998. It was formed by 
New Peace Party (Shinto Heiwa) and Reform Club (Kaikaku), two splinter parties from the New Frontier Party (NFP) breakup.


name_short: PLFP
name_english: People's Life First Party
name: Kokumin no Seikatsu ga Daiichi | Seikatsu no Tō
name_ascii: Kokumin no Seikatsu ga Daiichi | Seikatsu no To
name_nonlatin: 国民の生活が第 | 生活の党
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Japan,_2016)
data_source: yomiuri
description:
Several MPs followed Ichiro Ozawa and left the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) on 2 July 2012 to form Putting People's Lives First (PPLF) on 12 July.
Party split on 27 December 2012 into People's Life Party (Seikatsu no Tō · 生活の党) and Tomorrow Party of Japan (Nippon Mirai no Tō · 日本未来の党).


name_short: RP
name_english: Referendum Party
name: Referendum Party
name_ascii: Referendum Party
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum_Party
data_source: afp
description:
New party announced on 27 November 1994 by Sir James Goldsmith, a Euro-sceptic Anglo-French millionaire.


name_short: 50+
name_english: 50PLUS
name: 50PLUS
name_ascii: 50PLUS
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50PLUS
description: Party formed in 2009.
comment:
Party was formed by Jan Nagel, a Labour (PvdA) MP in the 1980s, who formed several other parties after leaving Labour (PvdA).


name_short: TS
name_english: Team Stronach
name: Team Stronach
name_ascii: Team Stronach
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_Stronach
data_source: apa
description:
New party formed on 25 September 2012 gaining parliamentary status on 8 November 2012 after five BZÖ MPs crossed the floor.


name_short: KR
name_english: Coalition of the Rose
name: Koalitsiya na Rozata
name_ascii: Koalitsiya na Rozata
name_nonlatin: Коалиция на розата
wikipedia:
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0


name_short: NV
name_english: New Times
name: Novoto vreme
name_ascii: Novoto vreme
name_nonlatin: Новото време
description: Party formed on July 10 2004 as split from National Movement Simeon II (NDSV).
comment: recorded as green party family since it originated in a left-libertarian movement
wikipedia:
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5_%28%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%29


name_short: BF
name_english: Bright Future
name: Björt framtíð
name_ascii: Bjort framtid
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright_Future_(Iceland)
description:
Party formed on 4 February 2012 by MPs from Progressive Party (F) and Social Democratic Alliance (Sam).


name_short: Dawn
name_english: Dawn -- Organization of justice, fairness and democracy
name: Dögun – stjórnmálasamtök um réttlæti, sanngirni og lýðræði
name_ascii: Dogun -- stjornmalasamtok um rettlaeti, sanngirni og lydraedi
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_(Iceland)
description:
Party formed as merger of The Movement, Citizens' Movement and Liberal Party to run in the 2013 election.


name_short: SF
name_english: Sinn Fein
name: Sinn Féin
name_ascii: Sinn Fein
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in
data_source: gall-09
comment:
After the party split in 1970 both splinters claimed the name Sinn Féin. Provisional Sinn Féin is the unofficial name of the party. The other splinter party later changed its name to Workers Party.


name_short: SCPZR
name_english: Czechoslovak Businessmen's, Traders' and Farmers' Party
name: Strana československých podnikatelů, živnostníků a rolníků
name_ascii: Strana ceskoslovenskych podnikatelu, zivnostniku a rolniku
data_source: no-2010
description: New party formed on 15 January 1992.
wikipedia:
http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strana_%C4%8Deskoslovensk%C3%BDch_podnikatel%C5%AF,_%C5%BEivnostn%C3%ADk%C5%AF_a_roln%C3%ADk%C5%AF


name_short: CeD
name_english: Centre Right
name: Centre-droit
name_ascii: Centre-droit
comment:
Proxy party for centre right alliances that formed for nearly all post-war elections. Short name (CeD) remains the same over all observations to simplify recognition of the alliance.


name_short: CeG
name_english: Centre Left
name: Centre-gauche
name_ascii: Centre-gauche
comment:
Proxy party for centre left alliances that formed for nearly all post-war elections. Short name (CeG) remains the same over all observations to simplify recognition of the alliance.


name_short: AfD
name_english: Alternative for Germany
name: Alternative für Deutschland
name_ascii: Alternative fuer Deutschland
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany
description: New party formed on 6 February 2013.
comment:
Some of the founders of the party were former CDU members without any major role in the party. Hence, the party is coded as a new party.


name_short: NCD
name_english: New Centre-Right | Popular Alternative
name: Nuovo Centrodestra | Alternativa Popolare
name_ascii: Nuovo Centrodestra | Alternativa Popolare
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Centre-right
data_source: reuters
description:
Party formed by The People of Freedom (PdL) dissidents under Angelino Alfano on 15 November 2013 and forming a party group in parliament on 18 November 2013.


name_short: GDR
name_english: Democratic and Republican Left
name: Gauche démocrate et républicaine
name_ascii: Gauche democrate et republicaine
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauche_d%C3%A9mocrate_et_r%C3%A9publicaine
description: Parliamentary group formed in 2007.
comment:
Party created to include the parliamentary group 'Gauche démocrate et républicaine' that formed in the 13th legislature. The parliamentary group included legislators belonging to the Communist Party, The Greens and miscellaneous left parties.
In the 14th legislature the group included the Communist Party as well as miscellaneous left parties.


name_short: UDI
name_english: Union of Democrats and Independents
name: Union des démocrates et indépendants
name_ascii: Union des democrates et independants
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents
description: Party formed on 18 September 2012.
comment:
Party created to include the parliamentary group Union des démocrates et indépendants that formed in the 14th legislature. The parliamentary group included legislators belonging to the Centrist Alliance, the National Centre of Independents and Peasants, the New Centre and the Radical Party.


name_short: RDA
name_english: African Democratic Rally
name: Rassemblement démocratique Africain
name_ascii: Rassemblement democratique Africain
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassemblement_D%C3%A9mocratique_Africain
description: Party formed in 1946.
comment:
Party created to include the parliamentary group Groupe de l'Union démocratique et socialiste de la Résistance et du Rassemblement Démocratique Africain that formed in the second and third legislature. The parliamentary group included legislators from the French African colonies. 


name_short: IOM
name_english: Overseas Independents
name: Indépendants d'outre-mer
name_ascii: Independants d'outre-mer
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendants_d'outre-mer
description: Parliamentary group formed in 1946.
comment:
Party coded to include the parliamentary group Indépendants d'outre-mer that formed in the second and third legislature and included independent members of the Assenblée nationale from the overseas territories.


name_short: TPA
name_english: Three Parties Alliance -- Third Force
name: Tripartisme – Troisième force
name_ascii: Tripartisme -- Troisieme force
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-parties
description:
Originally the Third Force was a coalition of the Communist Party (PCF), the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) and the Socialist Party (SFIO).
In 1947 the Communist Party (PCF) left the coalition and the National Centre of Independents (CNIP), the Rally of Republican Lefts (RGR), the Radical Socialist Party (PRR/RS) and the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR) joined it instead. The coalition was renamed Third Force.


name_short: one-seat
name_english: one seat
name: one seat
name_ascii: one seat
description: Parties that won one seat in a single election and less than one percent vote share.
comment:
Only coded if there are no other observations for the parties. Party names included in 'description' of election result.


name_short: HADEP
name_english: People's Democracy Party
name: Halkın Demokrasi Partisi
name_ascii: Halkin Demokrasi Partisi
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party
comment: Proxy party to avoid multiple observations.
description:
HEP was formed as a splinter from SHP on 7 June 1990.
HEP was banned on 14 July 1993.
DEP was banned on 16 June 1994.
HADEP was banned on 13 March 2003.
DEHAP and DTH merged into DTP on 17 August 2005.
DTP was banned on 11 December 2009. 


name_short: MLH
name_english: New Liberal Party
name: Miflaga Libralit Hadasha
name_ascii: Miflaga Libralit Hadasha
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Liberal_Party_(Israel)
data_source: knesset
description:
The New Liberal Party disappeared after failing to cross the electoral threshold in the Knesset election of 1992.


name_short: MJ
name_english: Debating Society of Social Democrats
name: Málfundafélag jafnaðarmanna
name_ascii: Malfundafelag jafnadarmanna
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Valdimarsson
data_source: pc
comment: personal communication with Svanur Kristjansson (University of Iceland) March 2014
description:
Social democratic splinter group named "Debating Society of Social Democrats" and led by Hannibal Valdimarsson.


name_short: OL
name_english: Jewish Power
name: Otzma Leyisrael
name_ascii: Otzma Leyisrael
name_nonlatin: עוֹצְמָה יְהוּדִית
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otzma_LeYisrael
data_source: knesset
description:
Party formed on 13 November 2012 as a split of the National Union (HaLe--T) by MKs Aryeh Eldad and Michael Ben-Ari.


name_short: I-TJM
name_english: Independent -- Thomas (TJ) Maher
name: Independent – Thomas (TJ) Maher
name_ascii: Independent -- Thomas (TJ) Maher
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._J._Maher
comment:
MEP with no party affiliation winning a seat in the Munster district in EP elections 1979, 1984, 1989.


name_short: I-MH
name_english: Independent -- Marian Harkin
name: Independent – Marian Harkin
name_ascii: Independent -- Marian Harkin
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Harkin
comment:
MEP with no party affiliation winning a seat in the North West district in EP elections 2004, 2009, 2014.


name_short: EEP
name_english: Greek European Citizens
name: Ellines Eyropaioi Polites
name_ascii: Ellines Eyropaioi Polites
name_nonlatin: Έλληνες Ευρωπαίοι Πολίτες
data_source: ana, mig
description: New party formed on 23 January 2014.
wikipedia:
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82


name_short: EPL
name_english: Union for the Homeland and the People
name: Enosi Gia Tin Patrida Kai Ton Lao
name_ascii: Enosi Gia Tin Patrida Kai Ton Lao
name_nonlatin: Ένωση για την Πατρίδα και τον Λαό
data_source: mig
description: New party formed on 6 February 2014.
wikipedia:
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8C


name_short: Atid
name_english: Future
name: Atid
name_ascii: Atid
name_nonlatin: עתיד‎
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atid_%28political_party%29
data_source: knesset
comment: Included because of Peres II cabinet support.
description:
Party formed on 27 November 1995 with Alex Goldfarb as Deputy Minister of Housing and Construction in Peres cabinet.


name_short: ARS
name_english: Republican and Social Action
name: Action républicaine et sociale
name_ascii: Action republicaine et sociale
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_and_Social_Action
description:
Rally of the French People (RPF) MPs supported PM Pinay in a confidence vote on 6 March 1952 and formed a parliamentary group.


name_short: ABV
name_english: Alternative for Bulgarian Revival
name: Alternativa za balgarsko vazrazhdane
name_ascii: Alternativa za balgarsko vazrazhdane
name_nonlatin: Алтернатива за българско възраждане
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_for_Bulgarian_Revival
data_source: reuters
description:
Party fomed on 25 January as a split of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) by former PM Georgi Parvanov.


name_short: I-NC
name_english: Independent -- Nessa Childers
name: Independent – Nessa Childers
name_ascii: Independent -- Nessa Childers
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessa_Childers
description:
MEP Nessa Childers left the Labour Party on 5 April 2013 and won a seat in the Dublin district in the EP election 2014.


name_short: D21
name_english: Movement 21
name: Dvizhenie 21
name_ascii: Dvizhenie 21
name_nonlatin: Движение 21
data_source: bta
wikipedia:
http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0


name_short: Tel
name_english: Dot -- Apostolos Gkletsos
name: Teleia – Apostolos Gkletsos
name_ascii: Teleia -- Apostolos Gkletsos
name_nonlatin: Τελεία πολιτικό κόμμα)
data_source: ana
description: New party formed on 15 December 2015
wikipedia:
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1_%28%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%29


name_short: one-seat
name_english: one seat
name: one seat
name_ascii: one seat
description: Parties that won one seat in a single election and less than one percent vote share.
comment:
Only coded if there are no other observations for the parties. Party names included in 'description' of election result. 


name_short: ONV
name_english: National Independent Union
name: Onofhängeg National Vereenegung
name_ascii: Onofhangeg National Vereenegung
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Independent_Union
data_source: no-2010
comment:
ONV, NU, O amd OP were all led by Hubert Loutsch and Jean-Pierre Kohner and are therefore coded as one party (Nohlen and Stöver 2010: 1249). 


name_short: BMP
name_english: Party of Farmers and the Middle Class
name: Baueren- a Mëttelstandspartei
name_ascii: Baueren- a Mettelstandspartei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_Farmers_and_the_Middle_Class
data_source: no-2010
description: IPR/PFMC was led by Eugene Hoffmann, a dissident member of the PR.
comment:
IPR and PFMC were both led by Eugene Hoffmann and are therefore coded as one party (Nohlen and Stöver 2010: 1249). 


name_short: RP
name_english: Reconstruction Party of Canada
name: Reconstruction Party of Canada
name_ascii: Reconstruction Party of Canada
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstruction_Party_of_Canada
description:
Reconstruction Party of Canada (RP) was founded by Henry Herbert Stevens, a former member of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC). Reconstruction Party of Canada (RP) was dissolved when Henry Herbert Stevens rejoined the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC).


name_short: RepG
name_english: Left Republican
name: Républicaine gauche
name_ascii: Republicaine gauche
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance
description: New party formed on 21 October 1901.
comment:
Party coded as Left Republican based on party name and election results in Nohlen( 2010: 691) [short name RepG] and Mackie/Rose (1991: 144) [Left Republican]. The parties ideological orientation is center/right (Nohlen 2010: 645). In Wikipedia, the party is named Democratic Republican Alliance and its ideology is liberal as well. 


name_short: IA
name_english: Independent Alliance
name: Independent Alliance
name_ascii: Independent Alliance
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Alliance_%28Ireland%29
description: New party (group) formed on 30 March 2015.
comment:
Independent Alliance was not a registered party before the 2016 election. It had a relatively high profile prior to the election, used its brand and it effectively had a lead spokesperson. In the government formation period, was is being treated as a block by the media. [Personal communication with Conor Little (University of Copenhagen) March 2016]


name_short: EER-91
name_english: Estonian Greens -- 1991
name: Eesti Rohelised – 1991
name_ascii: Eesti Rohelised -- 1991
wikipedia: https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_Rohelised
description:
New party formed in 1991.
Greens formed an electoral alliance with Independent Royalist Party (Sõltumatud Kuningriiklased) in 1995 election but won only 0.8% of the vote. Membership was below 1000 in 1998 and party did not participate in 2003 election.


name_short: DENK
name_english: Think
name: Beweging DENK
name_ascii: Beweging DENK
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denk_(political_party)
description:
Party formed on 02 September 2015 by Tunahan Kuzu and Selçuk Öztürk after leaving the Labour Party (PvdA).


name_short: UV|SIN
name_english: New Alternative | Blue Reform
name: Uusi vaihtoehto | Sininen tulevaisuus
name_ascii: Uusi vaihtoehto | Sininen tulevaisuus
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Alternative
description:
The party started as a parliamentary group named New Alternative, which was a secession from the Finns Party faction on 13 June 2017. The group, initially composed only of parliamentarians, formed Blue Reform party on 15 November 2017.


name_short: PLR|ALDE
name_english: Liberal Reformist Party | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
name: Partidul Liberal Reformator | Alianța Liberalilor și Democraților
name_ascii: Partidul Liberal Reformator | Alianta Liberalilor si Democratilor
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_(Romania)
comment: 2015 change coded as one party to avoid high number of short lived parties in ParlGov
description:
Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) formed on 3 July 2014 as a splinter of Partidul National Liberal (PNL).
PLR and Conservative Party (PC) merged into Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) on 19 June 2015.
ALDE joined PNL on 22 March 2022.


name_short: SPD
name_english: Freedom and Direct Democracy
name: Svoboda a přímá demokracie
name_ascii: Svoboda a prima demokracie
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy
description:
Party formed on 05 May 2015 as a split of the Dawn of Direct Democracy (UDP) by MP Tomio Okamura and MP Radim Fiala. 


name_short: CDP
name_english: Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan
name: Rikken Minshutō
name_ascii: Rikken Minshuto
name_nonlatin: 立憲民主党
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Party_of_Japan
description:
Party formed on 3 October 2017 as split from the Democratic Party (Minshintō, DP). Re-foundation on 15 September 2020 due to the merging of a majority of the Democratic Party for the People (DPP) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP).


name_short: SBP
name_english: Styrian Farmers' Party
name: Steirische Bauernpartei
name_ascii: Steirische Bauernpartei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrian_Farmers%27_Party
comment:
"(...) when Landbund was formed, the major part of agrarian parties and groups joined it." (Mulej 2017, 140)


name_short: NDP
name_english: National Democratic Party
name: Nationaldemokratische Partei
name_ascii: Nationaldemokratische Partei
comment:
"the heterogeneous but pronouncedly anti-Semitic Greater German People’s Party (Grossdeutsche Volkspartei), whose key founding group were the Viennese National Democrats (Nationaldemokraten)." (Mulej 2017)


name_short: L
name_english: Rural Federation
name: Landbund für Österreich
name_ascii: Landbund fuer Oesterreich
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbund
description:
Styrian Farmers' Party (Steirische Bauernpartei) and Carinthian Farmers' Association (Kärntner Bauernbund) formed the German-Austrian Peasants' Party (Deutschösterreichische Bauernpartei) on 26 June 1920. The party joined the Germany based National Rural League (Reichs-Landbund) and formed the Rural Federation (Landbund) on 6 December 1922. (Landwehrlen 2009, 25-27)


name_short: DDP
name_english: German Democratic Party
name: Deutsche Demokratische Partei
name_ascii: Deutsche Demokratische Partei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Democratic_Party
description:
New party formed on 20 November 1918.
Party merged with People's National Reich Association (Volksnationale Reichsvereinigung) on 28 July 1930 and formed  German State Party (DStP). This led to many left-wing liberals leaving the party. The merger was reversed on 7 October 1930 but the party kept the new name.


name_short: NSDAP
name_english: National Socialist German Workers' Party
name: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
name_ascii: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Party
description:
New party formed on 1 May 1919 as Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP) and renamed to Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) on 24 February 1920.


name_short: IYI
name_english: Iyi Party
name: İyi Parti
name_ascii: Iyi Parti
name_nonlatin: İyi Parti
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yi_Party
description:
Party was formed by politicans of the MHP defectors, that didn't support a "Yes" in the 2017 constitutional referendum in opposition to MHP leaders.


name_short: BWB
name_english: Farmers and Wine Growers Association
name: Bauern- und Weingärtnerbund
name_ascii: Bauern- und Weingaertnerbund
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Bauern-_und_Weing%C3%A4rtnerbund
description:
Party formed in 1919 as a merger of Württembergischer Bauernbund, founded in 1895, with the Württembergische Kleinbauern- and Weingärtnerbund.


name_short: CNBL
name_english: Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party
name: Christlich-Nationale Bauern- und Landvolkpartei
name_ascii: Christlich-Nationale Bauern- und Landvolkpartei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian-National_Peasants%27_and_Farmers%27_Party
description:
Party split from DNVP, because many members did not agree with Hugenberg's appointment as party chairman.


name_short: VRP
name_english: Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation
name: Reichspartei für Volksrecht und Aufwertung
name_ascii: Reichspartei fuer Volksrecht und Aufwertung
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_Party_for_Civil_Rights_and_Deflation
description:
New party formed on 20 February 1927 with the aim of representing the interests of inflation victims.


name_short: KVP
name_english: Conservative Peoples' Party
name: Konservative Volkspartei
name_ascii: Konservative Volkspartei
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konservative_Volkspartei
description:
Party split from DNVP, as many members did not agree with Hugenberg's appointment as party chairman.


name_short: CNAG
name_english: Christian National Working Group
name: Christlichnationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft
name_ascii: Christlichnationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christlich-Nationale_Arbeitsgemeinschaft
description:
A parliamentary group was formed after several MPs left the DNVP and joined forces with the CNBL.
Members of the group took part in the founding of the CIP and the CSVD.


name_short: KPV-LV
name_english: Who owns the state?
name: Kam pieder valsts?
name_ascii: Kam pieder valsts?
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who_owns_the_state%3F
description:
Party formed on 3 May 2016 by Artuss Kaimiņš a former member of the Latvian Association of Regions (LRa), who left the party in December 2015 and stayed independent until KPV LV was formed.


name_short: Y
name_english: Rightwards
name: Yamina
name_ascii: Yamina
name_nonlatin: ימינה
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Right_(Israel)
data_source: knesset
description:
Electoral alliance formed on 21 February 2019. Dissolved on 10 October 2019 for the first time. Revival of the Alliance on 15 January 2020.


name_short: E-OAD
name_english: Greece, the Other Way
name: Ellada – O Allos Dromos
name_ascii: Ellada -- O Allos Dromos
name_nonlatin: Ελλάδα, ο άλλος δρόμος
data_source: mig
description: Party formed on 28 March 2017 as split from Independent Greeks (ANEL).
wikipedia:
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1,_%CE%BF_%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82


name_short: KU
name_english: Christian Union
name: Kresťanská únia
name_ascii: Krestanska unia
wikipedia: https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kres%C5%A5ansk%C3%A1_%C3%BAnia
data_source: ssr
comment: Legally not a new party but a takeover of a minor existing party.
description:
Party formed on 2 February 2019 as splinter from Christian Democratic Movement (KDU) and Ordinary People and Independent (OLaNO).


name_short: LSDDP
name_english: Social Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania
name: Lietuvos socialdemokratų darbo partija
name_ascii: Lietuvos socialdemokratu darbo partija
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_of_Lithuania
description:
Party formed on 13 April 2018 based on the Social Democratic Labour parliamentary group established on 19 October 2017.


name_short: V
name_english: Vigilants
name: Vigilance
name_ascii: Vigilance
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigilance
description:
New party formed in 1964 and dissolved in 1991. The party had 1 MP between 1975 and 1987 as a member of the Republican Movement (RB) (McHale 1983, 939-40)


name_short: TPJ
name_english: Tomorrow Party of Japan
name: Nippon Mirai no Tō
name_ascii: Nippon Mirai no To
name_nonlatin: 日本未来の党
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow_Party_of_Japan
description:
New party formed on 28 November 2012 by Governor Yukiko Kada (no party affiliation).
Party dissolved in May 2013.


name_short: PPC
name_english: People's Party of Canada
name: People's Party of Canada
name_ascii: People's Party of Canada
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada
description:
Party formed on 14 September 2018 by Maxime Bernier after leaving the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC).


name_short: LN
name_english: Movement Now
name: Liike Nyt
name_ascii: Liike Nyt
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_Now
description:
Party formed on 21 April 2018 by National Coalition Party (KOK) MP Harry Harkimo and registered on 14 November 2019.


name_short: AM
name_english: Awakening 2020
name: Afypnisis 2020
name_ascii: Afypnisis 2020
name_nonlatin: Αφύπνιση 2020
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cypriot_legislative_election
description: New party formed in 2020.
comment:
"Afypnisis 2020 was established by the bondholders who lost their investments in bank bonds in 2013 (...)" (Cyprus Mail 17.05.2021)


name_short: PL
name_english: People's Breath
name: Pní Laoú
name_ascii: Pni Laou
name_nonlatin: Πνοή Λαού
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cypriot_legislative_election
description: New party formed in 2016.
comment:
"People’s Breath, which will be contesting its second parliamentary elections this year, is a populist, nationalist party which has views on vaccinations and military spending." (Cyprus Mail 17.05.2021)


name_short: dieBasis
name_english: Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany
name: Basisdemokratische Partei Deutschland
name_ascii: Basisdemokratische Partei Deutschland
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany
description: New party formed on 4 July 2020.
comment:
Conspiracy theories are the core of the political program. Founded as political protest against COVID-19 measures and part of the „Querdenker“-Movement.


name_short: JaRep
name_english: Japan Innovation Party
name: Nippon Ishin no Kai
name_ascii: Nippon Ishin no Kai
name_nonlatin: 日本維新の会
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Ishin_no_Kai
data_source: reuters
description: Party formed on 2 October 2015.
comment:
Formed as 'Initiatives from Osaka' in October 2015 from a split in the old Japan Innovation Party (founded 2012).


name_short: BNO|BN
name_english: Bulgarian National Unification | Bulgarian Summer
name: Bŭlgarsko natsionalno obedinenie | Balgarsko lyato
name_ascii: Bulgarsko natsionalno obedinenie | Balgarsko lyato
name_nonlatin: Българско национално обединение | Българско лято
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Unification
description:
New party Bulgarian National Unification (BNO) formed on 1 December 2013.
Bulgarian Summer (BN) formed on 4 January 2021 and used BNO as a mandate holder in 4 April 2021 election.
BN officially run in 11 July 2021 election.


name_short: VB
name_english: Free Bloc
name: Volný blok
name_ascii: Volny blok
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Bloc
description:
Party formed on 21 January 2011 as a successor of the dissolved Suverenita – blok Jany Bobošíkové (S-JB).


name_short: GS
name_english: Freedom Movement
name: Gibanje Svoboda
name_ascii: Gibanje Svoboda
wikipedia: https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibanje_Svoboda#Z.DEJ_(2021%E2%80%932022)_2
description: Party formed on 26 January 2022 by Robert Dove.
comment:
The party was founded as a successor of the Party of Green actions (Z.Dej), founded in 2021 but this party does not fill the criteria to be coded in ParlGov. Further, the predecessor was founded by the politician Lure and taken over later by Robert Dove in the wake of redefining the party. Thus, not coded as a genuine new party and Dove as the founder.


name_short: d-center
name_english: other centre
name: divers centre
name_ascii: divers centre
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscellaneous_centre
description:
New party formed in 2020 by the French Ministry of the Interior as a collective party for centrist candidates that are not members of any large party.


name_short: VESNA
name_english: Vesna -- the Green Party
name: VESNA – zelena stranka
name_ascii: VESNA -- zelena stranka
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%E2%80%93_Green_Party
description:
Party formed by several experts of the field of enviornmental protection, economy, self-government and national and European policies. 


name_short: ND
name_english: Our Country
name: Naša dežela
name_ascii: Nasa dezela
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Country_(Slovenia)
description:
Party formed by Aleksandra Pivec after a dispute in the Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia (DeSUS). 


name_short: S!
name_english: For Stability!
name: Stabilitātei!
name_ascii: Stabilitatei
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Stability!
description:
Party formed on 26 February 2021 by former members of the Riga City Council Aleksejs Roslikovs and Valerijs Petrovs. 


name_short: KuK
name_english: For Each and Every One
name: Katram un katrai
name_ascii: Katram un katrai
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Each_and_Every_One
description:
Party formed on 08 January 2021 by Aldis Fobzems, a former party member of Who owns the state? (KPV-LV).


name_short: AE
name_english: Denmark Demokrats
name: Danmarksdemokraterne
name_ascii: Danmarksdemokraterne
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_Democrats
description:
Party formed on 22 June 2022 as a split from Venstre (V) by former minister of immigration, housing and gender equality Inger Støjberg after her impeachment from Venstre.


name_short: Noam
name_english: Pleasentness
name: Lazuz
name_ascii: Lazuz
name_nonlatin: נעם
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_(political_party)
description:
Party formed as a split of Religious Zionist Party (HaTzionut HaDatit) on 15 July 2019 by Zvi Thau and Hamor Yeshiva.


# external_commissioner_doering

portfolio: overseas countries and territories
commission_name: Hallstein I
person_id_source: Lemaignen, Robert
start_date: 1958-01-10
end_date: 1962-01-09
highest_position: vice president of the French employers federation
data_source: doering
comment:
Lemaignen had been the vice-president of the French employers federation http://www.fep.up.pt/investigacao/seminarios/04.10.15_Maes.pdf; maj_party missing


portfolio: development policy
commission_name: Hallstein II
person_id_source: Rochereau, Henri
start_date: 1962-01-10
end_date: 1967-07-05
highest_position: minister agriculture
data_source: doering
comment:
Munzinger gives no party information. though he was member of a government. I gave him the party score of the government he was a member of.


portfolio: agriculture and rural development
commission_name: Barroso II
person_id_source: Cioloş, Dacian
start_date: 2010-02-10
end_date: 2014-10-31
highest_position: minister agriculture and rural development
data_source: dr-08, dw-05, ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
member cabinett Popescu-Tariceanu III; Duration: 2007-04-05 – 2008-11-30. at the time of nomination other parties were in power


portfolio: health and consumer policy
commission_name: Barroso II
person_id_source: Dalli, John
start_date: 2010-02-10
end_date: 2012-10-16
highest_position: minister finance and economic affairs, foreign minister
data_source: afp, dr-08, dw-05, ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
Malta is not coded in Druckman/Warwick; average position score of finance minister (1.64) used; see codebook


commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Timmermans, Frans
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-11-30
highest_position: minister foreign affairs
data_source: dr-08, dw-05, ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
portfolio:
Better Regulation, Inter-Institutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights


commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Dombrovskis, Valdis
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-11-30
highest_position: prime minister
data_source: ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
Add second entry for succeeding Commission office of Jonathan Hill since 2016-07-16? (Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union)

portfolio:
Euro & Social Dialogue [+ Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union since 2016-07-16]


portfolio: Transport & Space [+ Digital Single Market since 2019-07-03]
commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Šefčovič, Maroš
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-11-30
highest_position: diplomat
data_source: ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
Add second entry for succeeding Commission office of Andrus Ansip since 2019-07-03? (Digital Single Market)


portfolio: Digital Economy & Society [+ Budget and Human Resources since 2017-01-01]
commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Oettinger, Günther
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-11-30
highest_position: minister-president of a federral German state
data_source: ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
Add second entry for succeeding Commission office of Kristalina Georgieva since 2017-01-01? (Budget and Human Resources)


portfolio: European Neighbourhood Policy & Enlargement Negotiations [+ Regional Policy since 2019-07-03]
commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Hahn, Johannes
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-11-30
highest_position: federal minister of science and research
data_source: dr-08, dw-05, ec.europa.eu, munzinger, parlgov
comment:
Add second entry for succeeding Commission office of Corina Cretu since 2019-07-03? (Regional Policy)


portfolio: Regional Policy
commission_name: Juncker
person_id_source: Creţu, Corina
start_date: 2014-11-01
end_date: 2019-07-01
highest_position: mp/mep
data_source: dr-08, dw-05, ec.europa.eu, parlgov
comment:
Maybe add party change? Cretu joined PRO Romania in 2019 (January/March ?), but was not able to get re-elected into the European Parliament in May 2019


# cabinet_party

data_source: afp
description:
Freedom Party (FPO) ministers resigned on 8 September 2002 following conflict with the party leader over the governments tax policy.


data_source: afp, bka
description:
Freedom Party (FPO) ministers joined Future of Austria (BZO) on 4 April 2005 and the parliamentary group split into FPO and BZO members remaining formally one group in parliament.


data_source: nyt
description:
Liberals (LP-PL) resigned on 17 February 1961 following disagreement on tax policies but the request was not accepted by the king.


data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Democratic Front (FDF) ministers resigned on 16 January 1980, following conflict over regionalisation,


data_source: reuters
description:
People's Union (VU) ministers withdrew from cabinet on 29 September 1991 over a dispute on arms trade.


data_source: ap
description:
Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA) withdrew from cabinet on 29 November 1997, following the Christian Democrats (KDU), over a campaign finance scandal.


data_source: ap
description:
Christian Democrats (KDU) withdrew from cabinet on 28 November 1997 over a campaign finance scandal.


description:
Christian Democrats (KDU/CSL) pulled out of government on 30 March 2005. Previously, they demanded the resignation of PM Gross.


data_source: reuters
description:
Centre Democrats (CD) announced on 20 December 1996 to leave the cabinet over the increased dependence of the cabinet on far left party support but to keep supporting it. The party's ministers resigned on 30 December.


data_source: nyt
description:
Swedish People's Party (RKP-SFP) ministers resigned on 2 July 1957 objecting delays in the government's economic stabilization program.


data_source: nyt, valt
description:
Agrarian Union (Maal) ministers resigned on 27 November 1958 over disagreement on policy towards the Soviet Union.


data_source: valt
description:
Swedish People's Party (RKP-SFP) opposed income and property tax increases leading to the end of the cabinet in December 1963.


data_source: keesings, valt
description:
Democratic Union (SKDL) MPs refused to vote for a bill involvinhg price control relaxation on 17 March 1971 but the three SKDL ministers did not offer to resign.


data_source: ejpr, valt
description:
Christian League (SKL) minister Toimi Kankaanniemi resigned on 20 June 1994 in opposition to the EU membership agreement.


data_source: reuters, valt
description:
Greens (VIHR) party group decided to resign from the cabinet opposing plans to build a new nuclear power plant.


data_source: dhbt
description:
German Bloc (GB/BHE) ministers left party group and joined Christian Democratis (CDU) on 15 July 1955, with guest status until 20 March 1956 (Schindler 1999, 916).


data_source: dhbt, nyt
description:
The two ministers of the German Party (DP) left their parliamentary group on 1 July 1960 and later joined the Christian Democrats (CDU).


data_source: nyt
description:
Free Democrats (FDP) ministers resigned on 19 November 1962 following the Spiegel scandal but reentered the government on 13 December.


description:
Free Democratic (FDP) ministers resigned on 17 September 1982 in conflict over social and tax policies.


data_source: nyt
description:
Progressives (F) decided to withdraw from government at the beginning of March 1956 over the presence of United States troops in Iceland. It formally withdrew in a letter to the president on 26 March.


data_source: nyt
description:
Socialists (PSI) ministers resigned on 5 August 1982 over an austerity bill announcing the resignation the day before.


data_source: nyt
description:
Socialist Party (PSI) fostered a cabinet crisis when it announced on 26 March 1991 that Italy needed a new government (NYT). 


data_source: afp
description:
Northern League (LN) announced on 17 December 1994 to bring down the government through a confidence vote.


data_source: rferl
description:
Latvia's First Party (LPP) withdraws from coaltion on 28 January 2004 after the dismissal of Ainars Slesers as deputy prime minister on 26 January.


data_source: reuters
description:
New Union (NS) left cabinet on 11 April 2006 after the speaker of parliament was voted out of office.


data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) ministers left government after CSV joined a vote of non-confidence against an LSAP minister.


description:
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) supported a no-confidence vote opposing colonial policy in New Guinea. The vote got no majoriy in parliament but minister of foreign affairs Dirk Stikker resigned a day later leading to the fall of the cabinet.


data_source: keesings
description:
Labour Party (PvdA) ministers resigned on 12 December 1958 following a defeat in parliament on a vote to extend a temporary tax increase.


data_source: nyt
description:
Christian Democratic (KVP and ARP) ministers announced their resignation from cabinet on 22 March 1977 leading to the resignation of the entire cabinet.


description:
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) withdrew over tax policy decision of cabinet ('reiskostenforfait').


data_source: reuters
description:
Two Fortuyn List (LFD) ministers resigned on 16 October 2002 following an internal leadership conflict.


data_source: reuters
description:
New Zealand First (NZFP) leader Winston Peters was dismissed on 14 August 1998 following disagreement over a privatization issue.


data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Centre Party (SP) opposed relaxing laws for limits on foreign ownership leading to the fall of the cabinet.


data_source: keesings
description:
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) ministers resigned on 24 July 1978 in conflict over agricultural and health policies.


data_source: ejpr, rferl
description:
Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) withdrew from government on 6 February 2006 over religious issues and the three KDH minsters resigned two days later.


data_source: bbc
description:
Social Democrats (SDSS) withdrew from coalition on 8 April 1994 after the dismissal of Defence Minister Janez Jansa on 28 March.


data_source: rferl
description:
Slovenian People's Party (SLS) ministers announced to resign on 15 April 2000 to form a new coalition.


data_source: ejpr
description:
Slovenian People's Party (SLS) ministers resigned on 7 April 2004 due to pressure by Prime Minister Rop and following a controversial vote.


data_source: keesings, nyt
description:
Moderate (M) ministers left cabinet on 8 May 1982 in disagreement over a tax reform agreement of coalition partners with the Social Democratic Party.


data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Social Democratic (SDE) ministers were fired on 21 May 2009 after disputes over budget cuts and unemployment benefits.


data_source: bbc, ejpr, nyt
description:
Self-Defense of the Republic Poland (SRP) withdrew temporarily from the coalition after PM Kaczyński dismissed deputy prime minister and SRP party leader Andrzej Lepper on 22 September 2006. Lepper was re-appointed on 16 October and the coalition continued. 
PM Kaczyński  dismissed Lepper again on 9 July 2007 following corruption allegations. Lepper threatened to withdraw the SRP from government but the party decided to remain in government. On 8 August, the interior minister Janusz Kaczmarek was fired and the coalition ended shortly after.


data_source: nzz
description:
Free Democrats (SzDSz) voted to leave coalition on 26 April 2009 in conflict over social and economic policy.


data_source: pc, reuters
comment: Source: Patrick Dumont, University of Luxembourg; personal communication 30 January 2012
description:
New Flemish Alliance (NVA) did not have ministers in the cabinet and withdrew its support on 21 September 2008.


data_source: sta
description:
Zares demanded a cabinet reshuffle, implying a replacement of the prime minister. When its demand were not met it announced on 20 June 2011 that it would leave the coalition and its ministers resigned a week later.


data_source: sta
description:
Democratic Party of Pensioners (DeSUS) council decided to leave coalition on 9 May 2011 following disagreement over pension reforms. Last DeSUS minister Roko Zarnic left party on 19 May 2011.


data_source: nyt
description:
Farmers' League (B) left coalition on 22 October 1957 in conflict over a planned pension reform following a referendum on the issue on 14 October.


data_source: bka, reuters
description:
Conservatives (OVP) withdrew from coalition on 7 July 2008 and asked to call early election. Their ministers remained in office until the next cabinet formed.


data_source: reuters
description:
Green Party (Green) announced in November 2010 that it would leave cabinet after passing an important finance bill. They withdrew from the cabinet on 23 January 2011.


data_source: iris
description:
Progressive Democrat (PD) minister remained in cabinet as independent when party disbanded and formally dissolved on 20 November 2009.


data_source: mueller, oepa
description:
Communist Party (KPO) withdrew from cabinet and its minister Karl Altmann resigned on 20 November 1947 over economic issues.


data_source: afp, cymail
description:
Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK) decided to withdraw from government on 8 February 2010 in disagreement over President Christiofias' strategy on the Cyprus conflict. Its ministers resigned on 2 March (Cyprus Mail).


data_source: nyt
description:
Social Democratic Party (PSD) minsters resigned on 1 October 2010 in protest against the dismissal of interior minister Dan Nica by PM Boc.


data_source: reuters
description:
Democratic Party (PD) ministers resigned on 29 January 1998 in protest over the slow reform process.


data_source: reuters
description:
Christian Democratic ministers threatened to resign on 13 December 1999 leading to the dismissal of PM Vasile.


data_source: reuters
description:
Labour Party (DP) withdrew its ministers on 31 May 2006 after President Adamkus stated losing confidence in its two ministers.


data_source: afp, mueller
description:
Republicans (UDR) threatened to resign in mid December over a proposal of PM D'Alema to add the Democrats (ID) to the coaliton (AFP).


data_source: conrad
description:
United List Social Democrats (ZLSD) withdrew from coaliton on 26 January 1996 after PM Drnovsek called for the resignation of Economic Minister Maks Tajnikar without consulting the party.


data_source: bbc
description:
Flemish Liberals and Democrats (O-VLD) withdrew from coalition on 22 April 2010 in conflict over voting rights in a bilingual district near Brussels.


data_source: bbc
description:
Social Democrats (SDP) withdrew from the coalition after PM Hatoyama dismissed SDP chief Mizuho Fukushima as consumer affairs minister on 30 May 2010 following conflict over a US military base.


data_source: nyt
description:
Free Democratic (FDP) party group split on 23 February 1956. Its ministers remained in office and formed the Free People's Party (FVP) party group.


data_source: ctk
description:
Deputy PM Karolina Peake and other ministers withdrew from Public Affairs (VV) party group on 17 April 2012 and formed a new group.


data_source: afp
description:
Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) abstained in a vote of confidence on 11 October 2011 leading to the fall of the cabinet.


data_source: valt, yle
description:
Left Alliance (VAS) withdrew from cabinet on 25 March 2014 and its ministers resigned on 28 March 2014 over austerity measures.


data_source: afp
description:
Democratic Party (DIKO) withdrew from cabinet and its ministers handed in their resignation on 27 July 2011 (Cyprus Mail).


data_source: knesset
description:
United Religious Front (HDM) withdrew from cabinet after PM Ben-Gurion announced plans for a reshuffle.


data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Union of Israel (AY) withdrew from cabinet on 18 September 1952 over the issue of compulsory national service for religious woman.


data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
National Religious Party (Mafdal) ministers withdrew from cabinet following party MPs abstention in a confidence vote.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
PM Shamir dismissed Alignment (A) leader Peres on 13 March 1990 and ministers resigned two days later.


data_source: knesset
description:
Homeland (M) withdrew from coalition on 21 January 1992 shortly after Crossroads (Tsomet) due to the same reasons. 


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
National Union (HaLe and YB) ministers resigned on 12 March 2002 in protest of government negotiations with Palestinians.


data_source: dr, reuters
description:
SF withdrew from the coalition on 30 January 2014 over a privatisation issue and its ministers were replaced on 3 February.


data_source: reuters
description:
All four Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS) ministers resigned on 10 February 2012 following disagreement over a bailout bill.


data_source: reuters, sta
description:
Citizens' List (DL) withdrew from coalition on 23 January 2013 after PM Jansa refused to resign over corruption allegations.


data_source: valt
description:
Finnish People's Party (SK) opposed income and property tax increases leading to the end of the cabinet in December 1963.


data_source: afp, mueller
description:
Italian Socialist Party (SDI) threatened to resign in mid December and called for the resignation of PM D'Alema (AFP).


data_source: ager, ejpr
description:
Gabriel Oprea, an independent MP and Minister of Defence since 23 December 2009, was a founding member of the National Union (UNPR) which formed on 2 May 2010.


data_source: reuters
description:
National Liberal Party  (PNL) ministers resigned on 26 February 2014 after differences over a proposed ministerial appointment.


data_source: reuters
description:
People of Freedom (PdL) split into Go Italy (FI) and New Centre-Right (NCD) on 15 November after party leader Berlusconi planned to withdraw from the cabinet.


data_source: hina
description:
Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) left coalition on 10 July 2010 over accusation of cabinet disloyalty.


data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Democratic Party (DIKO) decided to leave cabinet on 27 Februar 2014 but its ministers remained in office and left the party.


data_source: ager
description:
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) withdrew from coalition on 27 November 2014 and its ministers resigned on 13 December 2014 following PM Ponta's defeat in the presidential election.


data_source: reuters
description:
 Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) and Republican People's Party (CHP) merged on 18 February 1995.
Republican People's Party (CHP, formerly SHP) ministers resigned on 20 September 1995 over domestic security issues.


data_source: valt
description: PM Katainen announced on 5 April 2014 to resign in June aiming an EU post.
comment:
Three month rule does not apply. No new party, PM or election within three months after end of last cabinet.


data_source: reuters
description:
True Path Party (DYP) withdrew from cabinet on 24 May 1996 following conflict over corruption charges.


data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Change (Shinui) withdrew from coalition on 26 May 1987 in opposition to PM Shamir's rejection to support an international peace conference. 


data_source: reuters, yle
description:
Green League (VIHR) withdrew from cabinet on 20 September 2014 and its ministers resigned on 26 September following conflict over new nuclear power plant.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Sfarad's guards of the Torah (Shas) ministers resigned on 11 July 2000 in opposition to PM Baraks participation in 2000 Camp David Summit. 


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
National Religious Party (Mafdal) ministers resigned on 11 July 2000 in opposition to PM Baraks participation in 2000 Camp David Summit. 


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Israel for Immigration (YBA) ministers resigned on 11 July 2000 in opposition to PM Baraks participation in 2000 Camp David Summit. 


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Energy (Meretz) ministers withdrew on 24 June 2000 in opposition to PM Barak's peace negotiations with the Palestinians.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
One Israel (MHH, One, Meimad) ministers resigned on 30 Oktober 2002 after a dispute over funding for Jewish settlements.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Israel is our home (YB) ministers resigned on 16 January 2008 following disagreement over cabinet's negotiations with the Palestinian National Authority. 


data_source: knesset
description:
National Union (HaLe) withdrew from cabinet on 6 June 2004 because of disagreements over PM Sharon's Disengagement Plan.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
National Religious Party (Mafdal) withdrew from coalition on 9 November 2004 following disagreement over PM Sharon's Disengagement Plan.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Labor-Meimad (MHH) left the coalition on 23 November 2005 as PM Sharon considered quitting Likud (L) to form a new centrist alliance.


data_source: knesset
description:
There is a Future (YA) ministers resigned on 2 December 2014 after PM Netanyahu fired party leader Yair Lapid.


data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
The Movement (Hat) withdrew from coalition on 2 December 2014 after PM Netanyahu fired party leader Tzipi Livni.


data_source: reuters
description:
New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) withdrew from cabinet on 9 December 2018 after a dispute about immigration policy.


data_source: reuters
description:
25 MPs left Syriza party group and formed Popular Unity (LE) on 21 August 2015 after cabinet agreed to an international bailout.


data_source: yle
description:
20 MPs left Finns Party (PS) on 13 June 2017 and formed New Alternative (UV) to continue cabinet membership.


data_source: reuters
description:
ANEL leader Kammenos resigned on 13 January 2019 and ministers remaining in cabinet were expelled from the party.


data_source: reuters
description:
Defense Minister Lieberman announced his resignation on 14 November 2018 over policies towards the Gaza ceasefire.


data_source: delfi
description:
Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) withdrew support on 22 September 2017 in a party council vote. A majority of MPs from the party kept supporting the cabinet, formed the Social Democratic Labour Party (LSDDP) and parliamentary group split on 19 October 2017.


data_source: reuters
description:
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) withdrew from cabinet on 26 August 2019 after its leader did not become the sole pro-government candidate for the presidential election.


data_source: reuters
description:
Interior minister Matteo Salvini (LN) announced on 8 August 2019 to leave the coalition with Five Star Movement (M5S).


data_source: chisols
description:
The GDVP did not stand for election 1919 but was a merge of the German-National parties in the year 1920.


data_source: knesset
description:
Israel is Our Home (Yisrael Beiteinu) split from parliamentary group with The Consolidation (Likud) and formed an own group on 9 July 2014.


description:
Italy Alive (IV) led by former PM Renzi split from the Democratic Party (PD) on 17 September 2019. The party continues to support the cabinet while including two ministers.


data_source: sta
description:
Karl Erjavec was re-elected as DeSUS's leader on 5 December 2020 and did not want that his party stays in government.


data_source: bns
description:
Center Party (EK) was dismissed from cabinet on 3 June 2022 because they decided "to block government reform of primary education" (reuters).


data_source: reuters
description:
The Freedom and Solidarity party (SaS) withdrew from cabinet on 13 September 2022 after conflicts with finance minister Matovic.


data_source: afp, irti
comment:
According to the Irish times, PM Borne supported Macron 2017 and belongs to the Territoires de progrès, a left party that supports the presidency of Macron. 



# external_party_cmp

name_short: EL
name: Enhedslisten – De Rød-Grønne
name_english: Red-Green Unity List
comment:
composed of: Valforbund Enhedslisten: De Grønne, Solidarisk Alternativ, Invendrerlisten, Christianialisten, Arbeidsløshedsparteit, Kærlighedspartiet, Miljøparti


name_short: PRL-FDF-MCC
name_english: Liberal Reformation Party -- Francophone Democratic Front -- Citizens’ Movement for Change
name:
Parti réformateur libéral – Front démocratique francophone – Mouvement des Citoyens pour la Changement


name: Gaullists
name_english: Gaullists
comment:
includes: UNR Union Pour la Nouvelle République; UDT Union Démocratique du Travail; RPR Rassemblement pour la République


name: Conservatives
name_english: Conservatives
comment:
includes: Parti Républicain de la Liberté; Independants Républicains; Parti Paysan; CNIP Centre National des Indépendants et Paysans; Action Répubilcaine et Sociale; Centre Républicain; Centre National des Indépendants


name_short: UMP
name: Union pour la majorité presidentielle
name_english: Union for the Presidential Majority
comment:
composed of: RPR Rassemblement pour la République (Rally for the Republic) and DL Démocratie Libérale (Liberal Democracy); after the election part of UDF joined the Union


name_english: National Action against Foreign Domination
name:
Nationale Aktion gegen die Überfremdung von Volk und Heimat/Action Nationale contre l’Emprise et la Surpopulation Etrangère


name_short: MERETZ
name_english: Merger between RATZ and MAPAM
comment:
Merger between RATZ (Hatauah Lezhiot Ha’ezrach (Citizens Rights Movement) and MAPAM (Mifleget Ha’Poalim Hameuchad (United Workers Party)


name_short: BSP K
name: BSP Koalitisija
name_english: BSP Coalition
comment:
composed of: BSP Bulgarska Socialisticheska Partiya (Bulgarian Socialist Party) and eight minor parties


name_short: BSP
name: BSP Koalitisija
name_english: BSP Coalition
comment:
composed of: BSP Bulgarska Socialisticheska Partiya (Bulgarian Socialist Party) BZNS-AS Bulgarski Zemedelski Naroden Sajuz - Aleksander Stanboliynski (Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union - Alexander Stamboliysky) DE Dvisenie Ekoglasnost (Movement Ekoglasnost)


name_short: SDS
name: Soyuz na Demokratichnite Sili
name_english: Union of Democratic Forces
comment:
founding members: BSDP Bulgarska Sotsial-demokraticheska Partiya (Bulgarian Social Democratic Party), BZNS-NP Bulgarki Zemedelski Naroden Sayuz (Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - Nikolai Petkov), Komitet za Zashtita na Relioznite Prava, Svobodata na Savestta i Duhovnite Tsenosti (Committee for Religious Rights, Freedom of Conscience, and Spiritual Values) Klub na Represiranite sled 1945 Godina (Club for the Victims of Repression after 1945), GI Grazhdanska Initsiativa (Citizens’ Initiative), Federattsiya na Nezavisimi Studentki Druzhestva (Federation of Independents’ Students Societies), Nezavisimo Druzhestvo za Zashtita na Choveshkite Prava v Bulgariya (Independent Association for the Defence of Human Rights in Bulgaria), Nezavisima Federatsiya na Truda Podkrepa (Independent Labour Federation Pokrepa) additional members in 1989 and 1990: RDP Radikalna Demokraticheska Partiya (Radical Democratic Party) ZP Zelena Partiya (Green Party) HDF Hristiyan-Demokraticheska Fronta (Christian Democratic Front) ASP Alternativna Sotsialierlna Partiya (Alternative Socialist Party)


name_short: NS
name: Naroden Sajuz BZNS/DP
name_english: People’s Union
comment:
composed of: BZNS Bulgarski Zemedelski Naroden Soyuz (Bulgarian Agrarian National Union) DP Demokraticheska Partiya (Democratic Party)


name_short: SSH
name: Socijalisticka Stranka Hrvatske
name_english: Socialist Party of Croatia
comment:
and joint candidates with: Savez Socijalisticke Omladine Hrvatske (Union of Socialist Youth of Croatia)


name_short: KNS
name: Koalicija Narodnog Sporazuma
name_english: Coalition of People’s Agreement
comment:
composed of: HSLS Hrvatska Socijalno-Liberalna Stranka (Croatian Social-Liberal Party) HKDS Hrvatska Krscanska Demokratska Stranka (Croatian Christian Democratic Party) SDSH Socijaldemokratska Stranka Hrvatske (Social-Democratic Party of Croatia)


name_short: ZL
name: Zajednica Lista
name_english: Joint List Bloc
comment:
composed of: SBSH Slavonsko-Baranjska Hrvatska Stranka (Croatian Party of Slavonia and Baranja) HSS Hrvatska Seljacka Stranka (Croatian Peasant Party) IDS Istarski Demokratski Sabor (Istrian Democratic Assembly) HNS Hrvatska Narodna Stranka (Croatian People’s Party) HKDU Hrvatska Krscanska Demokratska Unija (Croatian Christian Democratic Union)


name_short: LB
name: Levy Bloc
name_english: Left Bloc
comment:
composed of: KSCM Komunisticka strana Bohemia a Moravy (Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia) DL Demokratická Levice (Democratic Left of the CSFR)


name_short: OF
name: Obcanské fórum
name_english: Civic Forum
comment:
composed of: ASD Asociace socialnich demokratu (Association of Social Democrats), ODA Obcanska demokraticka alliance (Civic Democratic Alliance) KAN Klub Neangažovanych Nestaniku (Policitally Involved Non-Party Members Club) HOS Hnuté Za Obcanskou Svobodu (Movement for Civic Freedom) LDS Liberalne demokraticka strana (Liberal Democratic Party) RS Republikánská strana (Republican Party)


name_short: LSU
name: Liberalne socialni unie
name_english: Liberal Social Union
comment:
composed of: CSS Ceskoslovenska strana socialisticka (Czechoslovak Socialist Party) ZS Zemédélská strana (Farmers’ Party) SZ Strana zelenych (Green Party)


name_short: Koalice
name: organized as a party
name_english: Coalition
comment:
composed of: KDU Krestanská a Demokratická Unie (Christian and Democratic Union) CSL Ceskoslovenska strana lidova (Czechoslovak People’s Party) US Unie Svobody-Democraticke Unie (Freedom Union – Democratic Union) DEU Demokratická Unie (Democratic Union) US and DEU combined into one party in 2001


name_short: KDU
name: Krestanská a Demokratická Unie
name_english: Christian and Democratic Union
comment:
composed of: KDS Krestanskodemokraticka strana (Christian Democratic Party) KDH K est’anskodemokratické Hnuti (Christian and Democratic Movement) PA Podnikatelské Asociace (Association of Entrepreneurs) ZS Zemédélská Strana (Farmers’ Party)


name_short: KK
name: Kindel Kodu
name_english: Secure Home
comment:
composed of: K Eesti Koonderakond (Coalition Party) EM Eesti Maalit (Estonian Rural Union) EDO Eesti Demokraatlik Öiglusliit (Estonian Democratic Justice) EPL Eesti Pensionärde Liit-EPL (Estonian Pensioner’s Union)


name_short: Moodu- kad
name: Rahvaerakond Moodukad
name_english: People’s Party Moderates
comment:
composed of: ESDP Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Partei (Social Democratic Party) EMK Eesti Maa-Keskerakond (Rural Centre Party)


name_short: Rahva- rinne
name_english: Estonian Popular Front Coalition
comment:
composed of: ERPT Eestima Rahvarinne Perestroika Toetuseks (Popular Front) ERKE Eesti Rahva-Keskerakond (Centre People’s Party) EN Eesti Naisliit (Womens’ Union)


name_short: Pare- moolsed
name: Vabriiklate ja Konservatiivide Rahvaerakond
name_english: Rightists
comment:
composed of: EV Eesti Vabriiklaste (Estonian Republican Coalition Party) EKR Eesti Konservativne Rahvaerakond (Estonian Conservative People’s Party)


name_short: IERSP
name_english: Electoral Union
comment:
composed of: Isamaa (Fatherland) ERSP Eesti Rahvusliku Soltumatuse Partei (Estonian National Independence Party)


name_short: Isamaa
name: Erakond Isamaaliit
name_english: Pro Patria Union
comment:
composed of: EKR Eesti Konservativne Rahvaerakond (Estonian Conservative Party) EKDE Eesti Kristlik-Demokraatlik Erakond (Estonian Christian Democratic Party) EKDL Eesti Kristlik-Demokraatlik Liit (Estonian Christian Democratic Union) ELP Eesti Liberaaldemokraatlik Partei (Estonian Liberal Democratic Party) ELL Eesti Liberaldemokraatlik Liit (Estonian Liberal Democratic Union)


name_short: EK
name: Eesti Kodanik
name_english: Estonian Citizen Coalition
comment:
composed of: EVP Eesti Vabariigi Partei (Estonian Republic Party) Noarootsi (Living Health Association)


name_short: Mshvidoba
name: Bloki ‘Mshvidoba’
name_english: Peace Bloc
comment:
composed of: DU Democratic Union JPG Justice Party of Georgia LESRG League of Economic and Social Revival of Georgia AU Agrarian Union MCP Monarchist-Conservative Party LEM Association URA Union for the Revival of Ajaria


name: Tertmeti Oktomberi
name_english: 11-Okt
comment:
composed of: GPF Georgien Popular Front DCG Democratic Choice for Georgia CDU Christian-Democratic Union RP Republican Party


name_short: Grüne- UFV
name: Grüne-UFV
name_english: Greens-IWM
comment:
composed of: GP Grüne Partei (Green Party) UFV Unabhängiger Frauenverband (Independent Women’s League)


name_short: B 90
name: Bündnis 90
name_english: Alliance 90
comment:
composed of: Neues Forum (New Forum) Demokratie Jetzt (Democracy Now) IFM Initiative für Frieden und Menschenrechte (Initiative for Peace and Human Rights)


name_short: BFD
name: Bündnis der Freien Demokraten
name_english: Alliance of Free Democrats
comment:
composed of: FDP Freie Demokratische Partei (Free Democratic Party) LDP Liberal Demokratische Partei (Liberal Democratic Party) DFP Deutsche Forumpartei (German Forum Party)


name_short: ASz
name: Agrárszövetség
name_english: Agrarian Alliance
comment:
composed of: ARS Agrár Reformkörör Szövetsége (Agrarian Reform Circle Movement) ARM Agrár Reformkörör Mozgalom (Association of Agrarian Reform Circles) one joint candidate with: SFV Szövetség a Faluért, Vidékért (Alliance for the Village and the Countryside)


name_short: ZS-LKDS- LDP- Alliance
name_english: Electoral Union
comment:
composed of: ZS Latvijas Zemnieku Savieniba (Farmer’s Union of Latvia) LKDS Latvijas Kristigo demokratu savieniba (Latvia’s Christian Democratic Union) LDP Latvijas Demokratiska Partija (Latvia’s Democratic Party)


name_short: BSDK
name: Brazausko socialdemokratiné koalicija
name_english: Brazauskas Social Democratic Coalition
comment:
composed of: LSDP Lietuvos socialdemokratu partija (Lithuanian Social Democratic Party) LDDP Lietuvos demokratiné darbo partija (Lithuanian Democratic Labour Party) NDP Naujosios demokratijos partija (New Democratic Party) LRS Lietuvos rusu sajunga (Lithuanian Russian Union)


name_short: SK
name: Sajudzio koalicija
name_english: Sajudis Coalition
comment:
composed of: Sajudis LZP Lietuvos zaliloji partija (Lithuanian Green Party) PC Pilieciu chartija (Citizens’ Charter) LPKP Lietuvos politiniu kaliniu partija (Union of Political Prisoners)


name_short: LTSS
name: Lietuviu tautininku sajungos sarasas
name_english: Lithuanian National Union List
comment:
composed of: LLS Lietuviu tautininku sajunga (Lithuanian National Union) NP Nepriklausomybes partija (Independence Party)


name_short: SLB
name_english: Social-Liberal Bloc
comment:
composed of: SDSM Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija (Socialdemocratic League of Macedonia) LP Liberalna Partia (Liberal Party) SPM Socijalisticki Partija na Makedonija (Socialist Party of Macedonia)


name_short: VMRO- DPMNE
name_english: Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization -- Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
comment: formerly: MAAK Pan-Macedonian Action
name:
Vnatresna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija – Demokratska Partija za Makedonsko Nacionalno Edinstvo


name_short: DK
name: Democratic Coalition
name_english: Democratic Coalition
comment:
composed of: SNR Stranka Nacionalne Ravnopravnosti (Party of National Equality), DSCG  Demokratski Savez U Crnoj Gori (Democratic League in Montenegro), SDACG Stranka Demokratske Akcije Crne Gore (Democratic Action Party of Montenegro)


name_short: UD
name: Unia Demokratyczna
name_english: Democratic Union
comment:
merger between: UD Unia Demokratyczna (Democratic Union) ROAD Ruch Obywatelski - Akcja Demokratyczna (Democratic Action Civic Movement) FPD Forum Prawicy Demokratycznej (Forum of the Democratic Right)


name_short: WAK
name: Wyborcza Akcja Katolickia
name_english: Catholic Elector Action
comment:
composed of: ZChN Zjednoczenie Chrzescijansko- Narodowe (Christian National Union) KP Konwencja Polska (Polish Convention) SChL Stronnictwo Chrzecijansko-Ludowe (Christian Farmers’ Alliance)


name_short: PSL
name: Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe
name_english: Polish Peasant Party
comment:
merger between: PSLO Polski Stronnictwo Ludowe – Odrodzenie (Reborn Polish Peasant Party) PSLW Polski Stronnictwo Ludowe- Wilanowskie (Peasant Party – Wilanow)


name_short: MN
name: Mniejszosc Niemiecka
name_english: German Minority
comment:
composed of: Opole ZSMNW Zwiazku Stowarzyszen Mniejszosci Niemieckiej Wojewodztwa (German Social-Cultural Society)


name_short: CDR
name: ConvenÞia Democratã Românã
name_english: Democratic Convention of Romania
comment:
composed of: 17 parties PNT-cd, PER, PSDR, FER, PAC, AFDPdR, SU, AR21Dec89, MRV, UMRL, UU, UNS, PL1993, PUD, PUDC, SPFMTR, PNL-CD composed of: 13 parties PNT-cd, PNL, PNL-CD, PER, PAR, FER, AC, AFDPR, SU, AR21Dec89, MRV, UMRL, UNS


name_short: FDRT
name: Frontul Democrat Roman din Timisoara
name_english: Romanian Democratic Front from Timisoara
comment:
plus 6 parties without seats in parliament: PDS Partidul Dreptatii Sociale din Romania (Social Justice Party of Romania) PNP Partidul National Progresist (National Progressist Party) PDC Partidul Democrat din Cluj (Democratic Party from Cluj) MDM Miscarea Democratia Moderna (Modern Democratic Movement) MDI Miscarea Democratia din Iasi (Modern Democracy from Iasi) PE Partidul Ecogolist (Ecologist Party)


name_short: AUR
name: Alainta pentru Unitatea Romanilor
name_english: Romanian Unity Alliance
comment:
composed of: PUNR Partidul UnitãÞii NaÞionale Române (Party of Romanian National Unity) PR Partidul Republican (Republican Party)


name_short: DVR-OD
name: Demokraticheskii Vybor Rossii – Ob’edinenny Demokraty
name_english: Russia’s Democratic Choice – United Democrats
comment:
composed of: DVR Demokraticheskiy Vibor Rossi (Russia’s Democratic Choice) RPSD Russian Party for Social-Democracy RPP Russia’s Peasant Party WS Woman for Solidarity SfD Soldiers for Democracy CNAR Congress of National Associations of Russia


name_short: LC
name_english: Leftist Coalition
comment:
composed of: SPS Socijalisticka Partija Srbije (Socialist Party of Serbia), JL Jugoslovenska Unianska Levika (Yugoslav Left), ND Nova Demokratija (New Democracy)


name_short: DEPOS
name: DEPOS Coalition, formerly: USDO Udruzena Srpska Demokratska Opozicija
name_english: Associated Serbian Democratic Opposition
comment:
composed of: ND Nova Demokratija (New Democracy) SPO Srpski Pokret Obnove (Serbian Movement for Renewel) DSS Demokratska Stranka Srbije (Democratic Party of Serbia)


name_short: KAP
name: Koalicija Albanskih Partija
name_english: Coalition of Albanian Parties
comment:
composed of: Partija za Demokratsko Delovanje (Party for Democratic Activity) and DPA Demokratska Partija Albanaca (Democratic Party of Albanians)


name_short: SV
name: Spolocna Vol’ba
name_english: Common Choice
comment:
composed of: SDA Strana demokratickej l´avice (Party of the Democratic Left) SDSS Socialno-demokratická strana Slovenska (Social Democratic Party) SZS Strana zelenýnch na Slovenska (Green Party) HP Hnutie polnohospodárov (Peasant Movement)


name_short: DU
name: Demokratická Unia
name_english: Democratic Union
comment:
including candidates of: NDS Národnodemokraticka strana (National Democratic Party, NDP participated in government 03.94-09.94)


name_short: ESWS-MKDH
name: Koalicia Mad´arské krestánsko- demokratické hnutie, Együttéles-Spoluzitie- Coexistensia
name_english: Coalition Political Movement Coexistence and the Hungarian Christian- Democratic Movement
comment:
composed of Együttélés (Coexistence)  Madarské krestansko-demokratické hnutie (Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement)


name_short: ZL
name: Zdruzena Lista
name_english: Unity, Associated List
comment:
alliance of centre-left groups headed by: Zveza Komunista Slovenije (League of Communists of Slovenia)


# info_variable

name: election_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique identifier for national and EP elections. Variable name 'id' in 'election' table and 'election_id' in all other tables.


name: party_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique party identifier. Variable name 'id' in 'party' table and 'party_id' in all other tables.


name: seats
type: integer
description: number of seats won by party
comment:
Seats coded for alliance members if information available. Coded as 0 for parties that won no seats and as missing value for electoral alliances if seats are coded at the level of alliance members.


name: votes
type: integer
description: number of votes
comment:
Information for this table is not systematically coded for all countries. Please refer to wiki.parlgov.org to get further information about the detail of country codings.


name: data_source
type: text
description:
short list of data sources used to code this variable -- references, except urls, are entries in table 'info_data_source'


name: old_parlID
type: integer
description:
Previous election ID used versions prior to ParlGov 10/11 -- five digit number composed of the year the election took place and an ascending digit


name: votes_valid
type: integer
description: number of valid votes for parties and candidates -- not including blank votes
comment:
Based on the number of 'votes_cast' and 'electorate'. For electoral systems with multiple votes cast by each voter a 'data_json' entry 'valid_votes' records the sum of all valid (multiple) votes.


name: country_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique identifier for each country. Variable name 'id' in 'country' table and 'country_id' in all other tables.


name: old_partyID
type: integer
description:
Previous party ID used versions prior to ParlGov 10/11 -- a unique number for every party in a country. IDs start at 10 and have no particular order. 990 -- no party affiliation (independent); 995 -- others; 999 -- to be coded


name: name_ascii
type: text
description:
original name of party without special characters  (this one may be easier to handle with in statistical packages)


name: name
type: text
description:
original name of party with native characters (this field may require a change of character encodings on your local computer)


name: castles_mair
type: integer
description:
Castles/Mair (1983) expert survey party ID --  combined from number of country and number of party entry in data table (pp. 75--83)


name: huber_inglehart
type: integer
description:
Huber/Inglehart (1995) expert survey party ID -- combined from number of country and number of party entry in Appendix 2 (pp. 92--108)


name: old_cabID
type: integer
description:
Previous cabinet ID used versions prior to ParlGov 10/11 -- Five digit number is composed of the year the cabinet came into office and an ascending digit for the number of the cabinet in that year starting with zero.


name: name
type: text
description:
label/name of cabinet consisting of the family name of the prime minister and a roman numeral if he/she headed more than one cabinet (ascii characters only)


name: minister_cabinet_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov ID for every cabinet in a country. The five digit number is composed of the year the cabinet came into office and an ascending digit for the number of the cabinet in that year starting with zero.


name: cabinet_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique identifier for each cabinet. Variable name 'id' in 'cabinet' table and 'cabinet_id' in all other tables.


name: caretaker
type: binary
description:
caretaker cabinet with a limited legislative mandate: non-partisan, provisional, technical or continuation (tree month rule) cabinet


name: date
type: date
description: date party change took place
comment:
Coded as 1 July (yyyy-07-01) if exact day and month are unknown and as first day of month if only month is known.


name: description
type: text
description: Information about this observation.
comment:
This field should also include a short textual account of all information that is coded in the 'data_json' field.


name: left_right
type: real
description:
0--10 scale mean value in left/right dimension with data from Castles/Mair 1983, Huber/Inglehart 1995, Benoit/Laver 2006 and CHES 2010


name: liberty_authority
type: real
description:
0--10 scale mean value in 'libertarian/authoritarian' dimension with data from Benoit/Laver 2006 and CHES 2010


name: eu_anti_pro
type: real
comment: previously variable 'eu_pro_contra' in ParlGov 11/07
description:
0--10 scale mean value in 'EU integration' dimension with data from Ray 1999, Benoit/Laver 2006 and CHES 2010


name: election_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique identifier for national and EP elections. Other tables refer to this variable as 'election_id'.


name: polarization_vote
type: real
description:
polarization index (Dalton 2008, 906) – vote share based with 'view_calc_party_position' left/right values 


name: early
type: binary
description: Early (snap) election before constitutionally mandated term end
comment:
If there is no constitutionally mandated next election date (e.g. UK), an election that takes place 1 year earlier than the maximum feasible period is considered an early election.


name: name_nonlatin
type: text
description:
original name of party with non-latin native characters (this field may require a change of character encodings on your local computer)


name: euprofiler
type: integer
description:
EU Profiler (Trechsel/Mair 2009) country ID -- the two Belgium country IDs (2, 3) are recoded to 222333


name: id
type: integer
description:
Castles/Mair (1983) expert survey party ID -- combined from number of country and number of party entry in data table (pp. 75--83)


name: id
type: integer
description:
Wiesehomeier/Benoit (2006) expert survey party ID -- row number of first party entry in original data set


name: first_round_election_id
type: integer
description:
election_id of first round election -- technically, two round elections are coded as two observations in table 'election'. this variable links the two rounds


name: state_market
type: real
description:
0--10 scale mean value in 'regulation of the economy' dimension with data from Benoit/Laver 2006 and CHES 2010


name: seats
type: integer
description: number of seats in parliament
comment:
In versions prior to ParlGov 11/07, the number of seats was based on seats won at the last election (table 'election_result'). It does now take into account changes in parliament -- see documentation for table 'viewcalc_parliament_composition'.


name: party_id
type: integer
description:
ParlGov unique party identifier. Last party affiliation before becoming president used since several constitutions require non-partisan presidents in office.


name: polarization_seats
type: real
description:
polarization index (Dalton 2008, 906) – seats share based with 'view_calc_party_position' left/right values 


# cabinet

start_date: 1974-10-10
name: Wilson IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Government_1974-1979
description:
PM Wilson announced his resignation on 16 March 1976 due to health reasons, taking effect on 5 April.


start_date: 1992-04-22
name: Drnovsek I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnovsek
data_source: afp, reuters
comment: majority support through DS seats
description:
PM Drnovšek won a confidence vote (yes: 126; total: 208) on 22 April 1992 and presented his cabinet on 4 May.
Cabinet ended with elections on 6 December 1992.


start_date: 1990-12-18
name: Schluter V
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Poul_Schl%C3%BCter_IV
data_source: afp, mueller
description:
PM Schlüter decided to resign over a political scandal involving Tamil refugees ("Tamilsagen") on 18 December 1993.


start_date: 1971-03-17
name: Bratteli I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratteli%27s_First_Cabinet
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Cabinet resigned on 7 October 1972, effective 18 October, after a referendum on Norwegian membership in the European Communities, put forward by government, failed on 25 September.


start_date: 2005-04-25
name: Paroubek
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Paroubek
data_source: afp
description:
PM Paroubek was appointed on 25 April 2005 and cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 101, no: 99) on 13 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 June 2006 and resigned on 16 August.


start_date: 1979-10-11
name: Falldin II
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_F%C3%A4lldin_II
data_source: mueller, nyt, riksdag
comment: Negative parliamentarism (Bergmann 1993: 297).
description:
Parliament passed an investiture vote (yes: 170, no: 174, abstain: 1) on 11 October 1979 with no absolute majority against the cabinet.
PM Fälldin and Foreign Minister Ullsten, head of the Liberals (FP), resigned on 8 May 1981 following the withdrawal of the Moderate Party (MSP) from the coalition four days earlier.


start_date: 1989-12-05
name: Gonzalez III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_government_of_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez
comment:
Socialist Party (PSOE) had a working majority because the four deputies from the Basque nationalist Herri Batasuna (HB) boycotted parliament (Hamann 1999, 121).


start_date: 1948-11-26
name: Spaak IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Spaak
data_source: mueller
comment:
Not coded in Müller/Strom as a distinct cabinet. However, the king had accepted the formal resignation of the preceding cabinet (De Winter 2000, 320).


start_date: 2007-12-20
name: Godmanis II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivars_Godmanis
data_source: bbc, nyt
comment:
The international financial crisis caused major political turmoil in Latvia. Godmanis survived a confidence vote (yes: 51, no: 40) on 3 February 2009. However, following coalition internal conflicts the People's Party as well as the Green and Farmers' Union demanded the resignation of the prime minister and he stepped down on 20 February 2009.


start_date: 1997-10-17
name: Bondevik I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjell_Magne_Bondevik
data_source: afp, reg-no
description:
Government was appointed on 17 October 1997.
Cabinet resigned on 9 March 2000, effective 17 March, after losing a confidence vote (yes: 71, no: 81, abstain: 13) on environmental legislation.


start_date: 1996-12-10
name: Vagnorius II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagnorius_Cabinet_II
data_source: mue-rom, reuters
description:
PM Vagnorius won an investiture vote (yes: 95, no: 5, abstain: 20) on 27 November 1996 and cabinet (yes: 87, no: 21) on 10 December.
Cabinet resigned on 26 February 1998, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 1975-02-13
name: Jorgensen II
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen_II
data_source: folketing, nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Danish Social-Liberal Party (RV), Conservatives (KF), Christian People's Party (KrF) 


start_date: 1963-08-28
name: Lyng
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lyng
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 28 August 1963.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote on 20 September (yes: 74, no: 76) and resigned on 25 September.


start_date: 1973-10-16
name: Bratteli II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratteli%27s_Second_Cabinet
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 October 1973.
PM Bratteli announced his resignation intend in September 1975 and formally resigned on 9 January 1976, effective 15 January.


start_date: 2000-12-20
name: Nastase I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_N%C4%83stase
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Nastase was appointed on 20 December 2000. The cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 314, no 145) on 28 December in a joint sitting of parliament and was appointed the same day.
Minority cabinet was supported by Liberals (PNL) and ethnic Hungarians (UDMR).
Cabinet ended with a reshuffle on 19 June 2003 to reduce cabinet size.


start_date: 2006-07-07
name: Balkenende IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-3
comment:
D66 withdrew from the Balkenende II government and Balkenende III caretaker cabinet came into office to prepare the 2006 election and the 2007 budget.


start_date: 1992-07-11
name: Suchocka I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hanna_Suchocka
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet was nominated on 8 July 1992 and won an investiture vote on 11 July (yes: 226, no: 124, abstain: 28).
Cabinet resigned on 28 May 1993 after losing a confidence vote (yes: 198, no: 223, abstain: 24) by one vote.


start_date: 2007-02-22
name: Balkenende V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-4
data_source: ejpr, nyt
comment:
The government collapsed on 20 February 2010 over disagreements on extending troop deployments in Afghanistan. PvdA pulled out of the coalition and Queen Beatrix accepted the resignation of their ministers on 23 February.


start_date: 1996-12-11
name: Ciorbea
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ciorbea
data_source: reuters
description:
Parties signed a coalition agreement on 6 December 1996. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 316, no: 152) on 11 December in a joint sitting of parliament and was appointed the day after.
Cabinet ended on 29 January 1998 when Democrats (PD) withdrew. PM Ciorbea resigned on 30 March 1998 and interim PM Dejeu was appointed the same day.


start_date: 1998-01-02
name: Tosovsky
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_To%C5%A1ovsk%C3%BD
data_source: reuters
description:
Interim PM Tosovsky and the caretaker cabinet were appointed on 2 January 1998 and won an investiture vote on 28 January (yes: 123, no 71, abstain: 3).
Minority cabinet was supported by Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD).
Cabinet ended with an early election on 20 June 1998.


start_date: 2008-12-30
name: Rompuy
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Rompuy_I_Government
data_source: afp, nzz
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 30 December 2008 and won an investiture vote on 2 January 2009 (yes: 88, no: 45).
Cabinet ended on 19 November 2009 after PM van Rompuy was chosen as President of the European Council and cabinet resigned on 24 November.


start_date: 1982-08-23
name: Spadolini II
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Spadolini_II
data_source: ap, mueller
description:
Previous cabinet reformed on 23 August 1982. 
PM Spadolini requested to resign on 11 November 1982 and submitted a second request two days later.


start_date: 1996-02-15
name: Stankevicius
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stankevi%C4%8Dius_Cabinet
data_source: ap, mue-rom
description:
PM Stankevičius won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 6) on 15 February 1996.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 1996.


start_date: 1989-10-16
name: Syse
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_P._Syse
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 October 1989.
Goverment collapsed on 29 October 1990 over the country's links to the European Community and formally resigned on 3 November.


start_date: 1961-09-11
name: Gerhardsen VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Gerhardsen lost a confidence vote (yes: 74 no: 76) on 23 August 1963 and the cabinet resigned on 28 August.


start_date: 1956-06-29
name: Raab II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Raab_II
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 29 June 1956.
On 9 March 1959, coalition parties agreed to call an early election after disagreement over housing and tax policies.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 May 1959 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 2010-09-14
name: Gillard II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillard_Ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Gillard formed a minority cabinet on 7 September 2010 after having found the support of four independent and one Green MP.
Cabinet was appointed on 14 September. 
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Gillard on 26 June 2013 after a leadership vote within the Labor Party (ALP).


start_date: 1994-10-16
name: Indzhova
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reneta_Indzhova
data_source: reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 16 October 1994.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 18 December 1994.


start_date: 1959-07-16
name: Raab III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Raab_III
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 July 1959. 
Cabinet submited its resignation on 22 October 1960 after disputes over 1961 budget and resigned on 3 November.


start_date: 1970-07-15
name: Karjalainen II
wikipedia: http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karjalaisen_toinen_hallitus
data_source: keesings, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 15 July 1970
Cabinet requested to resign on 17 March 1971 after internal divisions and it was reshuffled on 26 March.


start_date: 1981-06-23
name: Mauroy II
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Pierre_Mauroy_%282%29
data_source: pa-84
comment:
cabinet ended by formal resignation; junior minister of MRG in cabinet but no minister
Party "Movement of democrates" could not be identified. 


start_date: 2007-06-27
name: Brown
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Ministry
data_source: bpf
description:
Cabinet ended with election on 6 May 2010 and PM Brown resigned on 11 May following electoral defeat.


start_date: 1948-08-07
name: Drees I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Drees-1
comment:
Cabinet fell after VVD ministers resigned following a VVD vote supporting a motion of no-confidence that had no majority in parliament.


start_date: 1991-12-23
name: Olszewski
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Olszewski
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Government was appointed on 23 December 1991 after winning a confidence vote (yes: 235, no: 60, abstain: 139).
Government lost a vote of confidence on 4 June 1992 (yes: 119, no, 273, abstain: 33) after communist secret police files were distributed.


start_date: 1945-12-04
name: Figl I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Figl_I
data_source: mueller, oepa
description:
PM Figl was appointed on 4 December and the cabinet on 20 December.
Cabinet ended on 20 November 1947 when the Communist Party (KPO) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1996-07-02
name: Klaus III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus
data_source: ap, reuters
description:
PM Klaus was appointed on 2 July 1996 and the cabinet a day after. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 25 July (yes: 98, no: 40) through absent votes by the Social Democrats (CSSD). 
Two smaller coalition parties (KDU/CSL and ODA) withdrew from cabinet on 28/29 November 1997 and cabinet resigned on 30 November.


start_date: 1976-10-07
name: Falldin I
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_F%C3%A4lldin_I
data_source: berg-93, keesings, mueller
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 174, no: 160, abstain: 0). 
Cabinet resigned on 5 October in disagreement over nuclear energy policy.


start_date: 1976-07-29
name: Andreotti III
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Andreotti_III
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Andreotti was appointed on 29 July 1978 and the cabinet the day after.
Cabinet resigned on 16 January 1978 after losing minority support.


start_date: 1981-05-19
name: Falldin III
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_F%C3%A4lldin_III
data_source: mueller
comment: Negative parliamentarism (Bergmann 1993: 297).
description:
Parliament passed an investiture vote (yes: 102, no: 174, abstain: 62) on 22 Mai 1981 with no absolute majority against the cabinet.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 September 1982.


start_date: 1994-04-08
name: Drnovsek III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnovsek
data_source: bbc
description:
Continuation cabinet started on 8 April 1994 with a change in party composition of the previous cabinet.
It ended on 26 January 1996 when the Social Democrats (ZLSD) withdrew.


start_date: 2009-04-09
name: Fischer
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Fischer_%28Czech_politician%29
data_source: ctk, reuters
description:
Interim PM Fischer was appointed on 9 April 2009 and the caretaker cabinet on 8 May. He was nominated by Civic Democratics (ODS), Social Democrats (CSSD), Greens (SZ) and won an investiture vote on 7 June (yes: 156).
Cabinet ended with election on 29 May 2010 and resigned on 25 June.


start_date: 2007-11-16
name: Tusk I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Donald_Tusk
data_source: bbc, reuters
description:
Tusk was designated as prime minister on 9 November 2007 and appointed on 16 November. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 24 November (yes: 238, no: 204) and ended with elections on 9 October 2011.


start_date: 1992-07-02
name: Klaus I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Klaus was appointed on 2 July 1992 heading the Czech regional government.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 106, no: 94, abstain: 0). 
Cabinet ended on 31 December 1993 with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.


start_date: 1999-12-21
name: Isarescu
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 305, no: 35) on 21 December 1999 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 November 2000.


start_date: 2008-05-07
name: Cowen
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_30th_D%C3%A1il#28th_Government_of_Ireland
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Cowen won an investiture vote (yes: 88, no: 76) on 7 May 2008.
Cabinet ended on 23 January 2011 when the Green party withdrew.

comment:
There is a change in party composition when the PD was formally dissolved on 20 November 2009. Not coded as cabinet change since the PD minister remains in office as an independent.


start_date: 1994-09-27
name: Rasmussen N II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen_II
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was presented on 27 September 1994.
Minority cabinet was supported by Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and Red-Green Alliance (Enh).
Cabinet ended on 30 December 1996 when the Centre Democrats (CD) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1953-10-20
name: Adenauer II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Adenauer_II
data_source: wid
description:
Cabinet ended on 15 July 1955 when German Bloc (GB/BHE) ministers joined Christian Democrats (CDU) party group.


start_date: 1991-04-13
name: Andreotti VII
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Andreotti_VII
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Andreotti formed a new cabinet with all former coalition partners and presented it to President Cossiga on 12 April 1991. The cabinet was appointed the following day but the Republican Party (PRI) pulled out after a row over cabinet posts. It won a confidence vote (yes: 339, no: 207 [lower house]; yes: 177, no: 104 [upper house]) on 29 April.


start_date: 1956-09-26
name: Erlander V
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erlander_II
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet remained in office after elections on 26 September 1956.
Cabinet resigned on 26 October 1957 following the withdrawal of the Farmers' League (B) four days earlier.


start_date: 1978-03-08
name: Kyprianou II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyros_Kyprianou
data_source: keesings
description:
Cabinet was presented on 8 March 1978 following the re-election of President Kyprianou on 28 February.


start_date: 1998-10-21
name: D'Alema I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_D%27Alema_I
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM D'Alema and his cabinet were appointed on 21 October 1998 and won a confidence vote in parliament (yes: 333, no: 281 [lower house]) on 23 October and in the Senate (yes: 188, no: 116 [upper house]) on 27 October.
He resigned on 18 December 1999 after Republicans (UDR) and Socialists (SDI) called for his resignation.


start_date: 1988-09-18
name: Carlsson II
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Carlsson_II
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by either Liberals (FP) or Communists (VK).
PM Carlsson threatened to resign if the parliament would not support an economic rescue bill. He lost the vote (yes: 153, no: 190, absent: 6) and resigned on 15 February 1990.


start_date: 2009-10-06
name: Papandreou G
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Papandreou_%28junior%29
data_source: afp, ejpr, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 160, no: 140)  on 19 October 2009.
PM Papandreou announced his resignation on 6 November 2011 following an economic crisis. He submitted his resignation on 9 November after finding an agreement with opposition parties about a national unity government.


start_date: 1959-01-13
name: Sukselainen III
wikipedia: http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukselaisen_II_hallitus
data_source: nyt, valt
description:
Sukselainen resigned on 29 June 1961 following his conviction for administrative irregularities in the State Pensions Institution.


start_date: 1978-10-20
name: Vanden Boeynants II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Vanden_Boeynants
data_source: mueller, nyt
comment:
Caretaker cabinet remains in office for more than three months before and after the election (17 December 1978) but continuation caretaker cabinets are only coded ones.


start_date: 1991-11-05
name: Miyazawa
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Miyazawa lost a confidence vote (yes: 220, no: 255) on 18 June 1993 and dissolved parliament.
Cabinet resigned on 5 August 1993.


start_date: 1996-12-30
name: Rasmussen N III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen_III
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 30 December 1996 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and Red-Green Alliance (Enh).
Cabinet ended with an early election on 11 March 1998.


start_date: 2003-02-28
name: Schuessel III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Sch%C3%BCssel_II
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 28 February 2003.
Cabinet ended on 4 April 2005 after ministers of the Freedom Party (FPO) formed a new party.


start_date: 2007-01-09
name: Topolanek II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek%27s_Second_Cabinet
data_source: ap, reuters
description:
PM Topolanek was appointed on 9 January 2007 and cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 100, no: 97) on 19 January.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 96, no: 101) on 24 March 2009 following political infighting and PM Topolanek resigned two days later.


start_date: 1990-06-29
name: Pithart
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Pithart
data_source: bbc
description:
PM Pithart was appointed on 29 June 1990 heading the Czech regional government.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 June 1992.


start_date: 2008-03-20
name: Leterme I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leterme_I_Government
data_source: dw, reuters
description:
PM Leterme was appointed on 20 March 2008 and won an investiture vote (yes: 97, no: 48, abstain: 1) three days later.
PM Leterme offered to resign on 14 July 2008 after failing to find support for strengthening regional autonomy. The request was rejected by the king three days later and the New Flemish Alliance (NVA) withdrew from the coalition over the issue on 21 September 2008.
The entire  cabinet offered its resignation on 19 December 2008 following allegations of exerting pressure on courts over bank bailout cases. The resignation was accepted by the king on 22 December 2008.

comment:
Cabinet ends with withdrawal of the N-VA on 21 September 2008 and requests to resign on 19 December. Coded as one observation due to three month coding rule.


start_date: 1996-12-01
name: Vahi III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiit_V%C3%A4hi%27s_third_cabinet
data_source: mue-rom, reuters
description:
PM Vahi resigned on 25 February 1997 over a political controversy several years ago concerning his role in the privatizations of apartments.


start_date: 1971-07-14
name: Johannesson I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93lafur_J%C3%B3hannesson
data_source: indridason, nyt
description:
Cabinet ended when Liberal Left (Sfvm) withdrew from coalition over an anti-inflation bill.
PM Johannesson resigned on 2 July 1974.


start_date: 1996-05-18
name: Prodi I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Prodi_I
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Prodi and his cabinet were appointed 18 May 1996 and won a confidence vote in the Senate (yes: 173, no 139 [upper house]) on 24 May and in parliament (yes: 322, no: 299 [lower house]) on 31 May.
Minority cabinet was supported by the Communist Refoundation (PRC).
Cabinet fell when PRC withdrew its support over proposed budget cuts. PM Prodi lost a confidence vote (yes: 313, no: 312) and resigned on 9 October 1998.


start_date: 2007-04-19
name: Vanhanen II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen%27s_second_cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters, valt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 19 April 2007.
PM Vanhanen announced in December 2008 that he would end his second term early and resigned on 18 June 2010.


start_date: 2004-12-14
name: Brazauskas IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas
data_source: afp
description:
PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 78, no: 38, abstain: 1) on 24 November 2004 and cabinet (yes: 68, no: 44, abstain: 3) on 14 December.
Cabinet ended on 11 April 2006 after New Union (NS) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2008-02-28
name: Christofias I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitris_Christofias
data_source: afp, cymail
description:
President Christofias was sworn in on 28 February 2008 and the cabinet one day later.
Cabinet ends with the resignation of Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK) ministers on 1 March 2010.


start_date: 1994-11-29
name: Vranitzky IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vranitzky_IV
data_source: afp, mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 29 November 1994.
On 13 October 1995, coalition parties agreed to call an early election after disagreement over the 1996 budget. 
Cabinet ended with an early election on 17 December 1995 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1985-09-15
name: Palme V
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Palme_II
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Olof Palme was assassinated on 28 February 1986 and Ingvar Carlsson became acting Prime Minister.


start_date: 1996-10-28
name: Sant
data_source: reuters
description:
In November 1997 MP Dom Mintoff, a former PM, withdrew from supporting the government in several votes but vowed not to bring it down. Further divisions led to a lost vote of confidence (yes: 34, no: 35) on 7 July 1998 and early electons were announced on 3 August.


start_date: 2007-06-18
name: Fillon II
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_(2)
data_source: ejpr
description:
PM Fillion was re-appointed by President Sarkozy on 18 June 2007 and the cabinet was appointment a day later.


start_date: 1985-09-08
name: Willoch III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5re_Willoch
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Cabinet depended on support of the Progress Party.
It lost a confidence vote (yes: 78, no: 79) over a gas tax bill on 30 April 1986 and resigned on 9 May 1986.


start_date: 2010-07-08
name: Radicova I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iveta_Radi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1
data_source: ap, bbc, reuters
description:
PM Radičová was appointed on 8 July 2010 with the cabinet appointment one day after. The cabinet passed an investiture vote (yes: 79, no: 66) on 10 August 2010.
On 11 October 2011 PM Radičová asked for a vote of confidence (yes: 55, no: 9, abstain: 60, absent: 26) linking it to a proposal on the European bailout mechanism, according to article 114 (3) of the constitution. The coalition partner Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) refused to back the cabinet.

comment:
Coded as an equivalent to a substantively meaningful resignation due to a change into a caretaker cabinet.


start_date: 1972-10-05
name: Jorgensen I
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen_I
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and MPs from Greenland and Faroe Islands (GrFa).
Cabinet lost a tax vote (yes: 86, no: 86) on 9 November 1973, ended with an early election on 4 December and resigned on 5 December.


start_date: 1996-03-12
name: Vranitzky V
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vranitzky_V
data_source: aufo, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 12 March 1996.
PM Vranitzky resigned on 18 January 1997 after his party suffered electoral defeats in the European and Vienna City Council elections.


start_date: 1977-05-25
name: Den Uyl II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Den_Uyl
comment:
Election date (25 June 1977) set as start date because caretaker cabinet remains in office for more than three months after election but elections took place within three months after resignation (22 March 1977).


start_date: 1965-10-26
name: Erhard II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Erhard_II
data_source: nyt
description:
CDU executive committee nominated new candidates to succeed chancellor Erhard on 8 November 1966 and he lost an informal confidence vote ('Vertrauensfrage-Ersuchen') on the same day.


start_date: 1978-01-23
name: Soares II
data_source: keesings, mueller
comment:
Soares was dismissed on 27 July 1978 after refusing to resign following CDS defection from the government


start_date: 1997-12-08
name: Shipley I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 8 December 1997.
Cabinet ended with withdrawal of the New Zealand First Party (NZFP) on 14 August 1998.


start_date: 1980-11-05
name: Schmidt III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Schmidt_III
data_source: dhbt, nyt
description:
FDP ministers resigned on 17 September 1982 and the FDP parliamentary group agreed on 29 September to elect Kohl as Chancellor. Schmidt lost a confidence vote (yes: 256, no: 235, abstain: 4, constructive no-vote) on 1 October and PM Kohl was elected. Earlier this year, Schmidt got support in a confidence vote (yes: 269, no: 224) on 2 February.


start_date: 1991-11-05
name: Dimitrov
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Dimitrov
data_source: nyt, reuters
description:
PM Dimitrov was appointed on 5 November 1991 and the cabinet was approved (yes: 128, no: 90) three days later.
Cabinet resigned on 28 December 1992 after losing a confidence vote (yes:120, no: 111).


start_date: 1975-10-28
name: Kreisky III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Kreisky_III
data_source: faz, mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 28 October 1975.
PM Kreisky initiated an early election after losing a referendum on nuclear energy on 5 November 1978.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 May 1979 and resigned three days later.


start_date: 1999-04-15
name: Lipponen II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen's_second_cabinet
data_source: reuters, valt
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 129, no: 54, absent: 16) on 23 April 1999.
Cabinet ended on 26 Mai 2002 after the Greens (VIHR) withdrew following parliamentary approval to build a new nuclear power plant two days earlier. Environment minister Satu Hassi was replaced on 31 May.


start_date: 1970-04-21
name: Kreisky I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Kreisky_I
data_source: faz, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 21 April 1970.
Minority cabinet was supported by the Freedom Party (FPO).
PM Kreisky initiated an early election on 6 July 1971 to win a new mandate. Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 October 1971 and resigned on 19 October.


start_date: 2006-07-14
name: Kaczynski
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 14 July 2006 and won an investiture vote (yes: 240, no: 205) on 19 July.
Coalition ended on 13 August 2007 when PM Kaczyński dismissed all Self-Defense (SRP) and League of Polish Families (LPR) ministers and called for early election. The cabinet resigned on 5 November following defeat in the election.

comment:
Coded as one cabinet because election takes place within three months (19 October) and new government forms within three month after election (16 November).


start_date: 1969-10-22
name: Brandt I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Brandt_I
data_source: dhbt, nyt
description:
Brandt I cabinet lost its legislative majority after several FDP MPs crossed the floor. Opposition leader Barzel (CDU) initiated a constructive vote of no-confidence (yes: 247, no: 10, abstain: 3, total: 260) on 27 April 1972 to be elected as chancellor but gained no majority support. Brandt called for a vote of confidence (yes: 233, no: 248, abstain: 1) on 20 September 1972 to allow for a dissolution of parliament and new elections.


start_date: 1953-04-21
name: Eriksen II
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erik_Eriksen
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Eriksen informed King Frederik IX in early May 1953 that his government would continue with minority support from Radical Liberals (RV) and Justice Party (RF).
Cabinet ended with election on 22 September 1953 and resigned on 29 September.


start_date: 1951-10-01
name: Erlander III
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erlander_II
data_source: mueller
description:
Continuation cabinet started on 1 October 1951 when Agrarian (B) ministers were appointed and ended with elections on 21 September 1952.


start_date: 1990-04-11
name: Mitsotakis Kon
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 11 April 1990.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 152, no: 146, abstain: 1, absent: 1) on 26 April 1990.
Cabinet resigned  on 9 September 1993 after losing parliamentary majority. Some MPs from the New Democracy (ND) party group withdrew their support in conflict over the Republic of Macedonia.


start_date: 1971-11-04
name: Kreisky II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Kreisky_II
data_source: mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 4 November 1971.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 October 1975 and resigned three days later.


start_date: 1952-09-02
name: Drees III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Drees-3
description:
Drees submitted a resignation request on 17 Mai 1955 after losing a confidence vote (yes:48, no: 50) over housing subsidies. He withdrew the resignation request on 3 June.


start_date: 1990-05-23
name: Antall
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Antall
data_source: mue-rom
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 218, no: 126, abstain: 8) on 23 May 1990.
Antall became ill with cancer and died on 12 December 1993.


start_date: 1996-05-05
name: Aznar I
data_source: nyt
description:
Minority cabinet supported by small regional parties, especially Convergence and Unity (CiU) and Basque National Party (PNV) (Hopkin 2005, 389),


start_date: 1996-11-07
name: Hashimoto II
data_source: afp
description:
PM Hashimoto was elected on 7 November 1996 (yes: 262).
Cabinet announced resignation on 13 July 1998, effective 30 July, following defeat in upper house elections.


start_date: 1956-03-03
name: Fagerholm II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl-August_Fagerholm%27s_second_cabinet
data_source: keesings, nyt, valt
description:
Fagerholm lost party support and was defeated on 24 April 1957 by a single vote in an election for the party presidency of the SSDP.


start_date: 2009-09-16
name: Hatoyama Y
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukio_Hatoyama
data_source: bbc
description:
Conflict over a US military base on Okinawa led to the fall of the cabinet and PM Hatoyama resigned on 2 June 2010. Previously, the SDP quit the coalition on 30 May 2010.


start_date: 1955-07-15
name: Adenauer III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Adenauer_II
data_source: nyt, wid
description:
Cabinet ended on 23 February 1956 after ministers of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) withdrew from the party group.


start_date: 1979-10-26
name: Jorgensen V
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen_IV
data_source: folketing, nyt, parline
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Christian People's Party (KrF) and Social-Liberal Party (RV).
Cabinet lost a vote over an economic reform bill (yes: 74, no: 78, abstain: 10) on 12 November 1981 and PM Jorgensen dissolved parliament (Parline, NYT). He resigned on 9 December following electoral defeat (NYT).


start_date: 1957-10-31
name: Erlander VI
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erlander_III
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 31 October 1957.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 111, no: 117) on 25 April 1958 over a pension bill and dissolved parliament three days later.


start_date: 2002-04-06
name: Barroso
description: Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 119, no: 110, abstain: 0) on 18 April 2002.
comment:
EJPR Yearbook lists one minister that is independent but member of parliament but there are no independent members of parliament in the last election outcomes.


start_date: 1995-01-17
name: Dini I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Dini
data_source: reuters
description:
A technocratic cabinet under PM Dine was appointed on 17 January 1995 and won a confidence vote in parliament (yes: 302, no: 39, abstain: 270 [lower house]) on 25 January and in the Senate (yes: 191, no: 17, abstain: 2 [upper house]) on 1 February.
Cabinet had no stable majority support. In October 1995 (facing a confidence motion) Dini promised to resign by the end of the year after passing the 1996 budget. 
Dini offered his resignation on 30 December 1995 (rejected by President Scalfaro) and resigned on 11 January 1996.


start_date: 2010-06-22
name: Kiviniemi
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_Kiviniemi%27s_cabinet
data_source: reuters, stt, valt, yle
description:
PM Kiviniemi won an investiture vote (yes: 115, no: 56, abstain: 4, absent: 24) on 22 June 2010.
Cabinet  ended with regular election on 18 March 2011 and PM Kiviniemi handed in her resignation on 28 April.


start_date: 1972-02-17
name: Andreotti I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Andreotti_I
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Andreotti was appointed by President Giovanni Leone on 17 February 1972 but failed to win an investiture vote in the senate (yes: 151, no: 158) on 26 February 1972 and resigned the same day.


start_date: 2001-07-12
name: Brazauskas I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazauskas_Cabinet_I
data_source: elta, mue-rom, reuters
description:
PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 45) on 3 July 2001 and cabinet (yes: 81, no: 36, abstain: 6) on 12 July.
Cabinet resigned on 26 February 2003, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 1997-01-28
name: Klima I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Klima
data_source: afp, aufo
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 28 January 1997.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 October 1999 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1993-08-06
name: Hosokawa
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Hosokawa was elected (yes: 262, total: 503 [lower house]; yes: 132, total: 240 [upper house]) and the cabinet was appointed three days later.


start_date: 1974-03-04
name: Wilson III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Government_1974-1979
data_source: bpf
description:
Minority cabinet with support of the Ulster Unionists.
PM Wilson called an early election on 18 September 1974 to win a legislative majority.


start_date: 2005-08-17
name: Stanishev
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Stanishev
data_source: bta
description:
PM Stanishev was approved on 16 August 2005 (yes: 168, no: 67) and his cabinet (yes: 169, no: 68) the same day.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 July 2009.


start_date: 2005-10-17
name: Clark III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: ejpr
description:
Minority cabinet with confidence and supply from New Zealand First Party and United Future. The Greens agreed to abstain on votes of confidence and supply. The Māori Party also abstained on confidence and supply votes without a formal agreement.


start_date: 2009-11-25
name: Leterme II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leterme_II_Government
data_source: bbc, nzz
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 53, abstain: 0) on 27 November 2009.
Leterme offered to resign on 22 April 2010 following an unresolved conflict in the coalition over electoral reform in a district and the resignation was accepted by the King four days later.


start_date: 1966-02-23
name: Moro III
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Moro_III
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Moro was appointed on 24 February 1966 and cabinet won confidence votes on 8 March 1966 (yes: 347, no: 251 [lower house]) and 15 March (yes: 173, no: 123 [upper house]).


start_date: 1998-04-15
name: Vasile
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radu_Vasile
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 317, no: 124) on 15 April 1998 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Cabinet ended on 14 December 1999 when PM Vasile was dismissed by President Constantinescu and resigned three days later.


start_date: 2007-12-21
name: Verhofstadt IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verhofstadt_III
data_source: reuters
description:
Interim government until March 2008 when Yves Leterme was supposed to form a new government.
PM Verhofstadt and the cabinet were appointed on 21 December 2007. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 97, no: 46, abstain: 1) two days later.
PM Verhofstadt and the cabinet resigned on 20 March 2008.


start_date: 1998-07-17
name: Zeman
wikipedia: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vl%C3%A1da_Milo%C5%A1e_Zemana
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Zeman was appointed on 17 July 1998 and the cabinet five days later. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 19 August (yes: 73; no: 39; abstain: 24).
Minority cabinet was supported by Civic Democratic Party (ODS).
Cabinet ended with regular election on 14 June 2002 and resigned on 12 July.


start_date: 1948-11-19
name: Erlander II
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erlander_I
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet remained in office after elections on 19 November 1948 and ended with a change in party composition on 1 October 1951.


start_date: 1949-12-19
name: Menzies IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Menzies_Ministry
data_source: hug-68, nyt
description:
Cabinet ended on 17 March 1951 with the agreement of the Govenor General to dissolve the Parliament and the Senate.


start_date: 1945-04-27
name: Renner IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisorische_Staatsregierung_Renner_1945
data_source: bka, nyt
description:
Provisional cabinet was formed on 27 April 1945.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 October 1945 and resigned on 28 November.


start_date: 1960-11-18
name: Kampmann II
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Viggo_Kampmann_II
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Kampmann formed the cabinet on 18 November 1960.
Minority cabinet was supported by Mikael Gaam from Greenland joining the cabinet as special minister.
PM Kampmann resigned on 31 August due to health issues.


start_date: 1988-05-09
name: Martens VIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfried_Martens
data_source: mueller
description: Cabinet ended on 29 September 1991 after People's Union (VU) left.
comment:
PM Martens asked to resign on 4 October. The King did not accept the request on 7 October but called for early elections.


start_date: 1989-07-23
name: Andreotti VI
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Andreotti_VI
data_source: mueller
description:
PM Andreotti resigned on 29 March 1991 following a cabinet crisis initiated by former PM Craxi and his Socialist Party (PSI).


start_date: 1992-12-30
name: Berov
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyuben_Berov
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was approved (yes: 127, no: 24) on 30 December 1992 after a two-month long political crisis. PM Berov was nominated by the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS), but is without any party affiliation.
Cabinet resigned on 2 September 1994 due to the political crisis starting with the vote of confidence on 26 May.


start_date: 1979-06-05
name: Kreisky IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Kreisky_IV
data_source: mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 5 June 1979.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 24 April 1983 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 2008-03-12
name: Gonzi II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Gonzi
data_source: bbc
description:
The cabinet lost its one-seat majority on 10 December 2012 when MP Debono (PN) voted against the budget bill. Cabinet ended with election on 9 March 2013.


start_date: 2009-10-28
name: Merkel II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel_Cabinet_II
data_source: dw, wid
description:
PM Merkel  won an investiture vote (yes: 323, no: 258, abstain: 4) on 28 October 2009.
Cabinet lost its upper house majority on 14 July 2010 when a new cabinet took office in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 September 2013.


start_date: 2006-10-05
name: Reinfeldt I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Fredrik_Reinfeldt
data_source: afp
description:
PM Reinfeldt won an investiture vote on 5 October 2006 (yes: 175, no: 169) and presented his cabinet the day after.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 19 September 2010.


start_date: 1999-03-25
name: Laar II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart_Laar
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 25 March 1999.
PM Laar announced to resign on 19 December 2001 following coalition infighting.


start_date: 1964-04-02
name: Klaus I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Klaus_I
data_source: apa, bka
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 2 April 1964.
Cabinet resigned on 23 October 1965 and coalition parties agreed to call an early election after disagreement over the 1966 budget.


start_date: 1946-03-31
name: Van Acker III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achille_Van_Acker
data_source: keesings, mueller
description:
Van Acker resigned on 9 July 1946 after losing a confidence vote (yes: 78, no: 79, abstain: 3) in the Senate.


start_date: 2010-06-04
name: Kan
data_source: bbc, yomiuri
description:
PM Kan won an investiture vote (yes: 313, total: 477 [lower house]; yes: 123, total: 237 [upper house]) on 4 June 2010 and the cabinet was appointed four days later.
Cabinet lost its upper house majority in an election on 11 July 2010.
Cabinet resigned on 30 August following criticism after a tsunami in March and the crisis at a nuclear power plant.


start_date: 2006-04-11
name: Brazauskas V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algirdas_Brazauskas
data_source: afp, reuters
comment: Acting PM not coded as a new cabinet according to three-month-rule.
description:
Cabinet continued on 11 April 2006 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 31 May 2006 after Labour Party (DP) withdrew from the coalition. PM Brazauskas announced his resignation the same day and submitted it a day later.
Acting PM Balcytis lost an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 48, abstain: 32) on 20 June.


start_date: 2008-04-12
name: Zapatero II
data_source: afp
description:
PM Zapatero failed to win an absolute majority in an investiture vote on 9 April 2008 (yes: 168, no: 158, abstain: 23) and was elected by simple majority in a second vote (yes: 169, no: 158, abstain: 23) two days later. The prime minister was appointed on 12 April and the cabinet was presented two days after.
Zapatero called early elections on 29 July 2011 and the cabinet ends with election on 20 November 2011.


start_date: 2002-07-15
name: Spidla
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_%C5%A0pidla
data_source: afp
description:
PM Spidla and the cabinet were appointed on 15 July 2002. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 7 August (yes: 101; no: 98).
PM Spidla resigned on 26 June 2004 following a defeat of his party in the European Parliament election and after narrowly surviving a confidence vote in his party.


start_date: 2007-12-12
name: Bundesrat 2007
data_source: reuters
description:
Federal Council was elected on 12 December 2007 and the Swiss Peoples Party (SVP) went into opposition.
Cabinet ended with a change in party composition on 10 December 2008.

comment:
SVP member Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf was elected instead of Christoph Blocher, later expelled from the party and a founding member the BDP. SVP and BDP are not coded as cabinet members.


start_date: 1997-10-31
name: Buzek I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerzy_Buzek
data_source: mue-rom
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 11 November 1997 (yes: 260, no: 173, abstain: 2) on 11 November 1997.


start_date: 1979-04-03
name: Martens I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martens_I_Government
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Martens was appointed on 3 April 1980.
Cabinet ended on 16 January 1980 when Democratic Front (FDF) ministers resigned.


start_date: 1999-12-21
name: D'Alema II
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_D%27Alema_II
data_source: reuters
description:
PM D'Alema and his cabinet were appointed on 22 December 1999. The cabinet won a confidence vote in the Senate (yes: 177, no: 100 [upper house]) on the same day and in parliament (yes: 310, no: 287 [lower house]) the day after.
D'Alema offered to resign on 17 April 2000 after losses of centre-left parties in regional elections and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1990-12-17
name: Vranitzky III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vranitzky_III
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 17 December 1990.
Cabinet ended with election on 10 October 1994 and resigned the next day.


start_date: 1962-04-15
name: Pompidou I
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Georges_Pompidou_%281%29
data_source: pa-84
description:
PM Pompidou lost a confidence vote (yes: 200, no: 280) on 5 October 1962 over plans to introduce direct presidential elections and cabinet resigned on 6 October.


start_date: 1990-05-16
name: Peterle
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojze_Peterle
data_source: berg-19, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 153, no: 41, abstain: 46).
PM Peterle was sworn in on 16 May 1990.
PM Peterle lost a vote of confidence and resigned on 22 April 1992.


start_date: 1994-10-06
name: Carlsson IV
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Carlsson_III
data_source: ap, mueller, reuters
description:
PM Carlsson won an investiture vote (yes: 180, no: 26, abstain: 130) on 6 October 1994.
PM Carlsson unexpectedly announced on 18 August 1995 that he would resign the following March.


start_date: 2002-10-22
name: Schroeder II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6der_Cabinet_II
data_source: bbc
description:
PM Schröder announced on 22 May 2005 that he intended to call for early election. He initiated and lost a vote of confidence (yes: 151, no: 296, abstain: 148) on 1 July 2005 and most coalition MPs abstained from voting.


start_date: 1961-04-11
name: Gorbach I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Gorbach_I
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 11 April 1961.
On 12 July 1962, coalition parties agreed to call an early election to seek a fresh mandate before the beginning of negotiations with the European Economic Community.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 18 November 1962 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 2010-05-19
name: Boc III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boc_Cabinets
data_source: ager, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 19 May 2010 after a change in party composition when National Union (UNPR) signed a cooperation agreement with the cabinet.
PM Boc resigned on 6 February 2012 after mass protests against the cabinet's austerity measures.


start_date: 1995-01-26
name: Videnov
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhan_Videnov
data_source: bbc, reuters
comment: Three cabinet parties that formed an electoral alliance.
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 131, no: 15) on 26 January 1995.
PM Videnov presented his resignation on 21 December 1996 and it was approved (yes: 211, no: 3, abstain: 9) a week later.


start_date: 1958-03-29
name: Frieden
wikipedia: http://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierung_Frieden
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Frieden was appointed on 31 March 1958.
Cabinet resigned on 10 December 1958 after the LSAP left the coalition.


start_date: 2002-10-16
name: Dzurinda II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzurinda%27s_Second_Cabinet
data_source: ejpr, rferl
description:
Cabinet lost majority support on 8 December 2003 following the formation of a breakaway group by coalition party MPs.
Cabinet ended on 6 February 2006 after Christian Democrats (KDH) withdrew and PM Dzurinda announced early elections a day later. 


start_date: 2007-05-24
name: Haarde II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geir_Haarde
data_source: afp, ejpr
description:
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Haarde on 23 November 2009 after growing pressure for the government to resign over its handling of the economic crisis. 


start_date: 1993-01-12
name: Drnovsek II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnovsek
data_source: afp, bbc, vlada
description:
PM Drnovšek won a confidence vote (yes: 48) on 12 January 1993 and presented his cabinet on 25 January.
Cabinet ended on 8 April 1994 when the Social Democrats (SDS) withdrew.


start_date: 1952-10-28
name: Figl IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Figl_III
data_source: bka, mueller
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 28 October 1952 after the previous cabinet fell. 
Cabinet ended with an early election on 22 February 1953 and resigned three days later.


start_date: 1966-04-19
name: Klaus III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Klaus_II
data_source: mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 19 April 1966.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 March 1970 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1996-01-26
name: Drnovsek IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnovsek
description:
Continuation cabinet started on 26 January 1996 with a change in party composition of the previous cabinet and ends with regular elections on 10 November 1996.


start_date: 1992-10-21
name: Laar I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart_Laar
data_source: bbc, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 21 October 1992.
PM Laar lost a confidence vote (yes: 27, no: 60, abstain: 1) on 26 September 1994 due to a lack of credibility and doubts about his government style. Both coalition partners supported the removal of the prime minister.


start_date: 1991-11-24
name: Martens IX
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfried_Martens
data_source: reuters
comment: Start date set to 24 November 1991 (election date) following three month coding rule.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after the previous coalition broke apart until a new coalition formed following elections on 24 November 1991.


start_date: 1994-12-15
name: Bruton
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Irish_general_election
description:
PM Bruton won an investiture vote (yes: 85, no: 74) on 15 December 1994.
Cabinet with majority support formed on 15 December 1994.

comment:
Cabinet parties "secured an overall majority as a result of the several by-elections fought since the 1992 election." (EJPR PDY: 1995: 381)


start_date: 2001-07-24
name: Sakskoburggotski
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_II_of_Bulgaria
data_source: bta
description:
PM Sakskoburggotski (yes: 141, no: 50, abstain: 46) and his cabinet (yes: 147, no: 50 , abstain: 41) were approved on 24 July 2001.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 June 2005.


start_date: 1970-09-20
name: Palme II
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Palme_I
data_source: nyt
description:
Minority government supported by Communists (VK). It ends with regular elections on 16 September 1973.


start_date: 2006-07-04
name: Kirkilas I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gediminas_Kirkilas
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Kirkilas won an investiture vote (yes: 86, no: 13, abstain: 5) on 4 July 2006 and cabinet (yes: 58, no: 49, abstain: 2) on 18 July.
Minority cabinet supported by Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD).
Cabinet ended with election on 12 October 2008.


start_date: 2004-08-04
name: Gross
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Gross
data_source: afp, reuters
comment: EJPR (2005, p. 985) gives 21 seats for KDU-CSL and 10 seats for US-DEU.
description:
PM Gross and the cabinet were appointed on 4 August. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 24 August (yes: 101; no: 99).
Christian Democrats left cabinet on 30 March 2005. Two days later, Gross survived a confidence vote (yes: 76 , no: 78, abstain: 44) with tactic support from the Communists in form of abstaining to vote (KSCM) but resigned on 25 April.


start_date: 2007-10-01
name: Karamanlis Kos II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis
data_source: afp, ejpr
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 152, no: 148) on 1 October 2007.
Cabinet ended on 3 September 2009 when PM Karamanlis asked President Papoulias to dissolve parliament and to call a snap election.


start_date: 2007-01-11
name: Gusenbauer
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusenbauer_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 8 January 2007.
Cabinet ended on 7 July 2008 after the Conservatives (OVP) withdrew from the coalition and formally resigned on 2 December.

comment:
No caretaker cabinet added, because election (28 September 2008) took place within three month after termination (7 July) and formal resignation (2 December) followed within three month after election.


start_date: 1978-10-13
name: Ullsten
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Ullsten
data_source: keesings, mueller, nyt, riksdag
comment: Negative parliamentarism (Bergmann 1993: 297).
description:
Parliament passed an investiture vote (yes: 39, no: 66, abstain: 215) on 13 October 1978 with no absolute majority against the cabinet.


start_date: 1976-04-05
name: Callaghan
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Government_1974-1979
data_source: bpf, nyt
description:
Cabinet lost majority support by April 1976. Minority cabinet was supported by Liberals (L) from March 1977 until August 1978.
Callaghan lost a vote of confidence (yes: 310, no: 311) on 28 March 1979 and called early elections following industrial unrest ('Winter of Discontent').


start_date: 1958-05-12
name: Pflimlin
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Pierre_Pflimlin
data_source: pa-84
comment:
One minister appointed by African Democratic Rally (RDA).
Party "Gauche Democr." could not be identified. 


start_date: 1961-07-14
name: Miettunen I
wikipedia: http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miettusen_I_hallitus
data_source: valt
description:
Cabinet under PM Miettunen was appointed 14 July 1961 and ended with elections on 5 February 1962.  


start_date: 2008-12-22
name: Boc I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boc_I_Cabinet
data_source: bbc
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 324, no: 115) on 22 December 2008.
PSD ministers resigned on 1 October 2009 and the cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 254, no: 176) on 13 October. It remained in office until the new cabinet formed following presidential elections.


start_date: 2006-08-16
name: Topolanek I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek%27s_First_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Topolanek was appointed on 16 August 2006 and the cabinet on 4 September. 
Cabinet lost an investiture vote (yes: 96, no: 99) on 3 October and resigned on 11 October.


start_date: 2009-07-23
name: Juncker IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker
data_source: reuters, tagbla
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 23 June 2009.
PM Juncker resigned on 11 July 2013 and early elections were called.


start_date: 1992-06-05
name: Pawlak I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Waldemar_Pawlak
data_source: afp
comment: Cabinet recorded according to coding rule "any change of the prime minister".
description:
Pawlak was appointed by President Lech Wałęsa as Prime Minister and elected in parliament on 5 June 1992 (yes: 261, no: 149, abstain: 7) but failed to find majority support for his potential government.
He resigned on 10 July after parliament accepted his resignation (yes: 286, no: 11, abstain: 107).


start_date: 2008-10-30
name: Harper II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry
data_source: afp
description:
PM Harper won election on 14 October 2008 and presented his cabinet on 30 October.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 145, no: 156) on 25 March 2011 over budget plans. The following day, he asked to dissolve the parliament.


start_date: 1960-03-26
name: Tambroni
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Tambroni
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Tambroni formed an "emergency" government that took office on 26 March 1960 and won an investiture vote (yes: 300, no: 293) on 8 April.
Cabinet resigned on 19 July 1960 following an agreement among centre parties about forming a new government.


start_date: 1963-03-27
name: Gorbach III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Gorbach_II
data_source: mueller, nyt, times
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 27 March 1963 after four months of deadlock in the formation process.
PM Gorbach declared to resign on 20 February 1964 following disputes within the Austrian People's Party (OVP) and handed in his resignation four days later. The cabinet resigned on 2 April.

comment:
On 25 February 1964 President Schärf lanced a discussion of whether the resignation of a PM would also require the resignation of the whole cabinet.


start_date: 1945-07-06
name: Forde
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forde_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Caretaker cabinet under PM Forde took office after the death of PM Curtin until the United Australia Party (UAP) elected a new leader.


start_date: 1956-02-24
name: Adenauer IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Adenauer_II
data_source: nyt, wid
comment: DP and FVP merger not coded as a new cabinet since no coalition bargaining took place.
description:
Cabinet continued on 24 February 1956 when Christian Democrats (CDU) announced to continue the previous coalition with ministers that resigned from the Free Democratic (FDP) party group.
Cabinet changed when German Party (DP) and Free People's Party (FVP) party groups formed a cooperation agreement on 27 September 1956 and formally merged on 14 March 1957.


start_date: 1967-12-19
name: McEwen
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McEwen_Ministry
data_source: hug-77
description:
Caretaker cabinet under PM McEwen took office after the death of PM Holt until the Government parties appoint a new leader.


start_date: 1982-10-01
name: Kohl I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Kohl_I
data_source: dhbt
comment: see confidence vote coded for Schmidt III.
description:
Cabinet won a constructive vote of no confidence on 1 October 1982 against Schmidt III cabinet.
PM Kohl initiated a confidence vote (yes: 8, no: 218, abstain: 248) on 17 December 1982 and most coalition MPs abstained from voting, to dissolve parliament and call a snap election.


start_date: 1997-02-27
name: Drnovsek V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Drnovsek
data_source: rferl
description:
PM Drnovsek lost a confidence vote on 8 April 2000 after Slovenian People's Party (SLS) ministers announced to withdraw from the coalition.


start_date: 2010-02-23
name: Balkenende VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-4
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after Queen Beatrix called early election on 23 February 2010.

comment:
Caretaker cabinet remains more than three month in office before and after the election but continuation caretaker cabinets are only code ones.


start_date: 1977-09-11
name: Nordli II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odvar_Nordli
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
PM Nordli resigned on 31 January 1981, effective 4 February, following a controversy over US weapons in Norway.


start_date: 1993-07-09
name: Gonzalez IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_government_of_Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez
description:
Minority cabinet supported by small regional parties, especially Convergence and Unity (CiU) (Hopkin 2005, 389),


start_date: 1969-09-07
name: Borten II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_Borten
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
PM Borten resigned on 2 March 1971, effective 17 March, following a disclosure of confidential documents about negotiations on European Economic Community membership.


start_date: 1952-03-08
name: Pinay
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Antoine_Pinay
data_source: nyt, pa-84
comment: Appointment date based on Assemblée Nationale source. Party "Payson" could not be identified.
description:
Antoine Pinay surprisingly won parliamentary support (yes: 324, no: 206) as PM on 6 March 1952. Cabinet was appointed two days later and won a confidence vote (yes: 290, no:101) on 11 March.


start_date: 1953-04-02
name: Raab I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Raab_I
data_source: faz, mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 2 April 1953.
On 28 February 1956, coalition parties agreed to call an early election after a conflict over former German properties.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 13 May 1956 and resigned one day later.


start_date: 2002-05-31
name: Lipponen III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen's_second_cabinet
data_source: valt
description:
Cabinet started on 31 May 2002 with a replacement of the Green (VIHR) environment minister.
Cabinet ended with election on 16 March 2003 and resigned on 17 April.


start_date: 1956-07-24
name: Jonasson V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_J%C3%B3nasson
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 24 July 1956.
Cabinet resigned on 4 December 1958 in disagreement over economic policy.


start_date: 1999-10-05
name: Obuchi III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiz%C5%8D_Obuchi
data_source: afp
description:
Komeito entered cabinet on 5 October 1999.
PM Obuchi suffered a stroke on 1 April 2000 was replaced by by Yoshirō Mori on 5 April.


start_date: 1945-06-25
name: Gerhardsen I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Provisional post-war cabinet formed on 25 June 1945.
Cabinet handed in resignation on 1 November 1945 and formally resigned on 5 November.


start_date: 1971-03-10
name: McMahon
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMahon_Ministry
data_source: hug-77
description:
Following the defeat at the election McMahon resigned on 5 December 1972. A two-member interim ministry was formed by Whitlam and Barnard (both Australian Labor Party) until finalisation of election results.


start_date: 1994-05-11
name: Berlusconi I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Berlusconi_I
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet was sworn in on 11 May 1994 and won a confidence vote (yes: 366; no: 245) on 20 May 1994.
PM Berlusconi resigned on 22 December 1994 to avoid a confidence vote supported by the Northern League (LN) coalition partner.


start_date: 1978-09-01
name: Johannesson II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93lafur_J%C3%B3hannesson
data_source: indridason, keesings
description:
Cabinet ended on 9 October when Social Democrats (A) withdrew in conflict over economic policies and cabinet resigned on 12 November.


start_date: 1992-04-09
name: Major II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Ministry
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 339, no: 299, abstain: 2) on 24 July 1993 to pass approval of the Treaty on European Union.


start_date: 1992-12-02
name: Lubys
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubys_Cabinet
data_source: mue-rom, reuters
description:
PM Lubys won an investiture vote (yes: 87, no: 0, abstain: 40) on 2 December 1992.
Cabinet resigned on 25 February 1993, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 2007-04-05
name: Ansip II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrus_Ansip%27s_cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 5 April 2007.
Cabinet ended on 21 May 2009 when PM Ansip fired all three SDE ministers.


start_date: 2008-11-27
name: Kubilius II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubilius_Cabinet_II
data_source: afp
description:
PM Kubilius won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 27, abstain: 18) and cabinet (yes: 83, no: 40, abstain: 5) on 9 December.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2009, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 1951-10-26
name: Churchill III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Government_1951-1957
data_source: bpf
comment:
Conservatives and National Liberals formed an electoral alliance, the Woolton-Teviot agreement of May 1947, merging at the constituency level. The Conservatives had no majority of seats in parliament and there were no cabinet members from the National Liberals although Churchill had offered a cabinet position to Clement Davies who turned the offer down. "The National Liberals met regularly as a group each Wednesday throughout the 1951-5 parliament, though they never voted as a group against the government" (Dutton 1989, 366-7).


start_date: 1998-10-30
name: Dzurinda I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Dzurinda
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Dzurinda was appointed on 30 October 1998. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 88; no: 50) on 2 December.
Cabinet ended with election on 21 September 2002.


start_date: 1983-05-24
name: Sinowatz
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Sinowatz
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 24 May 1983.
PM Sinowatz resigned on 9 June 1986 after Kurt Waldheim was elected as president and cabinet resigned on 16 June.


start_date: 1964-07-22
name: Moro II
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Moro_II
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Moro was appointed on 23 July 1964 and cabinet won confidence votes on 1 August 1964 (yes: 163, no: 120 [upper house]) and 6 August (yes: 344, no: 238 [lower house]). 
Cabinet resigned  on 21 January 1966 after losing a vote (yes: 221, no: 250, abstain: 3, absent: 156) over "a bill to establish state nursery schools" (NYT).


start_date: 2010-06-28
name: Necas I
wikipedia: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vl%C3%A1da_Petra_Ne%C4%8Dase
data_source: afp, cp, ctk
description:
PM Necas was appointed on 28 June 2010 and the cabinet on 13 July. It won an investiture vote (yes: 118, no: 82) on 10 August 2010.
Cabinet ended on 17 April 2012 after Public Affairs (VV) party group split.


start_date: 1990-07-04
name: Roman II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Roman_cabinet_(Romania)
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 330, no: 11, abstain: 0) on 28 June 1990.
Cabinet was appointed on 3 July 1990.
Cabinet resigned on 26 September 1991 after violent protests by miners.


start_date: 1949-12-08
name: Holland I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_National_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: nyt
description:
Holland called a snap elections on 11 July following dispute over a strike.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 1 September 1951.


start_date: 1987-08-17
name: Silva II
data_source: ap
description:
PM Silva and his cabinet were appointed on 12 August 1987 and sworn in on 17 August.
It ends with regular elections on 6 October 1991.


start_date: 1975-11-11
name: Fraser I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser
data_source: hug-86, nyt
description:
Caretaker cabinet was formed on 11 November 1975 after the dismissal of PM Whitlam and the dissolution of both houses of paliament.
Cabinet ended with election on 13 December 1975.


start_date: 2000-02-04
name: Schuessel I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Sch%C3%BCssel_I
data_source: afp, aufo
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 4 February 2000.
Cabinet announced resignation on 9 September 2002 following disputes within the Freedom Party (FPO) and coalition parties agreed to call an early election.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 24 November 2002 and resigned the same day.


start_date: 1979-11-09
name: Ohira II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masayoshi_Ohira
data_source: nyt
description:
Ohira lost a confidence vote on 16 May 1980 (yes: 187, no: 243) after some MPs from the Liberal Democrats abstained from the vote and parliament was dissolved. Ohira died on 12 June and Masayoshi Ito became acting prime minster until the elections in July.


start_date: 1989-08-24
name: Mazowiecki
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Mazowiecki won an investiture vote on 24 August 1989 (yes: 378, no: 4, abstain: 41) and the cabinet on 12 September (yes: 402, no: 0, abstain: 13).


start_date: 1993-05-28
name: Suchocka II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hanna_Suchocka
data_source: afp
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet that resigned on 18 October 1993 following elections on 19 September.


start_date: 1990-02-26
name: Carlsson III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsson_II_Cabinet
data_source: ap, reuters
description:
Previous cabinet reformed under Carlsson after the opposition parties failed to form a new government.
PM Carlsson won an investiture vote on 26 February 1990 (yes: 175, no: 101, abstain: 59).
Cabinet ended with election on 15 September 1991 and PM Carlsson resigned the day after.


start_date: 1985-10-31
name: Silva I
data_source: ap, times
description:
PM Silva was appointed on 31 October 1985, cabinet was appointed on 2 November and sworn in on 6 November.
Minority cabinet with regular support from the Christian Democrats (PDC) and sometimes from the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD).
It lost a PRD initiated confidence vote (yes: 108; no: 134) over economic policies on 3 April 1987. Government remained in office in caretaker capacity after parliament was dissolved on 28 April (AP).


start_date: 2010-06-24
name: Gillard I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Gillard_Ministry
data_source: bbc
description:
PM Gillard was appointed on 24 June 2010 following PM Rudds resignation.
Cabinet ended with an election on 17 July 2010 initiated by PM Gillard.


start_date: 1987-04-17
name: Fanfani VI
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Fanfani_VI
data_source: ap, nyt
description:
Fanfani was appointed on 17 April 1987 and resigned on 28 April after losing a a confidence vote (yes: 131, no: 240, abstain: 193).


start_date: 1973-12-19
name: Hartling
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Poul_Hartling
data_source: nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Christian People's Party (KrF), Conservatives (KF) and Danish Social-Liberal Party (RV).

comment:
"The Premier-designate said at a news conference that his discussions with members of four parties -- Conservative, Social Liberal, Christian and Center Democrat -- assured him that they would not oppose a Liberal minority government." (NYT 1973-12-18)


start_date: 1998-08-03
name: Kok II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Kok-2
data_source: afp
description: Cabinet resigned on 16 April 2002 over a report on the 1995 Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia.
comment:
Coded as one cabinet because none of the cabinet changes lasts for more than three months.
Cabinet requested to resign on 19 May 1999 over a constitutional reform bill and withdrew its resignation request on 8 June.


start_date: 1979-06-04
name: Clark
description:
Minority cabinet without support parties.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 133, no: 139) on 13 December 1979 over its energy and budget policy.

comment:
"(...) immediately following the election of the Conservative minority government of 1979-80, PM Joe Clark announced he would govern as if he had a majority." (The Canadian Encyclopedia)


start_date: 2006-05-05
name: Marcinkiewicz II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Marcinkiewicz
data_source: bbc, ejpr
description:
PM Marcinkiewicz resigned on 7 July 2006 following divisions with Law and Justice (PiS) party leader Jarosław Kaczyński. The resignation of the cabinet was accepted by president Lech Kaczyński on 10 July 2006.


start_date: 1960-11-03
name: Raab IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Raab_IV
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 3 November 1960. 
On 16 February 1961, PM Raab announced his resignation because of poor health and resigned on 11 April.


start_date: 2003-06-24
name: Vanhanen I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen%27s_first_cabinet
data_source: reuters, valt
description:
PM Vanhanen won an investiture vote (yes: 109, no: 67, absent: 23) on 24 June 2003. 
Cabinet ended with regular election on 18 March 2007.


start_date: 1953-09-11
name: Thors V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93lafur_Thors
data_source: nyt
comment: Coded as one cabinet because none of the cabinet changes lasts for more than three months.
description:
Cabinet formed on 11 September 1953 and resigned on 27 March 1956 following the withdrawal of the Progressives.


start_date: 2002-07-22
name: Balkenende I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-1
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 22 July 2003.
Cabinet ended on 16 October 2002 after conflict within the Fortuyn List (LFD).


start_date: 1962-04-13
name: Karjalainen I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahti_Karjalainen
data_source: nyt, valt
description:
Cabinet under PM Karjalainen was appointed on 13 April 1962 and resigned on 30 August 1963 in a dispute over farmer compensations. The cabinet reformed without the Social Democrats (TPSL) on 1 November and resigned in conflict over the 1964 budget on 17 December, announced three days before (NYT).

comment:
Cabinet changes on 31 August 1963 (cabinet resignation) and on 18 October (party change). Coded as one cabinet because none of the changes lasts for more than three months.


start_date: 1973-05-11
name: Den Uyl I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Den_Uyl
data_source: nyt, ro
description:
Cabinet resigned on 22 March 1978 following a conflict over land sales and Christian Democratic  (KVP/ARP) withdrawal from cabinet.


start_date: 2000-06-07
name: Bajuk
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Bajuk
data_source: mue-rom
comment: majority support through SLS+SKD merger
description:
PM Bajuk lost an investiture vote (yes: 45, no: 45) on 23 May 2000 and won an investiture vote (yes: 46, no: 44) on 7 June 2000.


start_date: 2003-11-19
name: Koizumi II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junichiro_Koizumi
data_source: afp
description:
PM Koizumi was elected (yes: 281 [lower house]; yes: 136, total: 240 [upper house]) on 19 August 2003 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.


start_date: 1980-11-03
name: Fraser IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Fraser_Ministry
data_source: hug-86
description:
Cabinet ended on 3 February 1983 after PM Fraser obtained a dissolution of the Parliament and Senate.


start_date: 1949-11-08
name: Figl III
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Figl_II
data_source: faz
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 8 November 1949.
Cabinet resigned on 22 October 1952 and called an early election after disagreement over the 1953 budget.


start_date: 1958-06-12
name: Kishi II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Kishi was elected on 12 June 1958 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
On 16 June 1960, Kishi announced his intention to resign after a controversial security treaty (US/Japan) came into force and cabinet resigned on 16 July


start_date: 1952-09-21
name: Erlander IV
wikipedia: http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Erlander_II
data_source: mueller
description:
Cabinet remained in office after elections on  21 September 1952 and ended with elections on 26 September 1956.


start_date: 1997-05-21
name: Kostov
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kostov
data_source: bbc, reuters
comment:
Cabinet was approved on 21 May 1997 (yes: 179 , no: 54 , abstain:0).
Cabinet ended with election on 18 June 2001.


start_date: 2004-03-30
name: Raffarin III
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_(3)
data_source: bbc, nyt, w
description:
Raffarin resigned on 31 May 2005 following the rejection of the referendum on the European Union constitution.


start_date: 2008-11-21
name: Pahor I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borut_Pahor
data_source: sta
comment: Coded as one cabinet because none of the cabinet changes lasts for more than three months.
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 21 November 2008 (yes: 56, no: 30).
It lost the majority on 9 May 2011 when DeSUS decided to leave the coalition and ended on 19 May when last DeSUS minister resigned from the party. Another party (Zares) left the coalition on 27 June.


start_date: 2010-10-14
name: Rutte I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Rutte
data_source: afp, reuters, rnw
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 14 October 2010.
Minority cabinet with support agreement from the Party for Freedom (PVV). It lost majority support on 20 March after an PVV MP left the party group. PVV withdrew its support on 21 April 2012.
Cabinet resigned on 23 April 2012 after conflict over budget cuts.


start_date: 2009-07-27
name: Borisov I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyko_Borisov
data_source: afp
description:
PM Borisov and his cabinet were approved on 27 July 2009 (yes: 162, no: 77, abstain: 1).
Cabinet ended with a resignation announcement of PM Borisov on 20 February 2013 after violent protests against high electricity bills and low wages. The parliament accepted the resignation the next day.


start_date: 2004-04-17
name: Zapatero I
data_source: nyt
description:
Minority cabinet with support of small left-wing and nationalist parties, especially United Left (IU) and Left of Catalonia (ERC) (Hopkin 2005, 389). 
It was appointed on 17 April  2004 (NYT).


start_date: 2007-05-18
name: Fillon I
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_(1)
data_source: bbc, ejpr, nyt
description:
Cabinet formally resigned on 18 June 2007 following parliamentary elections and PM Fillon was re-appointed the same day.


start_date: 1993-03-10
name: Slezevicius
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0le%C5%BEevi%C4%8Dius_Cabinet
data_source: mue-rom, reuters
description:
PM Šleževičius won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 13, abstain: 23) on 10 March 1993.
Cabinet ended on 8 February 1996 after PM Šleževičius lost a confidence vote (yes: 26, no: 94) initiated by President Brazauskas over financial scandals.


start_date: 1996-10-25
name: Jagland
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland
data_source: afp
description:
PM Jagland resigned on 13 October 1997 after failing to win votes in the 1997 election. Before the election, he declared to step down if his party would not get at least 36.9 percent of the vote, the 1993 DNA result.


start_date: 1963-12-04
name: Moro I
wikipedia: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Moro_I
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet won a vote on 26 June 1964 (yes: 286, no: 193) on the entire budget of ministry of public instruction but lost a vote (yes: 221, no: 228) over increased funding for private schools on the same day.


start_date: 1972-10-17
name: Korvald
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Korvald
data_source: nyt, reg-no
description:
Minority cabinet supported by Conservative Party (H) and Liberal People's Party (DLF).
It was appointed on 18 October 1972 following resignation of Bratelli and its main objective was to negotiate a trade agreement with the European Communities (EC) instead of EC membership.
Cabinet ended with elections on 9 September 1973 and formally resigned on 16 October.

comment:
Coded as caretaker due to the limited mandate of the government and its only main task to negotiate a trade agreement.


start_date: 2008-05-08
name: Berlusconi IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlusconi_IV_Cabinet
data_source: ansa, reuters
description:
PM Berlusconi was appointed on 8 May 2008 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 14/15 May (yes: 335, no: 272, abstain: 1 [lower house]; yes: 173, no: 133, abstain: 1 [upper house]).
Cabinet lost its majority on 30 July 2010 when 33 MPs formed a new parliamentary group Future and Freedom (FLI).
Berlusconi announced to resign on 8 November 2011 after failing to secure an absolute majority in a budget vote (yes: 308, required: 316) and stepped down on 12 November.


start_date: 1966-11-22
name: Krag III
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Jens_Otto_Krag_II
data_source: folketing, nyt
description:
Cabinet continued after the election on 22 November 1966.
Minority cabinet was supported by Social-Liberal Party (RV).
PM Krag resigned on 15 December 1967 after losing a vote (yes: 85, no: 92) on wage freezes through defection by 6 MPs from the Social-Liberal Party (RV).


start_date: 1986-06-16
name: Vranitzky I
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vranitzky_I
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 June 1986.
On 15 September 1986, PM Vranitzky called an early election after Jörg Haider was elected as chairman of the Freedom Party (FPO).
The cabinet ended with an early election on 23 November 1986 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1996-03-01
name: Bolger III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: ejpr
comment:
Not coded as a cabinet in the EJPR yearbook. However, cabinet composition changed by appointing ministers from United New Zealand.


start_date: 1993-01-01
name: Klaus II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus
data_source: bbc, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued after the formal establishment of the Czech Republic on 1 January 1993. 
Cabinet ended on 2 April 1996 with a change in party composition after the Christian Democratic Party's (KDS) joined the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).

comment:
Election takes place within three months after the change in party composition. No new cabinet coded.


start_date: 1992-11-13
name: Vacaroiu I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacaroiu
data_source: mue-rom, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 260, no: 203) on 19 November 1992.
Minority support by Socialist Party (PSM), Greater Romania Party (PRM) and Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR) was formally acknowledged on 25 June 1993.


start_date: 1974-06-12
name: Whitlam II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Whitlam_Ministry
data_source: hug-86, nyt
description:
Cabinet ended on 11 November 1975 after an opposition-controlled Senate refused to approve the budget and Governor-General Kerr dismissed PM Whitlam.


start_date: 2010-05-29
name: Orban II
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 29 May 2010 (yes: 261, no: 107, abstain: 18).
Cabinet ended with election on 6 April 2014.


start_date: 1950-09-16
name: Hedtoft II
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Hans_Hedtoft_I
data_source: mueller, nyt
description:
Cabinet lost a vote over butter rationing (yes: 68, no: 69) on 25 November 1950 and resigned a day later.


start_date: 2010-09-19
name: Reinfeldt II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Fredrik_Reinfeldt
data_source: ap
comment: No new cabinet, election date used as start date.
description:
PM Reinfeld presented the minority cabinet on 5 October 2010 and ministers were appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 September 2014 and PM Reinfeld resigned the day after.


start_date: 1971-03-26
name: Karjalainen III
wikipedia: http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karjalaisen_toinen_hallitus
data_source: nyt, valt
description:
Cabinet continued on 26 March 1971 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 29 October 1971 over disputes on agricultural prices.


start_date: 1973-01-26
name: Leburton
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Leburton
data_source: mueller
comment:
Coded as one cabinet: Election (10 March 1974) takes place within three month and new cabinet forms (25 March 1974) within three month thereafter.


start_date: 1957-11-29
name: Fieandt
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer_von_Fieandt
data_source: nyt, valt
description:
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 50, no: 143) on 18 April 1958 over food subsidies and resigned.


start_date: 1987-01-21
name: Vranitzky II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vranitzky_II
data_source: mueller
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 21 January 1987.
Cabinet ended with election on 7 October 1990 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 2003-04-17
name: Jaatteenmaki
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anneli_J%C3%A4%C3%A4tteenm%C3%A4ki%27s_Cabinet
data_source: ap, reuters, valt
description:
PM Jaatteenmaki won an investiture vote (yes: 111, no 72) and cabinet was appointed on 17 April 2003.
PM Jaatteenmaki resigned on 18 June, effective 24 June, over the usage of confidential information.


start_date: 2010-11-03
name: Dombrovskis III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdis_Dombrovskis
data_source: afp, ap
description:
PM Dombrovskis was nominated on 2 November 2010 and his cabinet was confirmed in parliament (yes: 63, no: 35, absent: 2) the day after.
Cabinet ended with a snap election on 17 September 2011.


start_date: 2010-11-14
name: Fillon III
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon_%283%29
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
A reshuffled cabinet under Fillon was appointed on 14 November 2010.
The government lost its Senate majority in elections on 25 September 2011. 
Cabinet resigned on 10 May 2012 after presidential elections.


start_date: 1947-11-20
name: Figl II
data_source: mueller, oepa
description:
Cabinet continued on 20 November 1947 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 October 1949 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 1957-02-25
name: Kishi I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Kishi was elected on 25 February 1957 (yes: 276 [lower house]; yes: 147 [upper house]). 
Kishi dissolved parliament on 25 April 1958.


start_date: 2005-04-05
name: Schuessel IV
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Sch%C3%BCssel_II
data_source: ap, aufo
description:
Cabinet continued on 5 April when PM Schuessel announced to continue the previous coalition with Freedom Party (FPO) ministers who joined the newly formed Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZO).
Minority cabinet was supported by most remaining FPO MPs.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 October 2006 and resigned two days later.


start_date: 2002-11-24
name: Schuessel II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Sch%C3%BCssel_I
data_source: reuters
comment: Start date set to 24 November 2002 (election date) following three month coding rule.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 24 November 2002 until the coalition reformed on 28 February 2003.


start_date: 1962-11-18
name: Gorbach II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Gorbach_I
data_source: nyt
comment: Start date set to 18 November 1962 following three month coding rule.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 18 November 1962 until the coalition reformed on 27 March 1963.


start_date: 1946-05-22
name: Yoshida I
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Yoshida and his cabinet were appointed on 22 May 1946.
Cabinet ended with elections on 25 April 1947 and resigned on 19 May.


start_date: 1947-05-23
name: Katayama
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%B1%B1%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Katayama was elected on 23 May 1947 (yes: 420  [lower house]; yes: 205 [upper house]) and the cabinet came into office on 1 June.
Cabinet resigned on 10 February 1948.


start_date: 1948-02-21
name: Ashida
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitoshi_Ashida
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Ashida was elected on 21 February 1948 (yes: 216 [lower house]; yes: 102 [upper house]) and the cabinet came into office on 9 March.
Cabinet resigned on 7 October 1948 following corruption charges.


start_date: 1948-10-15
name: Yoshida II
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Yoshida was elected on 15 October 1948 (yes: 185) and his cabinet came into office on 19 October.
Cabinet resigned on 7 December 1948 to avoid a no confidence vote by the opposition.


start_date: 1949-02-11
name: Yoshida III
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Yoshida was elected on 11 February 1949 (yes: 350, cast: 451 [lower house]; yes: 167, cast: 218  [upper house]) and his cabinet came into office on 16 February.
Yoshida dissolved parliament and announced general elections on 28 August 1952.


start_date: 1952-10-24
name: Yoshida IV
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Yoshida was elected on 24 October 1952 (yes: 247 [lower house]; yes: 126 [upper house]) and his cabinet came into office on 29 October.
PM Yoshida lost a confidence vote (yes: 218, no: 229) on 14 March 1953 and dissolved parliament.


start_date: 1953-05-19
name: Yoshida V
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
data_source: nyt
description:
PM Yoshida was elected on 19 May 1953 (yes: 204 [lower house]; yes: 141 [upper house]) and his cabinet came into office on 22 May.
Cabinet resigned on 7 December 1954 following a potential vote of no confidence by the opposition and a faction of the Liberal party.


start_date: 1954-12-09
name: Hatoyama I I
data_source: nyt
wikipedia:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E6%AC%A1%E9%B3%A9%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3

description:
PM Hatoyama was elected on 9 December 1954 (yes: 257 [lower house]; yes: 116 [upper house]) following the resignation of PM Yoshida. He promised to dissolve parliament and to hold an election by spring. 
Cabinet ends with the dissolution of parliament on 24 January 1955.


start_date: 1955-03-18
name: Hatoyama I II
data_source: nyt
wikipedia:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AC%A1%E9%B3%A9%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3

description:
PM Hatoyama was elected on 18 March 1955  (yes: 254 [lower house]) and cabinet came into office on 26 March.
Cabinets resigned on 21 November 1955 and later reformed following the merger of Liberal and Democratic parties.


start_date: 1955-11-22
name: Hatoyama I III
data_source: nyt
wikipedia:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E6%AC%A1%E9%B3%A9%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3

description:
PM Hatoyama was elected on 22 November 1955 (yes: 288 [lower house], yes: 149 [upper house]) and the cabinet appointed the same day.
Cabinet resigned on 20 December 1956 because of Hatoyama's failing health.


start_date: 1956-12-20
name: Ishibashi
wikipedia: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A9%8B%E5%86%85%E9%96%A3
description:
PM Ishibashi was elected on 20 December 1956 (yes: 291 [lower house]) and cabinet came into office four days later.
Ishibashi resigned on 23 February 1957 because of failing health.


start_date: 2009-05-21
name: Ansip III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrus_Ansip%27s_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 21 May 2009 after a change in party composition. PM Ansip tried to form a new majority coalition including the People's Union (ERa) but announced to continue with a minority cabinet on 2 June.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 March 2011.


start_date: 2008-12-10
name: Bundesrat 2008
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet started on 10 December 2008 with the election of Ueli Maurer (SVP) to the Federal Council.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 October 2011.

comment:
BDP was formed on 1 November 2008 but start date is set to 10 December 2008 (last change previous cabinet) following three month coding rule.  


start_date: 2011-03-09
name: Kenny I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_31st_D%C3%A1il
data_source: bbc
description:
PM Kenny was elected in parliament on 9 March 2011 and presented his cabinet the same day.
PM Kenny won an investiture vote (yes: 117, no: 27) on 9 March 2011.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 February 2016.


start_date: 2011-04-05
name: Ansip IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrus_Ansip%27s_cabinet
data_source: err
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 5 April 2011.
PM Ansip announced to resign on 23 February 2014 preparing the 2015 election.
PM Ansip and the cabinet resigned on 4 March 2014.


start_date: 2011-06-27
name: Pahor II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borut_Pahor
data_source: afp, sta
comment: Start date set to 27 June 2011 (last change previous cabinet) following three month coding rule.
description:
Pahor cabinet (SD and LDS) continued in office on 19 May 2011 and 27 June after the resignation of DeSUS and Zares ministers.
Pahor minority cabinet fell on 20 September 2011 after losing a confidence vote (yes: 36, no: 51, abstain: 1) about vacated cabinet posts.


start_date: 2010-03-02
name: Christofias II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitris_Christofias
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet continued on 2 March 2010 when new ministers were sworn in after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 May 2011.


start_date: 1998-07-30
name: Obuchi I
data_source: afp
description:
PM Obuchi was elected on 30 July 1998 (yes: 268).
Cabinet ends on 14 January 1999 through reshuffle and new cabinet party.


start_date: 1999-01-14
name: Obuchi II
data_source: afp
description:
Liberal Party entered cabinet on 14 January 1999.
Cabinet ends on 5 October 1999 through reshuffle and new cabinet party.


start_date: 2011-06-15
name: Passos Coelho I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Passos_Coelho
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Passos Coelho was appointed on 15 June 2011. The cabinet was sworn in on 21 June.
Cabinet ended with election on 4 October 2015. 


start_date: 2011-06-22
name: Katainen I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen%27s_cabinet
data_source: valt, yle
description:
PM Katainen won an investiture vote (yes: 118, no: 72) and cabinet was appointed on 22 June 2011.
Cabinet ended on 25 March 2014 when the Left Alliance (VAS) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2011-05-02
name: Harper III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry
data_source: cp
description:
Harper won in a snap election on 2 May 2011 and presented his cabinet on 18 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 October 2015.


start_date: 2011-08-05
name: Christofias IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitris_Christofias
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet was sworn in on 5 August 2011 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with presidential election on 24 February 2013.


start_date: 2011-05-22
name: Christofias III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitris_Christofias
data_source: cymail
comment: three month rule not used — election and resignation are independent events
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 22 May 2011.
President Christofias asked his cabinet to resign on 28 July 2011 after a munitions blast killed 13 people and knocked out a power plant on 11 July. The move came after ministers of junior coalition partner DIKO handed in their resignations .


start_date: 1949-03-10
name: Ben-Gurion II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 73, no: 45) on 10 March 1949.
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 15 October 1950.


start_date: 1950-11-01
name: Ben-Gurion III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet resigned on 14 February 1951 following disagreement with the knesset over the registration of children in schools. 


start_date: 1951-10-08
name: Ben-Gurion V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 18 September 1952 when Union of Israel (AY) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1952-12-24
name: Ben-Gurion VII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by HaMizrahi – Merkaz Ruhani (Mizrahi), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by HaMizrahi – Merkaz Ruhani (Mizrahi), Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe) [Arab satellite lists].


start_date: 1954-01-26
name: Sharett I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by HaMizrahi – Merkaz Ruhani (Mizrahi), Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
PM Sharett resigned on 29 June 1955 after General Zionists (ZK) abstained in two confidence votes (yes: 50, no: 9, abstain: 22; yes: 60, no: 7, abstain: 17) the day before.


start_date: 1955-06-29
name: Sharett II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 66­, no: 32, abstain: 3) on 29 June 1955.


start_date: 1955-11-03
name: Ben-Gurion VIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 31 December 1957 over leaking information from cabinet meetings.


start_date: 1958-01-07
name: Ben-Gurion IX
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].


start_date: 1958-07-01
name: Ben-Gurion X
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 5 July 1959 following disagreement with the knesset over arms trade.


start_date: 1959-12-17
name: Ben-Gurion XII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 77; no: 26) on 31 January 1961 but resigned the same day over intelligence operations (Lavon Affair).


start_date: 1964-12-22
name: Eshkol II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].


start_date: 1966-01-12
name: Eshkol III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 5 June 1967 with a change in party composition.


start_date: 1967-06-05
name: Eshkol IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet continued on 5 June 1967 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 26 February 1969 with death of PM Eshkol.


start_date: 1969-03-17
name: Meir I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended with an early election on 28 October 1969 and resigned on 15 December.


start_date: 1969-12-15
name: Meir II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP) with a deputy minister and by Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 6 August 1970 when Herut-Liberal Bloc (Gahal) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1970-08-07
name: Meir III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP) with a deputy minister and by Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].


start_date: 1974-11-06
name: Rabin II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Cabinet continued on 6 November 1974 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 22 December 1976 after the National Religious Party (Mafdal) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1976-12-22
name: Rabin III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventeenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP) [Arab satellite lists].
Caretaker cabinet was formed on 22 December 1976 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 17 May 1977.


start_date: 1977-10-24
name: Begin II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 24 October 1977 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 30 June 1981. 

comment:
Peace-Zion (Sh) joined The Consolidation (L) on 5 July 1977. Therefore The Consolidation (L) includes the  Peace-Zion (Sh) ministers.  


start_date: 1988-12-22
name: Shamir V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-third_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet ended on 15 March 1990 when PM Shamir lost a no-confidence vote in parliament (yes: 55, no: 60).


start_date: 1990-06-11
name: Shamir VII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY), Degel HaTorah (DH), HaMa'arakh | HaAvoda (HM|HA), Tehiya (Tehiya) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet was appointed on 11 June 1990.
Cabinet ended on 5 February 1991 with a change in party composition.


start_date: 1991-02-05
name: Shamir VIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY), Degel HaTorah (DH), Tehiya (Tehiya) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 5 February 1991 when Homeland (M) joined the cabinet.
Cabinet ended on 31 December 1991 when Crossroads (Tsomet) withdrew from cabinet.


start_date: 1992-01-21
name: Shamir IX
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY), Degel HaTorah (DH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 21 January 1992 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 June 1992.


start_date: 1992-07-13
name: Rabin IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 13 July 1992.
Cabinet ended on 14 September 1993 with a change in party composition.  


start_date: 1993-09-14
name: Rabin V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 14 September 1993 after a change in party compositition.
Cabinet ended on 9 January 1995 with a change in party composition.


start_date: 1995-11-22
name: Peres II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-sixth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 22 November 1995 after the assassination of PM Rabin.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 29 May 1996. 


start_date: 1996-06-18
name: Netanyahu I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-seventh_government_of_Israel
data_source: afp, knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet was appointed on 18 June 1996.
Cabinet ended on 4 January 1998 after Gesher withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2000-07-11
name: Barak II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-eighth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 11 July 2000 after a change in party composition.
PM Barak resigned on 10 December 2000 facing a Palestinian uprising.


start_date: 2001-03-07
name: Sharon I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 7 March 2001 (yes: 72, no: 21).
Cabinet ended on 29 August 2001 with a change in party composition.


start_date: 2001-08-29
name: Sharon II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet ended on 12 March 2002 when the National Union (HaLe, YB) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1952-09-18
name: Ben-Gurion VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet resigned on 19 December 1952 in disagreement over religious education.


start_date: 2011-08-30
name: Noda
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshihiko_Noda
data_source: jiji, kyodo, reuters
description:
PM Noda won investiture votes (yes: 308, [lower house]; yes: 110, total: 241 [upper house]) on 30 August 2011 following the resignation of PM Kan. His cabinet came into office on 2 September.
Cabinet lost majority control and was forced to dissolve parliament in fall 2012. It ended with an early election on 16 December 2012.


start_date: 2011-10-02
name: Thorning-Schmidt I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Helle_Thorning-Schmidt_I
data_source: afp
description:
PM Thorning-Schmidt was appointed on 2 October 2011 and cabinet came into office the following day.
Minority cabinet was supported by Red-Green Alliance (Enh) and 3 MPs from Greenland and Faroe Islands.
Cabinet ended on 3 February 2014 after Socialist Peoples Party (SF) withdrew from the coalition.

comment:
AFP mentions the support of three centre-left MPs from Greenland and Faroe Islands. These parties are coded from their party family.


start_date: 2011-10-25
name: Dombrovskis IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdis_Dombrovskis
data_source: afp, leta, lo
description:
PM Dombrovskis and his cabinet were confirmed in parliament (yes: 57, no: 38, abstain: 3) on 25 October 2011.
Zatlers' Reform Party (ZRP) won 22 seats but 6 MPs formed an independent party group that supported the government. The independent group signed an agreement that includes the joint responsibility for the Transport Ministry.
PM Dombrovskis resigned on 27 November 2013 after the collapse of a Riga supermarket roof.


start_date: 1931-12-17
name: Bundesrat 1931
data_source: swiss
description:
Cabinet ended on 22 March 1934 with the election of a new chancellor, after Käslin resigned because of health problems.  


start_date: 1928-12-13
name: Bundesrat 1928
data_source: swiss
description:
Cabinet ended on 12 December 1929 with the election of a Swiss Peoples Party (SVP) member to the Federal Council.


start_date: 1929-12-12
name: Bundesrat 1929
data_source: swiss
description:
Cabinet started on 12 December 1929 with the election of Rudolf Minger (SVP) to the Federal Council.


start_date: 2011-10-20
name: Radicova II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iveta_Radi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1
data_source: spectator
description:
Previous cabinet was defeated in a vote of confidence on 11 October 2011 and constitutionally obliged to resign. Leaders of all cabinet parties and President Gašparovič agreed on 20 October that the existing government remains in office until the next elections in March 2012. The president made use of article 115 (2) of the constitution.

comment:
Coded as as change in cabinet because of the quasi-resignation. The date of the agreement on 20 October 2011 is used as start date.


start_date: 2011-11-16
name: Monti
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monti_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Monti and his technocrat cabinet were sworn in on 16 November 2011 and won confidence votes on 18/19 November (yes: 281, no: 25 [upper house]; yes: 556, no: 61 [lower house]).
PM Monti resigned on 21 December 2012 and cabinet ended with election on 25 February 2013.


start_date: 2011-11-11
name: Papademos
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_Cabinet_of_Lucas_Papademos
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Papademos and his interim cabinet were appointed on 11 November 2011.
Cabinet ended on 10 February 2012 with the resignation of all Popular Orthodox Rally (LAOS) ministers.


start_date: 2011-11-18
name: Tusk II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Donald_Tusk
data_source: pr
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 18 November 2011 and won an investiture vote (yes: 234, no: 211) the day after.
Cabinet resigned on 11 September 2014 after PM Tusk accepted an EU position.


start_date: 2011-12-14
name: Key II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: nzhe, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 14 December 2011.
Minority cabinet was supported by confidence and supply agreements with ACT New Zealand, United New Zealand (signed on 5 Dec.) and the Maori Party (signed on 11 Dec.).


start_date: 2011-12-06
name: Di Rupo
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_Rupo_I_Government
data_source: afp, dere
comment: Cabinet formed more than 500 days after election.
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 6 December 2011 and won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 54) on 12 December.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 May 2014 and resigned the next day.


start_date: 2011-12-21
name: Rajoy I
data_source: afp
description:
PM Rajoy won an investiture vote on 20 December 2011 (yes: 187, no: 149, abstain: 14). He was appointed and presented his cabinet a day after.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 December 2015. 


start_date: 2012-01-28
name: Jansa II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a
data_source: reuters, sta
description:
Parties signed a coalition agreement on 25 January 2012 and a support agreement with the two MPs representing the Hungarian and Italian minorities the day after.
PM Jansa won an investiture vote (yes: 51, no: 39) on 28 January and the cabinet (yes: 50, no: 10, abstain: 28) on 10 February.
Cabinet ended on 23 January 2013 when the Citizens' List (DL) withdrew from the coalition after PM Jansa refused to resign over corruption allegations. Pensioners' Party (DeSUS) withdrew on 22 February and People's Party (SLS) on 25 February. Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 33, no: 55) on 27 February 2013.


start_date: 2012-02-09
name: Ungureanu
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungureanu_Cabinet
data_source: ager
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 237, no: 2, required: 232) on 9 February 2012 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Cabinet resigned on 27 April 2012 after losing a vote of confidence (yes: 9, no: 235, required: 231).


start_date: 2009-12-23
name: Boc II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boc_Cabinets
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 276 no: 135) on 23 December 2009 in a joint sitting of parliament.


start_date: 1908-11-13
name: Fisher I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Fisher_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 27 May 1909 when PM Fisher resigned after he lost a confidence vote (yes: 30, no: 39).


start_date: 1916-11-14
name: Hughes II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Hughes_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 17 February 1917 when the National Labor and Liberal parliamentary group merged to the Nationalist Party.


start_date: 1917-05-05
name: Hughes IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Hughes_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 20 December 1917 with the resignation of PM Hughes after a referendum on conscription was defeated. 


start_date: 1919-12-13
name: Hughes VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Hughes_Ministry
data_source: hug-68, nyt
description:
Cabinet ended on 1 February 1923 with the resignation of PM Hughes after the Country Party refused any coalition including Hughes.


start_date: 1928-11-17
name: Bruce III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Bruce_Ministry
data_source: aph, hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 10 September 1929 after PM Bruce was defeated in a bill and obtained a dissolution of the parliament. 


start_date: 1929-10-22
name: Scullin
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scullin_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 25 November 1931 after PM Scullin was defeated in a bill and obtained a dissolution of the parliament.


start_date: 1939-04-07
name: Page
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Caretaker cabinet under PM Page took office after the death of PM Lyons until the United Australia Party (UAP) elected a new leader.


start_date: 1939-04-26
name: Menzies I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Menzies_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
Cabinet ended on 14 March 1990 with the agreement between the United Australia Party (UAP) and the Country Party (CP) to form a coalition cabinet.


start_date: 1940-10-28
name: Menzies III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Menzies_Ministry
data_source: hug-68
description:
PM Menzies resigned on 28 August 1941 after the Australian Labor Party (ALP) refused his offer to join the coalition.


start_date: 1941-08-29
name: Fadden
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadden_Ministry
data_source: hug-68, nyt
description:
Cabinet ended on 3 October 1943 with the resignation of PM Fadden after two Independents withdrew their support from the government and the cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 33, no: 36) the same day. 


start_date: 1969-11-12
name: Gorton III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Gorton_Ministry
data_source: hug-77
description:
Cabinet ended on 10 March 1971 after PM Gorton resigned following a tied confidence motion for Gorton in the Liberal Party (LPA).


start_date: 1942-12-16
name: Thordarson
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0arson
data_source: nyt
description:
Non-partisan cabinet resigned on 16 September 1944 after failing to find support for inflation control measures.


start_date: 2010-09-21
name: Kubilius IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrius_Kubilius
data_source: afp, elta
description:
Cabinet continued on 21 September 2010 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 October 2012.


start_date: 2012-04-04
name: Fico II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fico's_Second_Cabinet
data_source: afp, sita
description:
PM Fico and the cabinet were appointed on 4 April 2012. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 53, abstain: 8) on 15 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 March 2016.


start_date: 2012-04-23
name: Rutte II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Rutte
data_source: reuters
comment: Start date set to 23 April 2012 (resignation) following three month coding rule.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 23 April 2012 upon request by Queen Beatrix.
Cabinet ended with early election on 12 September 2012.


start_date: 2003-06-19
name: Nastase II
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 267, no: 7) on 19 June 2003 approving a reshuffle with a reduction of the number of ministries from 23 to 14.
Cabinet ended with election on  28 November 2004.


start_date: 2012-04-27
name: Necas II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Ne%C4%8Das%27s_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
comment: Start date set on 27 April 2012, parliamentary approval in a non-required confidence vote.
description:
Cabinet continued on 27 April 2012 after a change in party composition, winning a confidence vote (yes: 105, no: 93).
Cabinet ended on 17 June 2013 after PM Necas and the cabinet resigned. The resignation followed a bribery and spying scandal involving a close aide of PM Necas.


start_date: 2009-03-31
name: Netanyahu IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
PM Netanyahu and his cabinet won an investiture vote on 31 March 2009 (yes: 69, no: 45).
Cabinet ended with a change in party composition.

comment:
LW: There is a gap between the termination of Olmert IV - 10 February 2009 and the start of Netanyahu IV - 31 March 2009. 


start_date: 2011-01-17
name: Netanyahu V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 17 January 2011 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 8 May 2012 with a change in party composition.


start_date: 2012-05-07
name: Ponta I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponta_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was nominated on 27 April 2012 and won an investiture vote (yes: 284, no: 92) on 7 May in a joint sitting of parliament.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 December 2012.


start_date: 1999-10-03
name: Klima II
data_source: reuters
comment: Start date set to 3 October 1999 (election date) following three month coding rule.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 3 October 1999 until the new cabinet was formed on 4 February 2000.


start_date: 1965-10-25
name: Klaus II
wikipedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Klaus_I
data_source: faz
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 25 October 1965.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 6 March 1966.


start_date: 2012-05-15
name: Ayrault I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrault_Cabinet
data_source: afp, ap, fragov
description:
PM Ayrault was appointed on 15 May 2012 and the cabinet was appointed the following day.
Cabinet ended with election on 10 June 2012 and resigned on 18 June.


start_date: 2012-06-18
name: Ayrault II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayrault_Cabinet
data_source: ap, fragov
description:
PM Ayrault was re-appointed on 18 June 2012 and the cabinet was appointed three days later.
PM Ayrault resigned on 31 March 2014 after losses in local elections.


start_date: 2012-05-16
name: Pikramenos
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker_Cabinet_of_Panagiotis_Pikrammenos
data_source: ap
description:
PM Pikramenos was appointed on 16 May 2012 and his technocrat cabinet one day later.
Cabinet ended with early election on 17 June 2012.


start_date: 2012-06-20
name: Samaras I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonis_Samaras
data_source: ana, ejpr, reuters
comment: DIMAR and PASOK nominated non-partisan ministers.
description:
PM Samaras was appointed on 20 June 2012.The cabinet was presented a day after and won a confidence vote (yes: 179, no: 121) on 9 July 2012.
Cabinet ended on 25 June 2013 when DIMAR withdrew over economic reforms. 


start_date: 2012-12-13
name: Butkevicius I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butkevi%C4%8Dius_Cabinet
data_source: bns, elta
description:
PM Butkevicius won an investiture vote (yes: 90, no: 40, abstain: 4) on 22 November 2012 and cabinet (yes: 83, no: 39, abstain: 9) on 13 December.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2014, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 2012-12-21
name: Ponta II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponta_II_Cabinet
data_source: ager, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 402, no: 120) on 21 December 2012 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Minority cabinet was supported by People's Party (PP), ethnic Hungarian party and other minorities.
Cabinet ended on 26 February 2014 when National Liberal Party (PNL) withdrew over pre-election (EP and presidential) conflict. 


start_date: 2012-12-26
name: Abe III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe
data_source: kyodo
description:
PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 328, total: 478 [lower house]; yes: 107, total: 234 [upper house]) on 26 December 2012 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
PM Abe was seeking a new mandate in fall 2012 and dissolved parliament. Cabinet ended with an early election on 14 December 2014. 


start_date: 2013-03-13
name: Raikov
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Bulgaria
data_source: reuters
description:
President Plevneliev appointed PM Raikov as interim Prime Minister on 13 March 2013 to serve until election in May.


start_date: 2013-03-11
name: Muscat I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Government_2013%E2%80%932018
data_source: tom
description:
PM Muscat was sworn in on 11 March 2013 and his cabinet two days later.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 6 June 2017 after corruption allegations.


start_date: 2013-03-20
name: Bratusek
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: sta
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 35) on 20 March 2013.
PM Bratušek resigned on 8 May after losing the Positive Slovenia (PS) party leadership.


start_date: 2013-04-27
name: Letta I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letta_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Letta was appointed on 27 April 2013 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 29/30 April (yes: 453, no: 153 [lower house]; yes: 233, no: 59 [upper house]).
Cabinet ended on 15 November 2013 after People of Freedom (PdL) party group split.


start_date: 2001-06-04
name: Racan II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan_I
data_source: conrad
description:
Cabinet continued on 4 June 2001 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 5 July 2002 following intra-party conflict.


start_date: 2002-07-30
name: Racan III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan_II
data_source: conrad
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 47, abstain: 1) on 30 July 2002.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 November 2003.


start_date: 2003-12-23
name: Sanader I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ivo_Sanader_I
data_source: conrad
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 88, no: 29, abstain: 14) on 23 December 2003.
Cabinet ended on 10 February 2006 after Demokratski centar (DC) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2006-02-11
name: Sanader II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ivo_Sanader_II
data_source: conrad
description:
Cabinet continued on 10 February 2006 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 November 2007.


start_date: 2008-01-12
name: Sanader III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ivo_Sanader_II
data_source: conrad, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 62) on 12 January 2008.
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM Sanander on 1 July 2009.


start_date: 2009-07-06
name: Kosor I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Jadranka_Kosor
data_source: afp, hina
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 83, no: 45) on 6 July 2009.
Cabinet ended on 10 July 2010 after the Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2011-12-23
name: Milanovic
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87
data_source: hina
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 23 December 2011 (yes: 89, no: 28, abstain: 12).
Cabinet ended with election on 8 November 2015. 


start_date: 2010-07-10
name: Kosor II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Jadranka_Kosor
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 10 July 2010 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 December 2011.


start_date: 2013-05-29
name: Oresharski
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oresharski_Government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet (technocrat) won an investiture vote (yes: 119, no: 98) on 29 May 2013.
Minority cabinet was supported by Attack (A).
Cabinet resigned on 23 July 2014.


start_date: 2013-05-23
name: Gunnlaugsson
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmundur_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Gunnlaugsson
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet took office on 23 Mai 2013.
PM Gunnlaugsson resigned on 6 April 2016 over financial irregularities.


start_date: 2013-06-25
name: Samaras II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Antonis_Samaras
data_source: ejpr
description:
Cabinet continued on 25 June 2013 and PASOK replaced its non-partisan ministers with high profile party members.
Cabinet lost a presidential election (yes: 168) on 29 December 2014 and ended with election on 25 January 2015. 


start_date: 2013-06-27
name: Rudd II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rudd_Ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued under new PM Rudd appointed on 27 June 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 7 September 2013.


start_date: 2013-07-10
name: Rusnok
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Rusnok%27s_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Rusnok and the cabinet were appointed on 10 July 2013.
Cabinet lost an investiture vote (yes: 93; no: 100) on 7 August and resigned on 13 August.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 25 October 2013.


start_date: 2013-07-11
name: Juncker V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker
data_source: reuters
comment: Three month rule: cabinet remains in office for more than three month after the resignation.
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after the resignation of PM Juncker  on 11 July 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2013.


start_date: 2013-02-28
name: Anastasiades I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anastasiades_government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
President Anastasiades and cabinet were appointed on 28 Februrary 2013.
Cabinet ended on 27 February 2014 after DIKO withdrew its support over disagreement on peace talks with Turkish Cypriots.


start_date: 2013-10-16
name: Solberg I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solberg's_Cabinet
data_source: parall, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 October 2013. 
Minority cabinet was supported by Liberal Party (V) and Christian Democratic Party (KrF) through a support agreement.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 September 2017.


start_date: 2013-09-18
name: Abbott
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia#Current_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was sworn in on 18 September 2013.
Cabinet ended on 14 September 2015 after PM Abbott lost a party vote. 


start_date: 1975-09-19
name: Pinheiro de Azevedo
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Baptista_Pinheiro_de_Azevedo
data_source: nyt
description:
Caretaker cabinet formed after Portuguese Constituent Assembly election in 1975.
Cabinet was sworn in on 19 September 1975.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 April 1976.


start_date: 2013-11-18
name: Letta II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letta_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 18 November 2013 after a change in party composition and won confidence votes on 11 December (yes: 379, no: 212 [lower house]; yes: 173, no: 127 [upper house]).
PM Letta resigned on 14 February 2014 after losing the support of his party over a lack of economic reforms.

comment:
Constitutation of New Centre-Right (NCD) party group on 18 November 2013 used for date of cabinet change.
Continuation of cabinet parties (except PdL) is assumed. 


start_date: 2013-12-16
name: Faymann II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faymann_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 December 2013.
PM Faymann resigned on 9 May 2016 after losing the support of his party.


start_date: 2013-12-17
name: Merkel III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Merkel_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Merkel won an investiture vote (yes: 462, no: 150, abstain: 9) on 17 December 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 24 September 2017.


start_date: 2014-01-17
name: Sobotka
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohuslav_Sobotka%27s_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Sobotka was appointed on 17 January 2014 and the cabinet on 29 January.
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 18 February (yes: 110; no: 38).
Cabinet ended with regular election on 21 October 2017.


start_date: 2014-01-22
name: Straujuma I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straujuma_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Straujuma and the cabinet were appointed on 22 January 2014.
Cabinet ended with election on 4 October 2014.


start_date: 2014-02-03
name: Thorning-Schmidt II
wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Helle_Thorning-Schmidt_II
data_source: afp, dr, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 3 February 2014 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by Socialist Peoples Party (SF), Red-Green Alliance (Enh) and 3 MPs from Greenland and Faroe Islands.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Thorning-Schmidt on 19 June 2015 following electoral defeat. 


start_date: 2011-07-06
name: Erdogan III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_III
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 6 July 2011.
Cabinet ended on 28 August 2014 after PM Erdogan was elected as president.


start_date: 2007-08-29
name: Erdogan II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_II
data_source: reuters, sonntag
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 29 August 2007.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 June 2011 and resigned on 6 July 2011.


start_date: 2003-03-14
name: Erdogan I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_I
data_source: reuters, sonntag
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 14 March 2003.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 July 2007 and resigned on 29 August 2007.


start_date: 2014-02-22
name: Renzi
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzi_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Renzi was appointed on 22 February 2014 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 25 February (yes: 378, no: 220 [lower house]; yes: 169, no: 139 [upper house]). 
Cabinet ended on 12 December 2016 after PM Renzi lost a referendum. 


start_date: 1955-07-26
name: Sharett III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after election on 26 July 1955.


start_date: 1974-03-10
name: Meir IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
PM Meir resigned on 11 April 1974 following the publication of the interim report on the Yom Kippur War by the Agranat Commission.


start_date: 2014-03-04
name: Ponta III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponta_III_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 346, no: 192) on 4 March 2014 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Minority cabinet was supported by People's Party (PP) and parliamentary group of ethnic minorities.
Cabinet ended on 27 November 2014 after the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2014-03-14
name: Anastasiades II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Anastasiades_government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 14 March 2014 when new ministers were sworn in after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 May 2016.


start_date: 1993-06-25
name: Ciller I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50th_government_of_Turkey
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 25 June 1993.
PM Ciller resigned on 20 September 1995 after Republican People's Party (CHP, formerly SHP) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1995-10-31
name: Ciller III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52nd_government_of_Turkey
data_source: reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet under PM Ciller was appointed on 31 October 1995 and won a confidence vote (yes: 243, no: 171) on 5 November.


start_date: 2014-03-25
name: Katainen II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen%27s_cabinet
data_source: valt, yle
description:
Cabinet continued on 25 March 2014 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 16 June 2014 after PM Katainen withdrew.

comment:
Cabinet continued in office for less than three month but is included because PM Katainen resignation is not related to termination of previous cabinet. Hence these are two events with independent cabinet formations.


start_date: 1995-10-05
name: Ciller II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/51st_government_of_Turkey
data_source: reuters
comment: Coded as new cabinet because of meaningful investiture procedure.
description:
Cabinet continued  after a change in party composition and was approved by President Demirel on 5 October 1995. 
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Left Party (DSP) and National Action Party (MHP).
Cabinet lost a confidence vote on 15 October (yes: 191, no: 230).


start_date: 1996-03-06
name: Yilmaz II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/53rd_government_of_Turkey
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Yilmaz was appointed on 6 March 1996 and the cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 257, no: 207) on 12 March.
Minority cabinet was supported by the Democratic Left Party (DSP) in a confidence vote.


start_date: 1996-06-28
name: Erbakan
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/54th_government_of_Turkey
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Erbakan resigned on 18 June 1997 following a conflict with the military over secularism ("soft coup").


start_date: 2014-03-31
name: Valls I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valls_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Valls was appointed on 31 March 2014 and the cabinet was appointed two days later. The cabinet won a confidence vote on 8 April (yes: 306, no: 239).
Cabinet resigned on 25 August over internal conflict.


start_date: 2002-10-16
name: Balkenende II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_cabinet_Balkenende-1
data_source: reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 16 October 2002 until the election on 22 January 2003.


start_date: 1961-01-31
name: Ben-Gurion XIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 31 Jan 1961.
Cabinet ended on 30 May 1961 after Agudat Israel Workers (PAY) withdrew from coalition.


start_date: 2012-05-08
name: Netanyahu VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-second_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 8 May 2012 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with early election on 22 January 2013.


start_date: 2014-06-24
name: Stubb I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb%27s_cabinet
data_source: reuters, yle
description:
PM Stubb won an investiture vote (yes: 96, no: 76) on 23 June 2014 and cabinet was appointed a day later.
Cabinet ended on 20 September 2014 after the Green League (VIHR) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 1982-07-26
name: Begin IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, nyt
description:
Cabinet continued on 26 July 1982 after a change in party composition.
On 30 August 1983, PM Begin announced his resignation because of poor health and resigned on 15 September.


start_date: 1983-10-10
name: Shamir I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_government_of_Israel
data_source: jta, knesset, nyt
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote on 10 October 1983 (yes: 60, no: 53, abstain: 1).
Cabinet ended on 31 January 1984 after the Movement for the Renewal of Social Zionism (THTH) withdrew from coalition.


start_date: 1984-01-31
name: Shamir II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twentieth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 31 January 1984 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 July. 


start_date: 1984-09-13
name: Peres I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-first_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet was appointed on 13 September 1984.
Cabinet resigned on 20 October 1986 when Shamir replaced PM Peres according to the principle of rotation in the premiership.


start_date: 1995-01-09
name: Rabin VI
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 9 January 1995 after a change in party composition.
PM Rabin was assassinated on 4 November 1995.


start_date: 1999-07-06
name: Barak I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-eighth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
comment: Coded as one cabinet because none of the changes lasts for more than three months.
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 6 July 1999.
Cabinet ended on 24 June 2000 after Energy (Meretz) withdrew from the coalition, followed by Sfarad's guards of the Torah (Shas), National Religious Party (Mafdal) and Israel for Immigration (YBA) on 11 July.


start_date: 2002-04-08
name: Sharon III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 8 April 2002 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 29 July 2002 when Bridge (One) withdrew from coalition.


start_date: 2002-07-30
name: Sharon IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by HaMa'arakh | HaAvoda (HM|HA), Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 30 July 2002 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 30 October 2002 when the electoral alliance One Israel (MHH, One, Meimad) withdrew from coalition.


start_date: 2002-11-02
name: Sharon V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 2 November 2002 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YH) through a deputy minister position.
Cabinet ended with election on 28 January 2003.


start_date: 2004-06-06
name: Sharon VII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirtieth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description: Cabinet ended on 9 November 2004 after National Religious Party (Mafdal) withdrew from coalition.
comment:
Cabinet changes on 9 November 2004 (party change) and on 4 December (party change). Coded as one cabinet because none of the changes lasts for more than three months.


start_date: 2005-01-10
name: Sharon VIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirtieth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY), Degel HaTorah (DH), Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet ended on 23 November 2005 when Labor-Meimad (MHH) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2006-01-18
name: Sharon IX
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirtieth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Agudat Yisrael (AY), Degel HaTorah (DH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 28 March 2006.


start_date: 2006-05-04
name: Olmert I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-first_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
PM Olmert and his cabinet won an investiture vote on 4 May 2006 (yes: 65, no: 49).
Cabinet ended on 30 October  with a change in party composition. 


start_date: 2006-10-30
name: Olmert II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-first_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Cabinet continued on 30 October 2006 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 16 January 2008 when Israel is our home (YB) withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2013-03-18
name: Netanyahu VII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel
data_source: afp, knesset, reuters
description:
PM Netanyahu and his cabinet won an investiture vote on 18 March 2013 (yes: 68, no: 48).
Cabinet ended on 2 December 2014 after a change in party composition and a dissolution of parliament.


start_date: 2008-09-21
name: Olmert IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-first_government_of_Israel
data_source: reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet remained in office on 21 September 2008.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 February 2009.


start_date: 1961-05-30
name: Ben-Gurion XIV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Caretaker cabinet remained in office on 30 May 1961.
Cabinet ended with election on 15 August 1961.


start_date: 2014-08-05
name: Bliznashki
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliznashki_Government
data_source: reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet (technocrat) was appointed on 5 August 2014.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 October 2014.


start_date: 2014-08-26
name: Valls II
wikipedia: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_Manuel_Valls_(2)
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was re-appointed on 26 August 2014 and won a confidence vote (yes: 269, no: 244, abstain: 53) on 16 September.
Cabinet ended on 11 February 2016 with a change in party composition. 


start_date: 2014-08-28
name: Davutoglu I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Davuto%C4%9Flu
data_source: nyt, reuters
description:
PM Davutoğlu was appointed on 28 August 2014 and cabinet was appointed the following day. The cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 306, no: 133) on 6 September. 
Cabinet resigned on 9 June 2015 following the election on 7 June.


start_date: 2014-08-25
name: Cerar
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Cerar was appointed on 25 August 2014 and cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 54, no: 25) on 18 September.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 June 2018.


start_date: 2014-09-20
name: Stubb II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb%27s_cabinet
data_source: reuters, yle
description:
Cabinet continued on 20 September 2014 after a change in party composition and won a confidence vote (yes: 97, no: 84, abstain: 10) four days later.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 April 2015. 


start_date: 2014-09-22
name: Kopacz
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Ewa_Kopacz
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 22 September 2014 and won an investiture vote (yes: 259, no: 183, abstain: 7) on 1 October.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 October 2015. 


start_date: 2014-10-11
name: Michel I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 11 October 2014 and won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 58, abstain: 1) on 17 October.
Cabinet ended on 9 December 2018 after New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) withdrew over immigration policy.


start_date: 2014-10-02
name: Lofven I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6fven_I_Cabinet
data_source: dpa, reuters
description:
PM Loefven won an investiture vote (yes: 132, no: 49, abstain: 154) on 2 October 2014 and cabinet was appointed a day later.
PM Loefven lost a budget vote (yes: 153; no: 182) on 3 December but announced a minority support agreement on 27 December and won a confidence vote (yes: 133, no 45, abstain: 155) on 20 January.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 September 2018.


start_date: 2014-10-08
name: Key III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_National_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: aap
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 8 October 2014. 
Minority cabinet was supported through confidence and supply agreements with ACT New Zealand, United Future New Zealand and the Maori Party.
PM Key announced his resignation on 5 December 2016 (effective on 12 Dec.) for personal reasons.


start_date: 2014-11-05
name: Straujuma II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Straujuma_cabinet
data_source: leta
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 61, no: 39) on 5 November 2014.
PM Straujuma resigned on 7 December 2015 after conflicts within the coalition. 


start_date: 2014-11-07
name: Borisov II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Borisov_Government
data_source: reuters, sna
description:
PM Borisov (yes: 149, no: 85, abstain: 0) and his cabinet (yes: 136, no: 97 , abstain: 1) won an investiture vote on 7 November 2014.
Cabinet ended on 16 November 2016 after PM Borisov resigned following the GERB candidate loosing the presidential election.


start_date: 2014-12-15
name: Ponta IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Ponta_Cabinet
data_source: ager, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 377, no: 134	) on 15 December 2014 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Minority cabinet was supported by People's Party (PP), Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and parliamentary group of ethnic minorities.
PM Ponta resigned on 4 November 2015 after street protests. 


start_date: 2014-12-02
name: Netanyahu VIII
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-third_government_of_Israel
data_source: reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 2 December 2014.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 17 March 2015. 


start_date: 2014-12-24
name: Abe IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinz%C5%8D_Abe
data_source: kyodo
description:
PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 328, total: 470 [lower house]; yes: 135, total: 240 [upper house]) on 24 December 2014 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended with early election on 22 October 2017.


start_date: 2015-01-27
name: Tsipras I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Alexis_Tsipras
data_source: ana, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 27 January 2015 and PM Tsipras won a confidence vote (yes: 162, no: 137, absent: 1) on 11 February. 
PM Tsipras resigned on 20 August 2015 after losing parliamentary majority.


start_date: 1998-01-04
name: Netanyahu II
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Cabinet continued on 4 January 1998 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YH) through a deputy minister position.
Parliament voted for an early election (yes: 30, no: 81) on 21 December 1998 following conflict over the peace process.


start_date: 1998-12-21
name: Netanyahu III
data_source: reuters
description:
Minority cabinet was supported by Yahadut HaTora HaMeuhedet (YH) with a deputy minister.
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 21 December 1998.
Cabinet ended with early election on 17 May 1999.


start_date: 2015-04-09
name: Roivas II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taavi_R%C3%B5ivas%27_second_cabinet
data_source: err, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investíture vote (yes: 58, no: 40) on 8 April and was appointed the day after.
PM Rõivas lost a no-confidence vote (yes: 28, no: 63) on 9 November 2016.


start_date: 2015-05-14
name: Netanyahu IX
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: afp, knesset
description:
PM Netanyahu and his cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 61, no: 59) on 14 May 2015.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YT) through a deputy minister position.
Cabinet ended on 30 May 2016 after a change in party composition.


start_date: 2015-05-08
name: Cameron II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Cameron_ministry
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet continued after the election on 7 May 2015. 
PM Cameron resigned on 13 July 2016 after the Brexit referendum. 


start_date: 2015-05-29
name: Sipilae I
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipil%C3%A4_Cabinet
data_source: yle
description:
PM Sipilae won an investiture vote (yes: 128, no: 62, abstain: 2, absent: 7) on 28 May 2015 and cabinet was appointed a day later.
Cabinet ended on 13 June 2017 when Finns Party (PS) split and withdrew from the cabinet.


start_date: 2015-06-28
name: Rasmussen L II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen_II_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Rasmussen was appointed on 28 June 2015.
Minority cabinet was supported by Conservatives (KF), Danish Peoples Party (DF) and Liberal Alliance (LA).
Cabinet ended on 28 November 2016 with a change in party composition. 


start_date: 2015-08-28
name: Davutoglu II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_interim_election_government_of_Turkey
data_source: dw
description:
Caretaker cabinet under PM Davutoglu was appointed on 28 August 2015.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 November.


start_date: 2015-09-15
name: Turnbull I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnbull_Ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Turnbull was appointed on 15 September 2015 after winning a party vote. 
Cabinet ended on 18 July 2016 after election. 


start_date: 2015-09-21
name: Tsipras II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Alexis_Tsipras
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Tsipras was appointed on 21 September 2015. 
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 155, no: 144, absent: 1) on 8 October 2015.
Cabinet ended on 13 January 2019 when Independent Greeks (ANEL) withdrew from coalition over Macedonia naming dispute.


start_date: 2015-10-30
name: Passos Coelho II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Passos_Coelho
data_source: afp
description:
PM Passos Coelho was appointed on 30 October 2015.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 123, no:107) on 10 November 2015 over austerity policy and resigned.


start_date: 2015-11-30
name: Davutoglu III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Davuto%C4%9Flu_Cabinet
data_source: sns
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 24 November 2015 and won an investiture vote (yes: 315, no: 194) on 30 November. 


start_date: 2015-11-16
name: Szydlo
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Beata_Szyd%C5%82o
data_source: ap
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 16 November 2015 and won an investiture vote (yes: 236, no: 202, abstain: 18) two days later.
Cabinet includes Poland Together (PR) and United Poland (SP) as members of the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary group.
Cabinet ended on 11 December 2017 when PM Szydlo was replaced due to internal party dynamics. 


start_date: 2015-11-10
name: Ciolos
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciolo%C8%99_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 10 November 2015 and won an investiture vote (yes: 389, no: 115) on 17 November.
Cabinet ended with election on 11 December 2016.


start_date: 2015-11-26
name: Costa I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXI_Constitutional_Government_of_Portugal
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 26 November 2015.
Minority cabinet supported by Bloc of the Left (BE) and Unified Democratic Coalition (CDU).
Cabinet ended with election on 6 October 2019.


start_date: 2015-12-09
name: Bundesrat 2015
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Council
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet started on 9 December 2015 with the election of Guy Parmelin (SVP) to the Federal Council.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2019. 


start_date: 1918-04-22
name: Zahle IV
wikipedia: https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Zahle_II
description:
Minority cabinet supported by Social Democrats (SD).
Cabinet dismissed on 30 March 1920 by King Christian X following differences after a referendum in the Flensburg zone of Schleswig. This led to a constitutional crisis, the Easter Crisis of 1920.


start_date: 1924-01-23
name: MacDonald I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_MacDonald_ministry
data_source: nyt
description:
Cabinet lost a vote (yes: 198, no: 364) on 8 October 1924 over proceedings against a Communist newspaper editor. Parliament was dissolved a day later and early elections took place on 29 October.


start_date: 1923-05-25
name: Baldwin I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Government_1922–24
description:
PM Baldwin took office after PM Bonar Law resigned in 1923.
Cabinet endet after Baldwin called for an early election six month later.


start_date: 1939-07-25
name: Colijn V
wikipedia: https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinet-Colijn_V
description:
Cabinet ended on 27 July 1939 following a no confidence vote raised by Roman-Catholic State Party (Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij).


start_date: 1928-01-28
name: Hornsrud
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornsrud%27s_Cabinet
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 28 January 1928.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 63, no: 86) on 8 February and resigned a week later.


start_date: 2016-02-11
name: Valls III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Valls_Government
data_source: bbe-21
description:
Cabinet continued on 11 February 2016 after a change in party composition. 
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM Valls on 6 December 2016.

comment:
Europe Ecology – The Greens (EE-LV) leader Emmanuelle Cosse became Housing Minister and resigned as party leader on 11 February 2016 to join Ecologists (E) (see Guinaudeau and Persico 2021, AFP)


start_date: 2016-02-11
name: Kucinskis I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%8Dinskis_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 60, no: 32) on 11 February 2016.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 October 2018.


start_date: 1927-10-11
name: Cosgrave IV
wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_6th_D%C3%A1il#4th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State


start_date: 1937-07-21
name: Valera III
wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_9th_D%C3%A1il#8th_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State


start_date: 1920-03-30
name: Liebe
wikipedia: https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeringen_Otto_Liebe
description:
Caretaker cabinet appointed on 30 March 1920 by King Christian X leading to the Easter Crisis.
PM Liebe resigned on 4 April after unions initiated a general strike.


start_date: 2016-04-07
name: Johannsson
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sigur%C3%B0ur_Ingi_J%C3%B3hannsson
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Johannsson was appointed on 7 April 2016 and called early election for the fall. The cabinet won a confidence vote (yes:37, no: 26) on 8 April.
Cabinet ended with early election on 29 October 2016.


start_date: 2016-03-23
name: Fico III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fico%27s_Third_Cabinet
description:
PM Fico and the cabinet were appointed on 23 March 2016. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 79, no: 61) on 26 April.
Cabinet ended on 16 August 2016 when Network (Sieť)  withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2016-05-06
name: Kenny II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Kenny won an investiture vote (yes: 59, no: 49) on 6 May 2016.
Cabinet ended on 14 June 2017 after PM Kenny resigned.


start_date: 2016-05-30
name: Netanyahu X
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, pc, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 30 May 2016 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 18 November 2018 after Israel is Our Home (YB) withdrew.

comment:
"(...) In September 2015 the supreme court ruled that Yahadut HaTorah’s chairman could not stay as a junior minister in charge of the health department, leading to him being appointed the minister of health. Thus, at least for the Netanyahu X cabinet, this party should be included as a cabinet partner." (Or Tuttnauer, MZES Mannheim; personal communication, August 2019)


start_date: 2016-05-24
name: Yildirim
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 24 May 2016 and won an investiture vote (yes: 315, no: 138) on 30 May.
Cabinet ended on 9 July 2018 with presidential election and the change to a presidential system.


start_date: 2016-07-13
name: May I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_May_ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 13 July 2016 after the resignation of PM Cameron over the Brexit referendum.
PM May called a snap election to strengthen her mandate for Brexit. Cabinet ended with a snap election on 8 May 2017.


start_date: 2016-07-19
name: Turnbull II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Turnbull_Ministry
data_source: aap
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 19 July 2016.
Cabinet ended on 23 August 2017 after PM Turnbull lost a party confidence vote.


start_date: 2016-09-01
name: Fico IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fico%27s_Third_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 1 September 2016 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 15 March 2018 when PM Robert Fico resigned after mass protests.


start_date: 2016-06-26
name: Rajoy III
wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Spanish_government_formation#First_attempt_.28December_2015_.E2.80.93_April_2016.29

description:
Caretaker cabinet continued after election on 26 June 2016.
Cabinet ended on 29 October 2016 when the new cabinet was invested.


start_date: 2016-10-29
name: Rajoy IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rajoy_Government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 170, no: 111, abstain: 68) after four months of deadlock in the formation process and was sworn in two days later.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote on 1 June 2018 (yes: 169, no: 180, constructive no-vote) and PM Sanchez was elected.


start_date: 2016-11-20
name: Ratas I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Ratas%27_cabinet
data_source: afp
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 20 November 2016 and was sworn in three days later. 
Cabinet ended with election on 3 March 2019.


start_date: 2016-11-22
name: Skvernelis I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvernelis_Cabinet
data_source: afp, elta
description:
PM Skvernelis won an investiture vote (yes: 90, no: 4, abstain: 33) on 22 November 2016. 
Cabinet ended on 19 October 2017 after Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) split.


start_date: 2016-11-28
name: Rasmussen L III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen_III_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 28 November 2016 after a change in party composition. 
Cabinet ended with election on 5 June 2019.


start_date: 2016-12-06
name: Cazeneuve
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazeneuve_government
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Cazeneuve was appointed on 6 December 2016 after former PM Valls resigned.
Caretaker cabinet in office until the presidential election.
Cabinet resigned on 10 May 2017 after presidential elections.


start_date: 2016-10-19
name: Plenkovic I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87_I
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 91, no: 45, abstain: 3) on 19 October 2016.
Cabinet ended on 27 April 2017 after PM Plenkovic dismissed most ministers.


start_date: 2016-12-12
name: Gentiloni
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentiloni_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Gentiloni was appointed on 12 December 2016 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 13 December (yes: 368, no: 105 [lower house]; yes: 169, no: 99 [upper house]).
Cabinet ended with election on 4 March 2018.


start_date: 2017-01-10
name: Benediktsson B
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bjarni_Benediktsson_(2017)
data_source: reuters
comment: Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970), see also PM Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908)
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 11 January 2017.
Cabinet ended on 15 September 2017 after Bright Future (BF) withdrew.


start_date: 2017-01-25
name: Gerdzhikov
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdzhikov_Government
data_source: ap, reuters
comment: President of caretaker cabinet Rumen Radev is independent.
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 25 January 2017. 
Cabinet ended with the appointment of PM Borisov and his cabinet on 4 May 2017.


start_date: 2017-06-06
name: Muscat II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltese_Government_2017%E2%80%932022
data_source: reuters, tom
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 6 June 2017.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Muscat on 13 January 2020.


start_date: 2017-06-11
name: May II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_May_ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 11 June 2017.
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM May on 24 July 2019.


start_date: 2017-06-14
name: Philippe I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippe_government
description:
PM Philippe was appointed on 15 March 2017 after the presidential election.
Cabinet ended with election on 10 June 2017 and resigned on 19 June.


start_date: 2017-06-21
name: Philippe II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Philippe_government
data_source: afp
description:
PM Philippe was re-appointed on 21 June 2017 after a parliamentary election.
PM Philippe resigned on 3 July 2020 to allow for a cabinet reshuffle.


start_date: 2017-06-13
name: Sipilae II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipil%C3%A4_Cabinet
data_source: valt
description:
Cabinet continued on 13 June 2017 after a change in party composition and won a confidence vote (yes: 104, no: 85) on 20 June.
Cabinet ended after PM Sipilaes request to dissolve the cabinet on 8 March 2019.


start_date: 2017-06-14
name: Varadkar I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il
description:
PM Varadkar won an investiture vote (yes: 57, no: 50, abstain: 47) on 14 June 2017.
Minority cabinet was supported by a confidence and supply agreement with Fianna Fail (FF).
Cabinet ended with election on 8 February 2020.


start_date: 2017-07-09
name: Plenkovic II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87_I
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 78) on 9 June 2017 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 July 2020.


start_date: 2017-01-04
name: Grindeanu
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grindeanu_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 295, no: 133) on 4 January 2017.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 241, no: 7) on 21 June 2017 after Social Democrats (PSD) withdrew support for PM Grindeanu.


start_date: 2017-06-29
name: Tudose
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudose_Cabinet
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 275, no: 102 ) on 29 June 2017.
PM Tudose resigned on 15 January 2018 after Social Democrats withdrew support.


start_date: 2017-09-24
name: Merkel IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Merkel_cabinet
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 24 September 2017.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 14 March 2018.


start_date: 2017-09-11
name: Solberg II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solberg's_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 9 September 2017 with a reshuffle on 20 October.
Minority cabinet was supported by Liberal Party (V) and Christian Democratic Party (KrF)
Cabinet ended on 17 January 2018 when Liberal Party (V) joined coalition.

comment:
Christian Democrats (KrF) withdrew from coalition talks on 27 September 2017.
Liberal Party (V) started formal talks to join cabinet on 9 Dezember 2017.

Not coded as caretaker cabinet because of reshuffle on 20 October 2017. No change coded due to negative parliamentarism and ParlGov three month rule. Cabinet support information based on previous support, coalition talks coverage and succeeding support.


start_date: 2018-01-17
name: Solberg III
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solberg's_Cabinet
data_source: dpa, local, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 17 January 2018 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by Christian Democratic Party (KrF).
Cabinet ended on 22 January 2019 when Christian Democratic Party (KrF) joined the coalition. 


start_date: 2017-10-26
name: Ardern I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: ejpr, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 26 October 2017.
Minority coalition cabinet was supported through confidence and supply agreements with Greens.
Cabinet ended with election on 17 October 2020.


start_date: 2017-12-13
name: Babis I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1%27_First_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Babiš was appointed on 12 December 2017 and cabinet lost an investiture vote on 16 January 2018 (yes: 78; no: 117, abstain: 6).
Caretaker cabinet remained in office until new cabinet formed on 27 June 2018.


start_date: 2017-11-01
name: Abe V
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Abe_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 312, total: 465 [lower house]; yes: 151, total: 242 [upper house]) on 1 November 2017 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended on 16 September 2020 after PM Abe resigned due to health problems.


start_date: 2017-12-11
name: Morawiecki I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Mateusz_Morawiecki
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 243, no: 192) on 11 December 2017.
Cabinet includes  Alliance (P) and United Poland (SP) as members of the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary group.
Cabinet ended with election on 13 October 2019.


start_date: 2018-01-29
name: Dancila I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%83ncil%C4%83_Cabinet
data_source: ap, reuters
comment: coded as one cabinet according to ParlGov's "three month rule"
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 282) on 29 January 2018.
Cabinet ended on 26 August 2019 after the withdrawal of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) over cabinet internal differences.
Cabinet lost a vote of no confidence (yes: 238, no: 4) on 10 October 2019.


start_date: 2018-03-14
name: Merkel V
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Merkel_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Merkel won an investiture vote (yes: 364, no: 315, abstain: 9) on 14 March 2018.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 September 2021.


start_date: 2018-03-22
name: Pellegrini
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellegrini%27s_Cabinet
data_source: reuters, spectator
description:
PM Pellegrini and the cabinet were appointed on 22 March 2018. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 81) on 27 March 2018.
Cabinet ended with election on 29 February 2020.


start_date: 2017-10-26
name: Rutte V
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet
data_source: ap, dn, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 26 October 2017.
Cabinet resigned on 15 January 2021 over "mismanagement of childcare subsidies" (Reuters).


start_date: 2018-05-10
name: Orban IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Orb%C3%A1n_Government
data_source: dpa
description:
PM Orban was appointed on 10 May 2018 and cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 127, no: 35) a day later.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 April 2022.


start_date: 2018-06-01
name: Conte I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte_I_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Conte was appointed on 1 June 2018 and cabinet won confidence votes on 5/6 June (yes: 350, no: 236, abstain: 35 [lower house]; yes: 171, no: 117 [upper house]).
PM Conte resigned on 20 August 2019 over a coalition conflict with interior minister Matteo Salvini (LN).


start_date: 2018-06-02
name: Sanchez I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_government
data_source: reuters
comment: see confidence vote coded for Rajoy IV.
description:
Cabinet won a constructive vote of no confidence on 1 Juni 2018 against Rajoy IV cabinet. The vote was supported by Podemos and other national parties. PM Sánchez was appointed on 2 June 2018.
Cabinet called an early election on 15 February 2019 after loosing a budget vote. It took place on 28 April.


start_date: 2018-06-27
name: Babis II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babi%C5%A1%27_Second_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
comment: Cabinet lost minority support by Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSCM) on 13 April 2021.
description:
PM Babiš was appointed on 27 June 2018 and cabinet won an investiture vote on 12 July (yes: 105, no: 91).
Minority cabinet supported by Communist Party (KSCM).
Cabinet ended with election on 9 December 2021.


start_date: 1919-03-15
name: Renner II
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsregierung_Renner_II
data_source: aufo
description:
Provisional cabinet was elected on 15 March 1919 (Yes: 99, No: 0).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of the entire cabinet, after the ratification of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye.


start_date: 1919-10-17
name: Renner III
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsregierung_Renner_III
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was elected on 17 October 1920 (Yes: 76, No: 19).
Cabinet resigned on 11 Juni 1920 and stayed in office until 7 Juli 1920 as a caretaker government after a coalition crisis.


start_date: 1920-07-07
name: Mayr I
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsregierung_Mayr_I
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was elected on 7 July 1920 as a consensus government to overcome the government crisis and all parties in parliament were involved.
On 22 October 1920 the Social Democrats defected form the government.
Cabinet ended on 20 November 1920.


start_date: 1920-11-20
name: Mayr II
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Mayr_II
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was elected on 20 November 1920 (Yes: 99, No: 59)
Cabinet resigned on 1 Juni 1921 with the resignation of Mayr and stayed in office until 21 June 1921 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1921-06-21
name: Schober I
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Schober_I
data_source: aufo, onb
description:
Cabinet was elected on 21 June 1921 (Yes: 98, No: 62)
Schober resigned on 26 January 1922, because the GDVP didn't support the government anymore after the ratification of the Treaty of Lana.


start_date: 1922-01-27
name: Schober II
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Schober_II
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was elected on 27 January 1922 (Yes 80, No: 72) one day after the resignation of Schober.
The Cabinet ended on 24 May 1922.


start_date: 1923-04-17
name: Seipel II
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was elected on 17 April 1923 (Yes: 100, No: 59).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of the cabinet on 20 November 1923.


start_date: 1923-11-20
name: Seipel III
data_source: aufo
description:
Cabinet was re-elected as Seibel III on 20 November 1923 (Yes: 97, No: 68).
The Cabinet endet on 8 November 1924 and stayed in office until 20 November 1924 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1924-11-20
name: Ramek I
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Ramek_I
data_source: chisols, onb
description:
Cabinet was elected on 20 November 1924 (Yes: 91; No: 60).
Cabinet endet with the resignation of the cabinet on 14 January 1926.


start_date: 1926-01-15
name: Ramek II
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Ramek_II
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was elected on 15 January 1926 (Yes: 80, No:	53).
Cabinet resigned on 15 October 1926 and stayed in office until 20 October 1926 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1926-10-20
name: Seipel IV
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was elected on 20 October 1926 (Yes: 91, No:	59).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of the cabinet on 18 May 1927.


start_date: 1929-09-26
name: Schober III
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was elected on 26 September 1929 (Yes: 84, No: 69).
Chancellor Schober was forced to  resign on 25 September 1930 after the resignation of his Vice-Chancellor Vaugoin, who was appointed Chancellor afterwards.


start_date: 1930-09-30
name: Vaugoin
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Vaugoin
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 30 September 1930.
Cabinet resigned 29 November 1930 and stayed in office until 4 December 1930 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1930-12-04
name: Ender
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 4 December 1930.
Cabinet ended on 16 June 1931 and stayed in office until 20 June 1931 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1931-06-20
name: Buresch I
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 20 June 1931.
Cabinet resigned on 27 January 1932 and stayed in office until 29 January 1932 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 1932-01-29
name: Buresch II
data_source: onb
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 29 January 1932.
Cabinet resigned on 6 May 1932 and stayed in office until 20 May 1932 as a caretaker government.


start_date: 2018-08-17
name: Sarec
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Cerar was appointed on 17 August 2018 and won an investiture vote (yes: 55, no: 31).  Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 45, no: 34, abstain: 11) on 13 September 2018.
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM Sarec on 27 January 2020 after failing to pass legislation.


start_date: 1919-02-13
name: Scheidemann
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheidemann_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 13 February 1919, through the provisional law "Gesetz über die vorläufige Reichsgewalt" by Reichspräsident Ebert.
Scheidemann resigned on 20 June 1919, because he could not agree to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.


start_date: 1919-06-22
name: Bauer I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauer_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 22 June 1919.
Cabinet ended on 2 October 1919, when the DDP joined the government.


start_date: 1919-10-03
name: Bauer II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauer_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 3 October 1919.
Cabinet resigned on 27 January 1920 in response to the Kapp Putsch.


start_date: 1920-06-26
name: Fehrenbach
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehrenbach_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 26 June 1920.
Fehrenbach resigned on 4 May 1921, since there was no agreement on dealing with reparations payments, and the DVP withdrew its support of the government.


start_date: 1921-05-10
name: Wirth I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Wirth_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 10 May 1921.
Cabinet resigned on 22 October 1921 in response to the outcome of the  Upper Silesia plebiscite.


start_date: 1921-10-26
name: Wirth II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Wirth_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 26 October 1921.
Cabinet ended on 31 January 1922, when the DDP joined the government.

comment:
Otto Gessler was a member of the DDP but was an individual cabinenet member . Later Walther Rathenau joined the cabinet as a representative of the DDP.


start_date: 1922-01-31
name: Wirth III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Wirth_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 31 January 1922.
Cabinet ended on 31 March 1922, when the BBB joined the government.


start_date: 1922-03-31
name: Wirth IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Wirth_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 31 March 1922.
Cabinet resigned on 14 November 1922, because the SPD refused to agree to include the DVP into the coalition.


start_date: 1922-11-22
name: Cuno
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuno_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 22 November 1922.
Cabinet resigned on 11 August 1923 to forestall a vote of no confidence by the SPD.


start_date: 1923-08-13
name: Stresemann I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Stresemann_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 13 August 1923.
Cabinet resigned on 3 October 1923 over the dispute whether the daily working hours should be increased and took office again with minor modifications in the cabinet.
The SPD left the coalition on 3 November 1923, since the government used the means of the Reich execution on Saxony, but was not willing to do the same in Bavaria.


start_date: 1923-11-03
name: Stresemann II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Stresemann_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
The cabinet took office on 3 November 1923.
The cabinet resigned on 20 November 1923 after losing a confidence vote. 


start_date: 1923-12-01
name: Marx I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Marx_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 1 December 1923.
Cabinet ended on 15 April 1923 due to the withdrawal of the BVP (represented by Erich Emminger) from the cabinet.


start_date: 1924-06-04
name: Marx III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Marx_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet Marx II was confirmed by Reichspräsident Ebert in office after initial coalition negotiations failed, but had no majority support in the Reichstag. Coalition negotiations with SPD and DNVP continued, but were not successful.
Cabinet resigned on 15 December 1924 and stayed in office until 15 January 1925.


start_date: 1925-01-16
name: Luther I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Luther_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 16 January 1925.
Cabinet ended on 29 October 1925, when the DNVP withdrew from the government due to the dispute over the Locarno Treaties.


start_date: 1925-10-29
name: Luther II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Luther_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 29 October 1925.
Cabinet resigned on 5 December 1925 after signing the Locarno Treaties.


start_date: 1926-01-20
name: Luther III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Luther_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 20 January 1926.
Luther resigned on 13 May 1926, after a vote of reprobation against him was successful.


start_date: 1926-05-18
name: Marx IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Marx_cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 18 May 1926.
Cabinet resigned on 17 December 1926 after losing a confidence vote initiated by the SPD.


start_date: 1927-01-29
name: Marx V
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Marx_IV
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 29 January 1927.
Marx resigned on 12 June 1928 due to a dispute over the Reichsschulgesetz.


start_date: 1928-06-29
name: Müller II
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_M%C3%BCller_II
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 29 June 1928.
Müller resigned on  27 March 1930, because the SPD was unwilling to accept a compromise in the dispute over the funding of unemployment insurance.


start_date: 1932-12-03
name: Schleicher
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Schleicher
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 3 December 1932. The cabinet was composed mainly of independent ministers.
Cabinet resigned on 28 January 1933.


start_date: 1933-01-31
name: Hitler
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler_Cabinet
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 31 January 1933.
All non-NSDAP members were later removed from the government.
With the Enabling Act of 24  March 1933, the government was able to pass laws without the Reichstag, which meant the end of the Weimar Republic.


start_date: 1932-06-02
name: Papen I
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Papen
data_source: vs14
comment: Snap election on 6 November 1932.
description:
Cabinet took office on 2 June 1932.
Cabinet endet with the dissolution of the Reichstag on 12 September 1932.


start_date: 1931-10-10
name: Brüning IV
wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabinett_Br%C3%BCning_II
data_source: vs14
description:
Cabinet took office on 10 October 1931.
Cabinet resigned on 31 May 1932, because Brüning could no longer rely on the support of the Reichspräsident.


start_date: 2018-08-24
name: Morrison I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Morrison_Ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Morisson was appointed on 24 August 2018 and the cabinet was appointed two days later.
Cabinet lost majority support on 5 November 2018 due to a by-election seat loss.
Cabinet ended with election on 18 May 2019.


start_date: 2018-12-09
name: Michel II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 9 December 2018 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 May 2019.


start_date: 2018-09-09
name: Lofven II
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6fven_Cabinet
data_source: bbc, reuters, tlse
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 9 September 2018.
PM Loefven lost an investiture vote (yes: 142; no: 204) on 25 September and remained in office as caretaker cabinet.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 18 January 2019.


start_date: 2018-11-18
name: Netanyahu XI
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
comment: coded as caretaker cabinet because PM Netanyahu seeked a dissolution
description:
Cabinet continued on 18 November 2018 after a change in party composition.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YH) through a deputy minister position.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 April 2019.


start_date: 2019-01-18
name: Lofven III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6fven_II_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
comment: negative parliamentarism with no absolute majority against cabinet
description:
PM Loefven won an investiture vote (yes: 115, no: 153, abstain: 77) on 18 January 2019.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 109, no: 181) on 21 June 2021 and resigned on 28 June 2021.	


start_date: 2018-10-06
name: Kucinskis II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C4%8Dinskis_cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 6 October 2018.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet starting on 23 January 2019.


start_date: 2019-01-23
name: Karins I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari%C5%86%C5%A1_cabinet
data_source: bbcm
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 61, no: 39) on 23 January 2019.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 October 2022.


start_date: 2019-01-13
name: Tsipras III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Alexis_Tsipras
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 13 January 2019 after a change in party composition and won a confidence vote on 16 January (yes: 151, no: 148).
Minority cabinet was supported by independent MPs.
Cabinet ended with election on 7 July 2019.


start_date: 2019-01-22
name: Solberg IV
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solberg's_Cabinet
data_source: dpa, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 22 January 2019 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 20 January 2020 after the withdrawal of the Progress Party (FrP) due to internal policy issues.


start_date: 2019-04-29
name: Ratas II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Ratas%27_second_cabinet
data_source: bbcm, err, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 55, no: 44) on 17 April 2019 and was appointed on 29 April 2019.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Ratas on 13 January 2021 "over an inquiry into a property development" (reuters).


start_date: 2019-06-06
name: Rinne
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinne_Cabinet
data_source: reuters, valt, yle
description:
PM Rinne won an investiture vote (yes: 129, no: 62, abstain: 2, absent: 7) on 6 June 2019 and cabinet was appointed on the same day.
Cabinet ended on 3 December 2019 after PM Rinne resigned due to coalition partner's loss of confidence.


start_date: 2019-07-08
name: Mitsotakis Kyr
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Kyriakos_Mitsotakis
data_source: kath, reuters
description:
PM Mitsotakis was appointed on 8 July 2019. The cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 158, no: 142) on 22 July 2019.

comment:
Christos Stylianides has been a minister for Climate Crisis and Civil protection since 6 September 2021. He belongs to the party "Democratic Rally" in Cyprus and received an "honorary Greek citizenship" (Kathimerini). We do not code his party as a government party.


start_date: 2019-06-27
name: Frederiksen I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederiksen_Cabinet
data_source: local, reuters
description:
PM Frederiksen was appointed on 27 June 2019.
Minority cabinet was supported by Danish Social Liberal Party (RV), Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and Red-Green Alliance (En-O).
PM Frederiksen called an early election on 5 October 2022 after Danish Social Liberal Party (RV) threatened with a no-confidence vote. 
Cabinet ended with early election on 1 November 2022.


start_date: 2019-07-24
name: Johnson I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Johnson_ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 24 July 2019 after the resignation of PM May. 
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). 
Cabinet ended with a snap election on 12 December 2019.


start_date: 2019-06-03
name: Bierlein I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bierlein_government
data_source: bka
description:
PM Bierlein was sworn in as the leader of a caretaker cabinet on 3 June 2019.
Cabinet ended with election on 29 September 2019.


start_date: 2019-04-28
name: Sanchez II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_government
data_source: reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 28 April 2019. 
Cabinet formation failed and an election was called on 17 September 2019 that took place on 10 November.


start_date: 2019-04-09
name: Netanyahu XII
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after election on 9 April 2019.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YH) through a deputy minister position.
PM Netanyahu failed to form a government until the deadline of 29 May 2019 and parliament voted to dissolve on 30 May 2019. Cabinet ended with an early election on 17 September 2019.


start_date: 2019-09-05
name: Conte II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet
data_source: bbcm, reuters
description:
PM Conte was appointed on 5 September 2019 and cabinet won confidence votes on 9/10 September (yes: 343, no: 263, abstain: 3 [lower house]; yes: 169, no: 133 [upper house]).

comment:
Italy Alive (Italia Viva) with 25 seats from PD since 17 September 2019. No new cabinet coded for party change and ministers remaining in office.


start_date: 2020-01-07
name: Sanchez III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_II_Government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet lost an investiture vote on 5 January 2020 (yes: 166, no: 165, abstain: 18, absolute majority required) and won a vote with a simple majority two days later (yes: 167, no: 165, abstain: 18). PM Sánchez was appointed on 8 January 2020.


start_date: 2019-12-13
name: Johnson II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Johnson_ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 13 December 2019 a day after the election.
PM Johnson won a confidence vote (yes: 211, no: 148) on 6 June 2022.
PM Johnson resigned on 7 July 2022 after several resignations of cabinet members and remained in office until a new cabinet was formed on 6 September 2022.


start_date: 2019-12-10
name: Marin
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Cabinet
data_source: reuters, yle
description:
PM Marin won an investiture vote (yes: 99, no: 70, absent: 30) on 10 December 2019 and cabinet was appointed the same day.


start_date: 2019-09-29
name: Bierlein II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bierlein_government
data_source: bka
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 29 September 2019 until PM Kurz formed a new cabinet on 7 January 2020.


start_date: 2020-01-07
name: Kurz II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Kurz_government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 7 January 2020.
Cabinet ended on 11 October 2021 after PM Kurz resigned on 9 October 2021 following corruption allegations.


start_date: 2019-11-15
name: Morawiecki II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Mateusz_Morawiecki
data_source: dpa, pnbbae
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 15 November 2019 and won an investiture vote (yes: 259, no: 183, abstain: 7) on 19 November 2019.
Cabinet includes Alliance (P) and United Poland (SP) as members of the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary group.


start_date: 2019-09-17
name: Netanyahu XIII
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fourth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after election on 17 September 2019.
Minority cabinet was supported by United Torah Judaism (YH) through a deputy minister position.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 2 March 2020 after PM Netanyahu failed to form a government.


start_date: 2017-10-19
name: Skvernelis II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvernelis_Cabinet
data_source: elta
description:
Cabinet continued after a change in parliamentary group composition.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2019, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 2019-07-23
name: Skvernelis III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skvernelis_Cabinet
data_source: elta
description:
PM Skvernelis won an investiture vote (yes: 83, no: 1, abstain: 30) on 23 July 2019 and cabinet (yes: 75, no: 27, abstain: 9) on 20 August.
Cabinet ended with election on 11 October 2020.


start_date: 2020-01-24
name: Solberg V
wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solberg's_Cabinet
data_source: dpa, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 20 January 2020 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 12 October 2021 with the resignation of PM Solberg.


start_date: 2019-11-04
name: Orban I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Orban_Cabinet
data_source: ap, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 240) on 4 November 2019.
Cabinet ended on 5 February 2020 after losing a confidence vote (yes: 261, no: 139).


start_date: 2019-10-21
name: Trudeau J II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 21 October 2019.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 20 September 2021.


start_date: 2019-05-26
name: Michel III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_II_Government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 26 May 2019.
Cabinet ended on 27 October 2019 with the resignation of PM Michel due to his election as President of the European Council.


start_date: 2019-10-27
name: Wilmes I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilm%C3%A8s_I_Government
data_source: afp, euobs, reuters
description:
Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 27 October 2019.
Cabinet ended on 17 March 2020 after winning legislative support and loosing caretaker status.


start_date: 2020-03-03
name: Jansa III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: reuters, sta
description:
PM Jansa was appointed on 3 March 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 31). Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 31) on 13 March 2020.
Cabinet established a support agreement on 3 July 2020 with Slovenian National Party (SNP) and two independent MPs.
Cabinet ended on 17 December 2020 after DeSUS withdrew from the coalition.


start_date: 2020-03-21
name: Matovic
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Igor_Matovi%C4%8D
data_source: dpa, reuters
description:
PM Matovic and the cabinet were appointed on 21 March 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 93, no: 48) on 30 April 2020.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Matovic on 30 March 2021.


start_date: 2020-03-14
name: Orban II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Orban_Cabinet
data_source: ap
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 286, no: 23) on 14 March 2020.
Minority cabinet was supported by Social Democratic Party (PSD) as an emergency government in the coronavirus crisis.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 December 2020.


start_date: 2020-03-19
name: Wilmes II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilm%C3%A8s_II_Government
data_source: afp, euobs
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 44) on 19 March 2020.
Minority cabinet was supported by most opposition parties as an emergency government in the coronavirus pandemic.
Cabinet ended on 1 October 2020 after the agreed period of three month.

comment:
"The two main changes are that it would no longer be a caretaker government, but a fully-fledged one – and that it would receive extraordinary powers." (EU Observer,  2020-03-17).


start_date: 1998-03-10
name: Vagnorius III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagnorius_Cabinet_II
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Vagnorius won an investiture vote (yes: 92, no: 19, abstain: 9) on 10 March 1998.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Vagnorius on 30 April 1999.


start_date: 2003-03-04
name: Brazauskas II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazauskas_Cabinet_I
data_source: elta, reuters
description:
PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 12; abstain: 18) on 4 March 2003.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2004, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.


start_date: 2009-07-16
name: Kubilius III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubilius_Cabinet_II
data_source: elta
description:
PM Kubilius won an investiture vote (yes: 79, no: 36, abstain: 13) on 16 July 2009.
Cabinet ended on 21 September 2010 with the merger of the coalition partners Liberal and Centre Union (LiCS) and the National Resurrection Party (TPP). 


start_date: 2014-07-15
name: Butkevicius II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butkevi%C4%8Dius_Cabinet
data_source: xna
description:
PM Butkevičius won an investiture vote (yes: 88, no: 36, abstain: 7) on 15 July 2014.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 October 2016.


start_date: 2004-07-13
name: Brazauskas III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazauskas_Cabinet_I
data_source: elta
description:
PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 5, abstain: 11) on 13 July 2004.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2004 and resigned on 15 November.

comment:
Full investiture of cabinet after June 2004 presidential election and before October parliamentary election. So coded as a new cabinet without caretaker status and not as a continuation caretaker cabinet according to three-month-rule.


start_date: 2018-07-09
name: Erdogan IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_IV
data_source: afp, dpa
description:
President Erdoğan was appointed on 9 July 2018 after winning the presidential election. He is the first president governing Turkey after a constitutional referendum.
Cabinet was supported by MHP and BBP.


start_date: 2020-12-23
name: Citu
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AE%C8%9Bu_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 260, no: 186) on 23 December 2020.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (no: 281) on 5 October 2021.


start_date: 2020-07-23
name: Plenkovic III
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87_II
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 76, no: 59) on 23 July 2020.
Minority cabinet was supported by Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (HNS-LD) and People's Party – Reformists (NS-R)


start_date: 2020-10-31
name: Ardern II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Labour_Government_of_New_Zealand
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 2 November 2020.
Majority cabinet was supported through cooperation agreement with Greens.


start_date: 2020-10-01
name: De Croo
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Croo_Government
data_source: dpa, euobs, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 1 October 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 87, no: 54, abstain: 7) on 3 October.


start_date: 2020-07-03
name: Castex
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castex_government
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Castex was appointed on 3 July 2020.
PM Castex resigned on 16 May 2022 to allow for a cabinet reshuffle.


start_date: 2020-02-08
name: Varadkar II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_32nd_D%C3%A1il
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 8 February 2020.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 27 June 2020.


start_date: 2020-11-24
name: Simonyte
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0imonyt%C4%97_Cabinet
data_source: ap, emw
description:
PM Simonyte won an investiture vote (yes: 62, no: 10, abstain: 41) on 24 November 2020 and cabinet (yes: 78, no: 30, abstain: 20) on 11 December 2020.


start_date: 2020-09-16
name: Suga
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suga_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Suga won an investiture vote (yes: 314, total: 462 [lower house]; yes: 142, total: 245 [upper house]) on 16 September 2020 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended on 04 October 2021 due to resignation of PM Suga.


start_date: 2020-05-17
name: Netanyahu XIV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-fifth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
PM Netanyahu and his cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 73, no: 46) on 17 May 2020.
Cabinet ended with elections on 23 March 2021.

comment:
changes in cabinet composition:
+ Minister of Construction and Housing, Yakov Litzman (Agudat Yisrael)
+ 17.5. to 15.9.2020 and 18.11. to 6.4.2021
+ not included due to three-month-rule


start_date: 2021-11-10
name: Kishida II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Kishida_Cabinet
data_source: kyodo
description:
PM Kishida won an investiture vote (yes: 297, total: 465 [lower house]; yes: 141, total: 245 [upper house]) on 10 November 2021.


start_date: 2021-10-04
name: Kishida I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Kishida_Cabinet
data_source: kyodo
description:
PM Kishida won an investiture vote (yes: 311, total: 458 [lower house]; yes: 141, total: 241 [upper house]) on 04 October 2021 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 November 2021.


start_date: 2021-01-15
name: Rutte VI
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Rutte_cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after election on 21 March 2021.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 10 January 2022.


start_date: 2021-12-17
name: Fiala
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Fiala%27s_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 17 December 2021.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 106, no: 87, absent: 7) on 13 January 2022.


start_date: 2021-06-13
name: Bennett
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-sixth_government_of_Israel
data_source: knesset, reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 60 no: 59) on 13 June 2021.
PM Benett resigned on 30 June 2022.


start_date: 2021-07-09
name: Lofven IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6fven_III_Cabinet
data_source: afp, dpa, reuters
comment: negative parliamentarism with no absolute majority against cabinet
description:
PM Loefven won an investiture vote (no: 173) on 9 July 2021.
PM Loefven resigned on 10 November 2021 to make place for a new PM.


start_date: 2021-11-30
name: Andersson
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersson_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters, riksdagen
description:
PM Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 101, no: 173, abstain: 75) on 29 November 2021 and was appointed a day later (see details cabinet formation in "comment").
Cabinet ended with election on 11 September 2022 and PM Andersson resigned on 15 September.

comment:
A coalition of Social Democrats and Greens was planned and Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 117, no: 174, abstain: 57) on 24 November 2021 (AFP).

A budget proposal by the new government failed on the same day when the Centre Party withdrew support over a government agreement with the Left Party (AFP).

A new budget proposal by Moderates, Christian-Democrats and Sweden Democrats won parliamentary support. The government faced a budget drafted by the opposition (AFP 29.11). As a consequence, the Greens decided to leave the coalition (Reuters 24.11.).

PM Andersson resigned seven hours after taking office. In her view, constitutional practice required a government to resign if one party leaves (AFP).

On 30 November, PM Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 101, no: 173, abstain: 75) and formed a single party minority cabinet (AP). "Andersson's weak minority means she will have to seek support for her policies on both the left and the right. Her most obvious cooperation partners are the Greens, the Centre and Left parties" (AFP 29.11.).


start_date: 2021-05-12
name: Yanev I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Yanev_Government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 12 May 2021 as a caretaker government after failed attempts to form a government because of indecisive election results.


start_date: 2021-09-16
name: Yanev II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Yanev_Government
data_source: bta, reuters
description:
PM Yanev was re-appointed after April and July elections led to indecisive results and unsuccessful government formation attempts.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 13 December 2021.


start_date: 2021-12-13
name: Petkov
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petkov_Government
data_source: bta
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 134, no: 104, abstain: 0) on 13 December 2021.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 116, no: 123) on 22 June 2022 over "fiscal and economic policies" (Reuters).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM Petkov on 27 June 2022.


start_date: 2021-10-11
name: Schallenberg
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schallenberg_government
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Schallenberg was appointed on 11 October 2021.
Cabinet ended on 6 December 2021 after PM Schallenberg resigned on 2 December following a change in party leadership.


start_date: 2021-01-26
name: Kallas K
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaja_Kallas%27_cabinet
data_source: bns, reuters
description:
PM Kallas won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 30, abstain: 1) on 25 January 2021 and was appointed a day later.
Cabinet ended on 3 June 2022 when PM Kallas dismissed the coalition partner Estonian Centre Party (EK).


start_date: 2021-11-25
name: Ciuca
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciuc%C4%83_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 318, no: 126) on 25 November 2021 and was appointed the same day.


start_date: 2021-04-01
name: Heger I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heger%27s_Cabinet
data_source: dpa, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 1 April 2021 and won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 55, abstain: 0) on 4 May 2021.
Cabinet ended on 13 September 2022 after the withdrawal of the Freedom and Solidarity party (SaS) due to internal cabinet conflicts.

comment:
Matovic and Heger swapped postions. Heger became PM while Matovic became finance minister.
"The swap is aimed at quelling coalition disputes sparked by Matovic's surprise purchase of Russian coronavirus vaccine Sputnik V in March" (Reuters).


start_date: 2021-02-13
name: Draghi I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draghi_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Draghi was appointed on 13 February 2021 and cabinet won confidence votes on 17/18 February (yes: 535, no: 56, abstain: 5 [lower house]; yes: 262, no: 40, abstain: 2 [upper house]).
PM Draghi resigned on 21 July 2022 after LN and FI refused to participate in a confidence vote.


start_date: 2020-12-18
name: Jansa IV
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: sta
description:
Cabinet continued on 18 December 2020 after a change in party composition and won a no-confidence vote (yes: 7, no: 40) on 15 February 2021.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 April 2022.


start_date: 2022-05-16
name: Orban V
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Orb%C3%A1n_Government
data_source: afp, mti-eco
description:
PM Orban won an investiture vote (yes: 133, no: 27) on 16 May 2022 and cabinet was appointed on 24 May.


start_date: 2022-05-20
name: Borne I
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borne_government
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Borne was appointed on 16 May 2022 and cabinet on 20 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 June 2022.


start_date: 2022-06-01
name: Golob
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Government_of_Slovenia
data_source: reuters
description:
PM won an investiture vote on 26 May 2022 (yes: 54, no: 30).
Cabinet was appointed and won an investiture vote (yes: 53, no: 28) on 01 June 2022.


start_date: 2022-06-19
name: Borne II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borne_government
data_source: reuters
description:
Cabinet continued after election on 19 June 2022.
PM Borne won a confidence vote (no: 146) on 11 July 2022.


start_date: 2022-09-06
name: Truss
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss_ministry
data_source: ap, reuters
description:
Cabinet was appointed on 6 September 2022.
PM Truss resigned on 20 October 2022 over economic policy differences and conflicts in her party.
Cabinet ended on 25 October 2022.


start_date: 2022-10-17
name: Kristersson
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristersson_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
PM Kristersson won an investiture vote (yes: 176, no: 173) on 17 October 2022 and cabinet was appointed a day later.


start_date: 2022-07-21
name: Draghi II
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draghi_Cabinet
data_source: afp, reuters
description:
Cabinet continued on 21 July 2022 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 September 2022.


start_date: 2022-10-22
name: Meloni
wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloni_Cabinet
data_source: reuters
description:
PM Meloni was appointed on 22 October 2022 and cabinet won confidence votes on 25/26 October (yes: 235, no: 154, abstain: 5 [lower house]; yes: 115, no: 79, abstain: 5 [upper house]).


