rowid,name,description,comment,cabinet_fts,rank
1016,Abbott,"Cabinet was sworn in on 18 September 2013.
Cabinet ended on 14 September 2015 after PM Abbott lost a party vote. ",,1596,
652,Abe I,,,1596,
373,Abe II,,,1596,
994,Abe III,"PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 328, total: 478 [lower house]; yes: 107, total: 234 [upper house]) on 26 December 2012 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
PM Abe was seeking a new mandate in fall 2012 and dissolved parliament. Cabinet ended with an early election on 14 December 2014. ",,1596,
1098,Abe IV,"PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 328, total: 470 [lower house]; yes: 135, total: 240 [upper house]) on 24 December 2014 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended with early election on 22 October 2017.",,1596,
1451,Abe V,"PM Abe won an investiture vote (yes: 312, total: 465 [lower house]; yes: 151, total: 242 [upper house]) on 1 November 2017 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended on 16 September 2020 after PM Abe resigned due to health problems.",,1596,
1548,Abela,PM Abela was appointed on 13 January 2020.,,1596,
487,Abisala,,,1596,
141,Adenauer I,,,1596,
183,Adenauer II,Cabinet ended on 15 July 1955 when German Bloc (GB/BHE) ministers joined Christian Democrats (CDU) party group.,,1596,
360,Adenauer III,Cabinet ended on 23 February 1956 after ministers of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) withdrew from the party group.,,1596,
606,Adenauer IV,"Cabinet continued on 24 February 1956 when Christian Democrats (CDU) announced to continue the previous coalition with ministers that resigned from the Free Democratic (FDP) party group.
Cabinet changed when German Party (DP) and Free People's Party (FVP) party groups formed a cooperation agreement on 27 September 1956 and formally merged on 14 March 1957.",DP and FVP merger not coded as a new cabinet since no coalition bargaining took place.,1596,
760,Adenauer V,Cabinet ended on 1 July 1960 when German Party (DP) parliamentary group split.,,1596,
867,Adenauer VI,,,1596,
59,Adenauer VII,Adenauer lost support of his party and was forced to resign on 11 November 1963.,,1596,
121,Ahern I,"PM Ahern won an investiture vote (yes: 85, no: 78) on 26 June 1997.
",,1596,
172,Ahern II,"PM Ahern won an investiture vote (yes: 93, no: 68) on 6 June 2002.
",,1596,
826,Ahern III,"PM Ahern won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 76) on 14 June 2007.",,1596,
796,Aho I,,,1596,
197,Aho II,,,1596,
1038,Akbulut,,,1596,
1595,Albanese,PM Albanese was appointed on 23 May 2022.,,1596,
169,Amato I,,,1596,
228,Amato II,,,1596,
1014,Anastasiades I,"President Anastasiades and cabinet were appointed on 28 Februrary 2013.
Cabinet ended on 27 February 2014 after DIKO withdrew its support over disagreement on peace talks with Turkish Cypriots.",,1596,
1035,Anastasiades II,"Cabinet continued on 14 March 2014 when new ministers were sworn in after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 May 2016.
",,1596,
1419,Anastasiades III,Cabinet continued after election on 22 May 2016.,,1596,
1553,Anastasiades IV,President Anastasiades was appointed on 28 February 2018 and the cabinet one day later.,,1596,
1582,Anastasiades V,Cabinet continued after election on 30 May 2021.,,1596,
1576,Andersson,"PM Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 101, no: 173, abstain: 75) on 29 November 2021 and was appointed a day later (see details cabinet formation in ""comment"").
Cabinet ended with election on 11 September 2022 and PM Andersson resigned on 15 September.
","A coalition of Social Democrats and Greens was planned and Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 117, no: 174, abstain: 57) on 24 November 2021 (AFP).

A budget proposal by the new government failed on the same day when the Centre Party withdrew support over a government agreement with the Left Party (AFP).

A new budget proposal by Moderates, Christian-Democrats and Sweden Democrats won parliamentary support. The government faced a budget drafted by the opposition (AFP 29.11). As a consequence, the Greens decided to leave the coalition (Reuters 24.11.).

PM Andersson resigned seven hours after taking office. In her view, constitutional practice required a government to resign if one party leaves (AFP).

On 30 November, PM Andersson won an investiture vote (yes: 101, no: 173, abstain: 75) and formed a single party minority cabinet (AP). ""Andersson's weak minority means she will have to seek support for her policies on both the left and the right. Her most obvious cooperation partners are the Greens, the Centre and Left parties"" (AFP 29.11.).",1596,
380,Andreotti I,"PM Andreotti was appointed by President Giovanni Leone on 17 February 1972 but failed to win an investiture vote in the senate (yes: 151, no: 158) on 26 February 1972 and resigned the same day.",,1596,
420,Andreotti II,,,1596,
135,Andreotti III,"PM Andreotti was appointed on 29 July 1978 and the cabinet the day after.
Cabinet resigned on 16 January 1978 after losing minority support.",,1596,
233,Andreotti IV,,,1596,
611,Andreotti V,,,1596,
441,Andreotti VI,PM Andreotti resigned on 29 March 1991 following a cabinet crisis initiated by former PM Craxi and his Socialist Party (PSI).,,1596,
193,Andreotti VII,"PM Andreotti formed a new cabinet with all former coalition partners and presented it to President Cossiga on 12 April 1991. The cabinet was appointed the following day but the Republican Party (PRI) pulled out after a row over cabinet posts. It won a confidence vote (yes: 339, no: 207 [lower house]; yes: 177, no: 104 [upper house]) on 29 April.",,1596,
261,Ansip I,,,1596,
658,Ansip II,"Cabinet was appointed on 5 April 2007.
Cabinet ended on 21 May 2009 when PM Ansip fired all three SDE ministers.",,1596,
863,Ansip III,"Cabinet continued on 21 May 2009 after a change in party composition. PM Ansip tried to form a new majority coalition including the People's Union (ERa) but announced to continue with a minority cabinet on 2 June.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 March 2011.",,1596,
866,Ansip IV,"Cabinet was appointed on 5 April 2011.
PM Ansip announced to resign on 23 February 2014 preparing the 2015 election.
PM Ansip and the cabinet resigned on 4 March 2014.",,1596,
353,Antall,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 218, no: 126, abstain: 8) on 23 May 1990.
Antall became ill with cancer and died on 12 December 1993.",,1596,
1445,Ardern I,"Cabinet was appointed on 26 October 2017.
Minority coalition cabinet was supported through confidence and supply agreements with Greens.
Cabinet ended with election on 17 October 2020.",,1596,
1562,Ardern II,"Cabinet was appointed on 2 November 2020.
Majority cabinet was supported through cooperation agreement with Greens.",,1596,
1362,Asgeirsson,,,1596,
530,Asgrimsson,,,1596,
854,Ashida,"PM Ashida was elected on 21 February 1948 (yes: 216 [lower house]; yes: 102 [upper house]) and the cabinet came into office on 9 March.
Cabinet resigned on 7 October 1948 following corruption charges.",,1596,
470,Aso,,,1596,
94,Attlee I,,,1596,
84,Attlee II,,,1596,
678,Aura I,,,1596,
374,Aura II,,,1596,
987,Ayrault I,"PM Ayrault was appointed on 15 May 2012 and the cabinet was appointed the following day.
Cabinet ended with election on 10 June 2012 and resigned on 18 June.",,1596,
988,Ayrault II,"PM Ayrault was re-appointed on 18 June 2012 and the cabinet was appointed three days later.
PM Ayrault resigned on 31 March 2014 after losses in local elections.",,1596,
354,Aznar I,"Minority cabinet supported by small regional parties, especially Convergence and Unity (CiU) and Basque National Party (PNV) (Hopkin 2005, 389),",,1596,
296,Aznar II,,,1596,
1449,Babis I,"PM Babiš was appointed on 12 December 2017 and cabinet lost an investiture vote on 16 January 2018 (yes: 78; no: 117, abstain: 6).
Caretaker cabinet remained in office until new cabinet formed on 27 June 2018.
",,1596,
1460,Babis II,"PM Babiš was appointed on 27 June 2018 and cabinet won an investiture vote on 12 July (yes: 105, no: 91).
Minority cabinet supported by Communist Party (KSCM).
Cabinet ended with election on 9 December 2021.
",Cabinet lost minority support by Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSCM) on 13 April 2021.,1596,
156,Bajnai,,,1596,
738,Bajuk,"PM Bajuk lost an investiture vote (yes: 45, no: 45) on 23 May 2000 and won an investiture vote (yes: 46, no: 44) on 7 June 2000.",majority support through SLS+SKD merger,1596,
1233,Baldwin I ,"PM Baldwin took office after PM Bonar Law resigned in 1923.
Cabinet endet after Baldwin called for an early election six month later.",,1596,
1231,Baldwin II ,,,1596,
1227,Baldwin III,,,1596,
1228,Baldwin IV,,,1596,
733,Balkenende I,"Cabinet was appointed on 22 July 2003.
Cabinet ended on 16 October 2002 after conflict within the Fortuyn List (LFD).",,1596,
1053,Balkenende II,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 16 October 2002 until the election on 22 January 2003.,,1596,
119,Balkenende III,,,1596,
62,Balkenende IV,,D66 withdrew from the Balkenende II government and Balkenende III caretaker cabinet came into office to prepare the 2006 election and the 2007 budget.,1596,
66,Balkenende V,,The government collapsed on 20 February 2010 over disagreements on extending troop deployments in Afghanistan. PvdA pulled out of the coalition and Queen Beatrix accepted the resignation of their ministers on 23 February.,1596,
625,Balkenende VI,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after Queen Beatrix called early election on 23 February 2010.,Caretaker cabinet remains more than three month in office before and after the election but continuation caretaker cabinets are only code ones.,1596,
304,Balladur,PM Balladur resigned on 10 May 1995 after his defeat in the presidential election. ,,1596,
378,Balsemao I,,Balsemao resigned on 10 August 1981 due to lack of internal support.,1596,
130,Balsemao II,,,1596,
1065,Barak I,"Cabinet was appointed on 6 July 1999.
Cabinet ended on 24 June 2000 after Energy (Meretz) withdrew from the coalition, followed by Sfarad's guards of the Torah (Shas), National Religious Party (Mafdal) and Israel for Immigration (YBA) on 11 July.",Coded as one cabinet because none of the changes lasts for more than three months.,1596,
915,Barak II,"Cabinet continued on 11 July 2000 after a change in party composition.
PM Barak resigned on 10 December 2000 facing a Palestinian uprising.",,1596,
1080,Barak III,,,1596,
21,Barre I,PM Barre formally resigned on 30 March 1978. ,,1596,
69,Barre II,,,1596,
365,Barroso,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 119, no: 110, abstain: 0) on 18 April 2002.",EJPR Yearbook lists one minister that is independent but member of parliament but there are no independent members of parliament in the last election outcomes.,1596,
1333,Barthou,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 265, no: 290). ",,1596,
946,Barton,PM Barton resigned on 24 September 1903.,,1596,
1483,Bauer I,"Cabinet took office on 22 June 1919.
Cabinet ended on 2 October 1919, when the DDP joined the government.",,1596,
1484,Bauer II,"Cabinet took office on 3 October 1919.
Cabinet resigned on 27 January 1920 in response to the Kapp Putsch.",,1596,
571,Baunsgaard,,,1596,
1380,Bech I,,,1596,
1381,Bech II,,,1596,
1382,Bech III,,,1596,
507,Bech IV,,,1596,
475,Bech V,Cabinet was formed on 28 June 1954 and it terminates when Bech resigns on 26 March 1958.,,1596,
91,Beel I,,,1596,
711,Beel II,,,1596,
904,Begin I,Cabinet ended on 24 October 1977 with a change in party composition.,Single MK  Moshe Dayan had been elected to the Knesset on the Alignment's list.,1596,
905,Begin II,"Cabinet continued on 24 October 1977 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 30 June 1981. ",Peace-Zion (Sh) joined The Consolidation (L) on 5 July 1977. Therefore The Consolidation (L) includes the  Peace-Zion (Sh) ministers.  ,1596,
1058,Begin III,Cabinet ended on 5 July 1982 with a change in party composition. ,,1596,
1059,Begin IV,"Cabinet continued on 26 July 1982 after a change in party composition.
On 30 August 1983, PM Begin announced his resignation because of poor health and resigned on 15 September.",,1596,
308,Belka,,Parliamentary composition changes during legislative term,1596,
1251,Bell,,,1596,
1033,Ben-Gurion I,,,1596,
883,Ben-Gurion II,"Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 73, no: 45) on 10 March 1949.
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 15 October 1950.",,1596,
884,Ben-Gurion III,Cabinet resigned on 14 February 1951 following disagreement with the knesset over the registration of children in schools. ,,1596,
1079,Ben-Gurion IV,,,1596,
890,Ben-Gurion IX,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
885,Ben-Gurion V,"Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 18 September 1952 when Union of Israel (AY) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
918,Ben-Gurion VI,"Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet resigned on 19 December 1952 in disagreement over religious education.",,1596,
886,Ben-Gurion VII,"Minority cabinet was supported by HaMizrahi – Merkaz Ruhani (Mizrahi), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by HaMizrahi – Merkaz Ruhani (Mizrahi), Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
889,Ben-Gurion VIII,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 31 December 1957 over leaking information from cabinet meetings.",,1596,
891,Ben-Gurion X,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].
PM Ben-Gurion resigned on 5 July 1959 following disagreement with the knesset over arms trade.",,1596,
1032,Ben-Gurion XI,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma Ve'avoda (KiVe), Reshima Demokratit LeAravei Yisrael (RDAY) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
892,Ben-Gurion XII,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 77; no: 26) on 31 January 1961 but resigned the same day over intelligence operations (Lavon Affair).",,1596,
1054,Ben-Gurion XIII,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 31 Jan 1961.
Cabinet ended on 30 May 1961 after Agudat Israel Workers (PAY) withdrew from coalition.",,1596,
1078,Ben-Gurion XIV,"Minority cabinet was supported by Hakla'ut Ufituah (HU), Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Caretaker cabinet remained in office on 30 May 1961.
Cabinet ended with election on 15 August 1961.",,1596,
893,Ben-Gurion XV,"Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
528,Benediktsson A I,,"Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908), see also PM Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)",1596,
241,Benediktsson A II,PM Benediktsson died in a fire on 10 July 1970.,"Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908), see also PM Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970)",1596,
1429,Benediktsson B,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 January 2017.
Cabinet ended on 15 September 2017 after Bright Future (BF) withdrew.","Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1970), see also PM Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908)",1596,
1574,Bennett,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 60 no: 59) on 13 June 2021.
PM Benett resigned on 30 June 2022.",,1596,
1108,Bennett ,,,1596,
190,Beregovoy I,,,1596,
1176,Berge,,,1596,
645,Berlusconi I,"Cabinet was sworn in on 11 May 1994 and won a confidence vote (yes: 366; no: 245) on 20 May 1994.
PM Berlusconi resigned on 22 December 1994 to avoid a confidence vote supported by the Northern League (LN) coalition partner.",,1596,
243,Berlusconi II,,,1596,
542,Berlusconi III,,,1596,
789,Berlusconi IV,"PM Berlusconi was appointed on 8 May 2008 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 14/15 May (yes: 335, no: 272, abstain: 1 [lower house]; yes: 173, no: 133, abstain: 1 [upper house]).
Cabinet lost its majority on 30 July 2010 when 33 MPs formed a new parliamentary group Future and Freedom (FLI).
Berlusconi announced to resign on 8 November 2011 after failing to secure an absolute majority in a budget vote (yes: 308, required: 316) and stepped down on 12 November.",,1596,
1297,Berntsen,,,1596,
442,Berov,"Cabinet was approved (yes: 127, no: 24) on 30 December 1992 after a two-month long political crisis. PM Berov was nominated by the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS), but is without any party affiliation.
Cabinet resigned on 2 September 1994 due to the political crisis starting with the vote of confidence on 26 May.",,1596,
22,Berzins,,,1596,
1019,Bettel I,"Cabinet was appointed on 4 December 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 October 2018.",,1596,
1514,Bettel II,Cabinet was appointed on 5 December 2018.,,1596,
144,Bidault I,,,1596,
609,Bidault II,,,1596,
728,Bidault III,,,1596,
72,Bielecki,,,1596,
1526,Bierlein I,"PM Bierlein was sworn in as the leader of a caretaker cabinet on 3 June 2019.
Cabinet ended with election on 29 September 2019.",,1596,
1534,Bierlein II,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 29 September 2019 until PM Kurz formed a new cabinet on 7 January 2020.,,1596,
221,Biesheuvel I,,,1596,
278,Biesheuvel II,,,1596,
747,Bildt,"PM Bildt won an investiture vote on 3 October 1991 (yes: 163, no: 147, abstain: 23).",,1596,
415,Birkavs,,,1596,
802,Blair I,,,1596,
19,Blair II,,,1596,
491,Blair III,,,1596,
1315,Blehr,,,1596,
1177,Blehr I ,Cabinet lost a confidence vote over import controls.,,1596,
1178,Blehr II,,,1596,
1081,Bliznashki,"Caretaker cabinet (technocrat) was appointed on 5 August 2014.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 October 2014.",,1596,
49,Blum,,,1596,
1246,Blum I,,,1596,
1244,Blum II,,,1596,
574,Boc I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 324, no: 115) on 22 December 2008.
PSD ministers resigned on 1 October 2009 and the cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 254, no: 176) on 13 October. It remained in office until the new cabinet formed following presidential elections.",,1596,
943,Boc II,Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 276 no: 135) on 23 December 2009 in a joint sitting of parliament.,,1596,
512,Boc III,"Cabinet continued on 19 May 2010 after a change in party composition when National Union (UNPR) signed a cooperation agreement with the cabinet.
PM Boc resigned on 6 February 2012 after mass protests against the cabinet's austerity measures.",,1596,
1397,Boffa,,,1596,
451,Bolger I,Cabinet was appointed on 2 November 1990.,,1596,
489,Bolger II,Cabinet lost majority support on 11 September 1994 when MP Ross Meurant crossed the floor.,,1596,
795,Bolger III,,"Not coded as a cabinet in the EJPR yearbook. However, cabinet composition changed by appointing ministers from United New Zealand.",1596,
593,Bolger IV,,,1596,
1234,Bonar Law,PM Bonar Law resigned 1923 and was succeeded by PM Baldwin.,,1596,
42,Bondevik I,"Government was appointed on 17 October 1997.
Cabinet resigned on 9 March 2000, effective 17 March, after losing a confidence vote (yes: 71, no: 81, abstain: 13) on environmental legislation.",,1596,
287,Bondevik II,,,1596,
1113,Borden I,,,1596,
1112,Borden II,,,1596,
1396,Borden III,,,1596,
1399,Borg Olivier I,,,1596,
1400,Borg Olivier II,,,1596,
564,Borg Olivier III,,,1596,
654,Borg Olivier IV,,,1596,
771,Borisov I,"PM Borisov and his cabinet were approved on 27 July 2009 (yes: 162, no: 77, abstain: 1).
Cabinet ended with a resignation announcement of PM Borisov on 20 February 2013 after violent protests against high electricity bills and low wages. The parliament accepted the resignation the next day.",,1596,
1095,Borisov II,"PM Borisov (yes: 149, no: 85, abstain: 0) and his cabinet (yes: 136, no: 97 , abstain: 1) won an investiture vote on 7 November 2014.
Cabinet ended on 16 November 2016 after PM Borisov resigned following the GERB candidate loosing the presidential election.",,1596,
1432,Borisov III,"PM Borisov and his cabinet won an investiture votes (yes: 133, no: 101) on 4 May 2017.",,1596,
1596,Borne I,"PM Borne was appointed on 16 May 2022 and cabinet on 20 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 June 2022.",,1596,
1598,Borne II,"Cabinet continued after election on 19 June 2022.
PM Borne won a confidence vote (no: 146) on 11 July 2022.",,1596,
13,Boross,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 201, no: 152, abstain: 5) on 21 December 1993.
",,1596,
271,Borten I,,,1596,
630,Borten II,"PM Borten resigned on 2 March 1971, effective 17 March, following a disclosure of confidential documents about negotiations on European Economic Community membership.",,1596,
1268,Bouisson,,,1596,
200,Bourges-Maunoury,,One minister appointed by African Democratic Rally (RDA).,1596,
343,Brandt I,"Brandt I cabinet lost its legislative majority after several FDP MPs crossed the floor. Opposition leader Barzel (CDU) initiated a constructive vote of no-confidence (yes: 247, no: 10, abstain: 3, total: 260) on 27 April 1972 to be elected as chancellor but gained no majority support. Brandt called for a vote of confidence (yes: 233, no: 248, abstain: 1) on 20 September 1972 to allow for a dissolution of parliament and new elections.",,1596,
832,Brandt II,Brandt resigned on 6 May 1974 following a spy scandal about a staff member.,,1596,
1135,Branting I,,,1596,
1132,Branting II,Cabinet lost a confidence vote over unemployment policy.,,1596,
1130,Branting III,,,1596,
1321,Bratlie,,,1596,
14,Bratteli I,"Cabinet resigned on 7 October 1972, effective 18 October, after a referendum on Norwegian membership in the European Communities, put forward by government, failed on 25 September.",,1596,
53,Bratteli II,"Cabinet was appointed on 16 October 1973.
PM Bratteli announced his resignation intend in September 1975 and formally resigned on 9 January 1976, effective 15 January.",,1596,
997,Bratusek,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 35) on 20 March 2013.
PM Bratušek resigned on 8 May after losing the Positive Slovenia (PS) party leadership.",,1596,
386,Brazauskas I,"PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 45) on 3 July 2001 and cabinet (yes: 81, no: 36, abstain: 6) on 12 July.
Cabinet resigned on 26 February 2003, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.
",,1596,
1555,Brazauskas II,"PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 12; abstain: 18) on 4 March 2003.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2004, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.",,1596,
1558,Brazauskas III,"PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 5, abstain: 11) on 13 July 2004.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2004 and resigned on 15 November.
",Full investiture of cabinet after June 2004 presidential election and before October parliamentary election. So coded as a new cabinet without caretaker status and not as a continuation caretaker cabinet according to three-month-rule.,1596,
274,Brazauskas IV,"PM Brazauskas won an investiture vote (yes: 78, no: 38, abstain: 1) on 24 November 2004 and cabinet (yes: 68, no: 44, abstain: 3) on 14 December.
Cabinet ended on 11 April 2006 after New Union (NS) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
471,Brazauskas V,"Cabinet continued on 11 April 2006 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 31 May 2006 after Labour Party (DP) withdrew from the coalition. PM Brazauskas announced his resignation the same day and submitted it a day later.
Acting PM Balcytis lost an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 48, abstain: 32) on 20 June.",Acting PM not coded as a new cabinet according to three-month-rule.,1596,
1327,Briand I,,,1596,
1348,Briand II,,,1596,
1328,Briand III,,,1596,
1332,Briand IV,"Cabinet lost a conficence vote (yes: 128, no: 161).",,1596,
1283,Briand IX,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 277, no: 287). ",,1596,
1338,Briand V,,,1596,
1339,Briand VI,,,1596,
1292,Briand VII,,,1596,
1287,Briand VIII,,,1596,
114,Brown,Cabinet ended with election on 6 May 2010 and PM Brown resigned on 11 May following electoral defeat.,,1596,
962,Bruce I,,,1596,
963,Bruce II,,,1596,
964,Bruce III,Cabinet ended on 10 September 1929 after PM Bruce was defeated in a bill and obtained a dissolution of the parliament. ,,1596,
78,Brundtland I,,,1596,
376,Brundtland II,,,1596,
563,Brundtland III,,,1596,
547,Brundtland IV,,,1596,
548,Bruton,"PM Bruton won an investiture vote (yes: 85, no: 74) on 15 December 1994.
Cabinet with majority support formed on 15 December 1994.","Cabinet parties ""secured an overall majority as a result of the several by-elections fought since the 1992 election."" (EJPR PDY: 1995: 381)",1596,
1507,Brüning I,"Cabinet took office on 30 March 1930.
Cabinet ended on 16 October 1930.",,1596,
1508,Brüning II,"Cabinet took office on 16 October 1930.
Cabinet ended on 5 December 1930.",,1596,
1509,Brüning III,"Cabinet took office on 5 December 1930.
Cabinet ended on 9 October 1931.",,1596,
1510,Brüning IV,"Cabinet took office on 10 October 1931.
Cabinet resigned on 31 May 1932, because Brüning could no longer rely on the support of the Reichspräsident.",,1596,
10,Buhl II,Provisional cabinet was formed on 5 May 1945.,,1596,
1386,Bundesrat 1902,,,1596,
1387,Bundesrat 1905,,,1596,
1388,Bundesrat 1908,,,1596,
1389,Bundesrat 1911,,,1596,
1392,Bundesrat 1914,,,1596,
1390,Bundesrat 1917 I,,,1596,
1391,Bundesrat 1917 II,,,1596,
931,Bundesrat 1919,,,1596,
930,Bundesrat 1922,,,1596,
929,Bundesrat 1925,,,1596,
927,Bundesrat 1928,Cabinet ended on 12 December 1929 with the election of a Swiss Peoples Party (SVP) member to the Federal Council.,,1596,
928,Bundesrat 1929,Cabinet started on 12 December 1929 with the election of Rudolf Minger (SVP) to the Federal Council.,,1596,
926,Bundesrat 1931,"Cabinet ended on 22 March 1934 with the election of a new chancellor, after Käslin resigned because of health problems.  ",,1596,
925,Bundesrat 1934,Cabinet started on 22 March 1934 with the election of Chancellor Bovet after Käslin resigned. ,,1596,
924,Bundesrat 1935,,,1596,
923,Bundesrat 1939,,,1596,
922,Bundesrat 1943,,,1596,
531,Bundesrat 1947,,,1596,
780,Bundesrat 1951,,,1596,
608,Bundesrat 1955,,,1596,
596,Bundesrat 1959,,,1596,
488,Bundesrat 1963,,,1596,
745,Bundesrat 1967,,,1596,
76,Bundesrat 1971,,,1596,
20,Bundesrat 1975,,,1596,
693,Bundesrat 1979,,,1596,
124,Bundesrat 1983,,,1596,
407,Bundesrat 1987,,,1596,
741,Bundesrat 1991,,,1596,
36,Bundesrat 1995,,,1596,
189,Bundesrat 1999,,,1596,
818,Bundesrat 2003,,,1596,
483,Bundesrat 2007,"Federal Council was elected on 12 December 2007 and the Swiss Peoples Party (SVP) went into opposition.
Cabinet ended with a change in party composition on 10 December 2008.","SVP member Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf was elected instead of Christoph Blocher, later expelled from the party and a founding member the BDP. SVP and BDP are not coded as cabinet members.",1596,
864,Bundesrat 2008,"Cabinet started on 10 December 2008 with the election of Ueli Maurer (SVP) to the Federal Council.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 October 2011.",BDP was formed on 1 November 2008 but start date is set to 10 December 2008 (last change previous cabinet) following three month coding rule.  ,1596,
939,Bundesrat 2011,"Federal Council was elected on 14 December 2011. 
Cabinet ended with election on 18 October 2015.",,1596,
1154,Bundesrat 2015,"Cabinet started on 9 December 2015 with the election of Guy Parmelin (SVP) to the Federal Council.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2019. ",,1596,
1538,Bundesrat 2019,Federal Council was elected on 11 December 2019.,,1596,
1478,Buresch I,"Cabinet was appointed on 20 June 1931.
Cabinet resigned on 27 January 1932 and stayed in office until 29 January 1932 as a caretaker government.",,1596,
1479,Buresch II,"Cabinet was appointed on 29 January 1932.
Cabinet resigned on 6 May 1932 and stayed in office until 20 May 1932 as a caretaker government.",,1596,
992,Butkevicius I,"PM Butkevicius won an investiture vote (yes: 90, no: 40, abstain: 4) on 22 November 2012 and cabinet (yes: 83, no: 39, abstain: 9) on 13 December.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2014, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.",,1596,
1557,Butkevicius II,"PM Butkevičius won an investiture vote (yes: 88, no: 36, abstain: 7) on 15 July 2014.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 October 2016.",,1596,
492,Buzek I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote on 11 November 1997 (yes: 260, no: 173, abstain: 2) on 11 November 1997.
",,1596,
185,Buzek II,,,1596,
1330,Caillaux,,,1596,
1157,Cajander I ,,,1596,
1155,Cajander II,,,1596,
1141,Cajander III,,,1596,
565,Callaghan,"Cabinet lost majority support by April 1976. Minority cabinet was supported by Liberals (L) from March 1977 until August 1978.
Callaghan lost a vote of confidence (yes: 310, no: 311) on 28 March 1979 and called early elections following industrial unrest ('Winter of Discontent').",,1596,
493,Cals,,,1596,
387,Calvo-Sotelo,,"Minority government with various supporting parties (Hopkin 2005, 389),",1596,
835,Cameron I,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 May 2010.
Cabinet ended with election on 7 May 2015.",,1596,
1104,Cameron II,"Cabinet continued after the election on 7 May 2015. 
PM Cameron resigned on 13 July 2016 after the Brexit referendum. ",,1596,
675,Campbell,,,1596,
456,Carlsson I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 178, no: 0, abstain: 159) on 12 March 1986.",,1596,
211,Carlsson II,"Minority cabinet was supported by either Liberals (FP) or Communists (VK).
PM Carlsson threatened to resign if the parliament would not support an economic rescue bill. He lost the vote (yes: 153, no: 190, absent: 6) and resigned on 15 February 1990.",,1596,
702,Carlsson III,"Previous cabinet reformed under Carlsson after the opposition parties failed to form a new government.
PM Carlsson won an investiture vote on 26 February 1990 (yes: 175, no: 101, abstain: 59).
Cabinet ended with election on 15 September 1991 and PM Carlsson resigned the day after.",,1596,
503,Carlsson IV,"PM Carlsson won an investiture vote (yes: 180, no: 26, abstain: 130) on 6 October 1994.
PM Carlsson unexpectedly announced on 18 August 1995 that he would resign the following March.",,1596,
524,Carneiro I,,,1596,
314,Carneiro II,,,1596,
417,Carnogursky,,,1596,
1219,Carton de Wiart,,,1596,
1564,Castex,"PM Castex was appointed on 3 July 2020.
PM Castex resigned on 16 May 2022 to allow for a cabinet reshuffle.",,1596,
292,Castren,,,1596,
1161,Castren ,,,1596,
1425,Cazeneuve,"PM Cazeneuve was appointed on 6 December 2016 after former PM Valls resigned.
Caretaker cabinet in office until the presidential election.
Cabinet resigned on 10 May 2017 after presidential elections.",,1596,
1086,Cerar,"PM Cerar was appointed on 25 August 2014 and cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 54, no: 25) on 18 September.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 June 2018.",,1596,
106,Chaban-Delmas,,,1596,
1226,Chamberlain,,,1596,
1281,Chautemps I,"Cabinet lost an investiture vote (yes: 277, no: 292). ",,1596,
1272,Chautemps II ,,,1596,
1245,Chautemps III,,,1596,
549,Chifley I,,,1596,
466,Chifley II,,,1596,
153,Chirac I,,,1596,
277,Chirac II,PM Chirac resigned on 10 May 1988 after losing the presidential election.,,1596,
753,Chretien I,,,1596,
175,Chretien II,,,1596,
52,Chretien III,,,1596,
1301,Christensen,,,1596,
1304,Christensen II,,,1596,
276,Christofias I,"President Christofias was sworn in on 28 February 2008 and the cabinet one day later.
Cabinet ends with the resignation of Movement for Social Democracy (EDEK) ministers on 1 March 2010.",,1596,
869,Christofias II,"Cabinet continued on 2 March 2010 when new ministers were sworn in after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 May 2011.",,1596,
882,Christofias III,"Cabinet continued after election on 22 May 2011.
President Christofias asked his cabinet to resign on 28 July 2011 after a munitions blast killed 13 people and knocked out a power plant on 11 July. The move came after ministers of junior coalition partner DIKO handed in their resignations .",three month rule not used — election and resignation are independent events,1596,
881,Christofias IV,"Cabinet was sworn in on 5 August 2011 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with presidential election on 24 February 2013.",,1596,
1446,Churchill I,National unity cabinet came into office on 10 March 1945 after the beginning of WWII.,,1596,
1447,Churchill II,,,1596,
662,Churchill III,,"Conservatives and National Liberals formed an electoral alliance, the Woolton-Teviot agreement of May 1947, merging at the constituency level. The Conservatives had no majority of seats in parliament and there were no cabinet members from the National Liberals although Churchill had offered a cabinet position to Clement Davies who turned the offer down. ""The National Liberals met regularly as a group each Wednesday throughout the 1951-5 parliament, though they never voted as a group against the government"" (Dutton 1989, 366-7).",1596,
767,Ciampi,,Contains PLI members (Raffaele Costa) that were only interim ministers.,1596,
1041,Ciller I,"Cabinet was appointed on 25 June 1993.
PM Ciller resigned on 20 September 1995 after Republican People's Party (CHP, formerly SHP) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
1045,Ciller II,"Cabinet continued  after a change in party composition and was approved by President Demirel on 5 October 1995. 
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Left Party (DSP) and National Action Party (MHP).
Cabinet lost a confidence vote on 15 October (yes: 191, no: 230).",Coded as new cabinet because of meaningful investiture procedure.,1596,
1042,Ciller III,"Caretaker cabinet under PM Ciller was appointed on 31 October 1995 and won a confidence vote (yes: 243, no: 171) on 5 November.",,1596,
418,Cimoszewicz,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 273, no: 87, abstain: 28) on 15 February 1996.",,1596,
1139,Ciolos,"Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 10 November 2015 and won an investiture vote (yes: 389, no: 115) on 17 November.
Cabinet ended with election on 11 December 2016.",,1596,
70,Ciorbea,"Parties signed a coalition agreement on 6 December 1996. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 316, no: 152) on 11 December in a joint sitting of parliament and was appointed the day after.
Cabinet ended on 29 January 1998 when Democrats (PD) withdrew. PM Ciorbea resigned on 30 March 1998 and interim PM Dejeu was appointed the same day.",,1596,
1560,Citu,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 260, no: 186) on 23 December 2020.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (no: 281) on 5 October 2021.",,1596,
1588,Ciuca ,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 318, no: 126) on 25 November 2021 and was appointed the same day.",,1596,
721,Clark,"Minority cabinet without support parties.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 133, no: 139) on 13 December 1979 over its energy and budget policy.","""(...) immediately following the election of the Conservative minority government of 1979-80, PM Joe Clark announced he would govern as if he had a majority."" (The Canadian Encyclopedia)",1596,
203,Clark I,confidence and supply from the Greens,,1596,
809,Clark II,confidence and supply from the Greens and United Future,,1596,
408,Clark III,Minority cabinet with confidence and supply from New Zealand First Party and United Future. The Greens agreed to abstain on votes of confidence and supply. The Māori Party also abstained on confidence and supply votes without a formal agreement.,,1596,
1326,Clemenceau I,Cabinet lost a confidence vote. ,,1596,
1296,Clemenceau II,,,1596,
1349,Clemenceau III,,,1596,
618,Clerides I,,,1596,
872,Clerides II,,,1596,
701,Clerides III,,,1596,
871,Clerides IV,,,1596,
1252,Coates,,,1596,
1202,Colijn I ,,,1596,
1199,Colijn II ,,,1596,
1198,Colijn III,,,1596,
1197,Colijn IV,,,1596,
1236,Colijn V,Cabinet ended on 27 July 1939 following a no confidence vote raised by Roman-Catholic State Party (Roomsch-Katholieke Staatspartij).,,1596,
85,Colombo,,,1596,
1324,Combes,,,1596,
1458,Conte I,"PM Conte was appointed on 1 June 2018 and cabinet won confidence votes on 5/6 June (yes: 350, no: 236, abstain: 35 [lower house]; yes: 171, no: 117 [upper house]).
PM Conte resigned on 20 August 2019 over a coalition conflict with interior minister Matteo Salvini (LN).",,1596,
1529,Conte II,"PM Conte was appointed on 5 September 2019 and cabinet won confidence votes on 9/10 September (yes: 343, no: 263, abstain: 3 [lower house]; yes: 169, no: 133 [upper house]).",Italy Alive (Italia Viva) with 25 seats from PD since 17 September 2019. No new cabinet coded for party change and ministers remaining in office.,1596,
954,Cook,Cabinet ended on 5 September 1914 with the dissolutions of the Parliament and Senate.,,1596,
1222,Cooreman,,,1596,
1376,Cosgrave I,,,1596,
1368,Cosgrave II,,,1596,
1369,Cosgrave III,,,1596,
1370,Cosgrave IV,,,1596,
301,Cosgrave L,,,1596,
553,Cossiga I,,,1596,
82,Cossiga II,,,1596,
1140,Costa I,"Cabinet was appointed on 26 November 2015.
Minority cabinet supported by Bloc of the Left (BE) and Unified Democratic Coalition (CDU).
Cabinet ended with election on 6 October 2019.",,1596,
1536,Costa II,"Cabinet was appointed on 26 October 2019.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 30 January 2022.",,1596,
1594,Costa III,Cabinet was appointed on 30 March 2022.,,1596,
148,Costello I,,,1596,
599,Costello II,,,1596,
166,Cowen,"PM Cowen won an investiture vote (yes: 88, no: 76) on 7 May 2008.
Cabinet ended on 23 January 2011 when the Green party withdrew.",There is a change in party composition when the PD was formally dissolved on 20 November 2009. Not coded as cabinet change since the PD minister remains in office as an independent.,1596,
320,Craxi I,,,1596,
280,Craxi II,,,1596,
219,Cresson,,,1596,
1491,Cuno,"Cabinet took office on 22 November 1922.
Cabinet resigned on 11 August 1923 to forestall a vote of no confidence by the SPD.",,1596,
945,Curtin I,,,1596,
944,Curtin II,Cabinet ended on 5 July 1945 with death of PM Curtin.,,1596,
205,D'Alema I,"PM D'Alema and his cabinet were appointed on 21 October 1998 and won a confidence vote in parliament (yes: 333, no: 281 [lower house]) on 23 October and in the Senate (yes: 188, no: 116 [upper house]) on 27 October.
He resigned on 18 December 1999 after Republicans (UDR) and Socialists (SDI) called for his resignation.",,1596,
497,D'Alema II,"PM D'Alema and his cabinet were appointed on 22 December 1999. The cabinet won a confidence vote in the Senate (yes: 177, no: 100 [upper house]) on the same day and in parliament (yes: 310, no: 287 [lower house]) the day after.
D'Alema offered to resign on 17 April 2000 after losses of centre-left parties in regional elections and resigned two days later.",,1596,
1274,Daladier I ,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 241, no: 329) over finance policy. ",,1596,
1271,Daladier II ,,,1596,
1243,Daladier III,,,1596,
1242,Daladier IV,,,1596,
1241,Daladier V,,,1596,
1453,Dancila I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 282) on 29 January 2018.
Cabinet ended on 26 August 2019 after the withdrawal of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) over cabinet internal differences.
Cabinet lost a vote of no confidence (yes: 238, no: 4) on 10 October 2019.","coded as one cabinet according to ParlGov's ""three month rule""",1596,
1085,Davutoglu I,"PM Davutoğlu was appointed on 28 August 2014 and cabinet was appointed the following day. The cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 306, no: 133) on 6 September. 
Cabinet resigned on 9 June 2015 following the election on 7 June.",,1596,
1115,Davutoglu II,"Caretaker cabinet under PM Davutoglu was appointed on 28 August 2015.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 November.",,1596,
1137,Davutoglu III,"Cabinet was appointed on 24 November 2015 and won an investiture vote (yes: 315, no: 194) on 30 November. ",,1596,
1225,De Broquevile I ,,,1596,
1224,De Broquevile II ,,,1596,
1223,De Broquevile III,,,1596,
1212,De Broquevile IV,,,1596,
1563,De Croo,"Cabinet was appointed on 1 October 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 87, no: 54, abstain: 7) on 3 October.",,1596,
397,De Gasperi I,,,1596,
500,De Gasperi II,,,1596,
476,De Gasperi III,,,1596,
649,De Gasperi IV,,,1596,
118,De Gasperi V,,,1596,
572,De Gasperi VI,,,1596,
578,De Gasperi VII,,,1596,
1134,De Geer,,,1596,
1201,De Geer I ,,,1596,
1196,De Geer II,,,1596,
165,De Jong,,,1596,
775,De Mita,,,1596,
665,De Quay,,,1596,
1311,De Smet de Naeyer I,,,1596,
1313,De Smet de Naeyer II,,,1596,
1312,De Smet de Naeyer III,,,1596,
1310,De Trooz,,,1596,
947,Deakin I,,,1596,
950,Deakin II,Cabinet ended on 6 November 1908 when the Labor Party withdrew its support from the government. ,,1596,
952,Deakin III,,,1596,
663,Debré,,One minister appointed by African Democratic Rally (RDA).,1596,
597,Dehaene I,,,1596,
90,Dehaene II,,,1596,
1221,Delacroix I ,,,1596,
1220,Delacroix II,,,1596,
1040,Demirel,,,1596,
735,Den Uyl I,Cabinet resigned on 22 March 1978 following a conflict over land sales and Christian Democratic  (KVP/ARP) withdrawal from cabinet.,,1596,
310,Den Uyl II,,Election date (25 June 1977) set as start date because caretaker cabinet remains in office for more than three months after election but elections took place within three months after resignation (22 March 1977).,1596,
1302,Deuntzer I,,,1596,
1303,Deuntzer II,,,1596,
937,Di Rupo,"Cabinet was appointed on 6 December 2011 and won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 54) on 12 December.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 May 2014 and resigned the next day.",Cabinet formed more than 500 days after election.,1596,
1082,Di Rupo II,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after the election on 25 May 2014.,,1596,
236,Diefenbaker I,,Diefenbaker dissolved parliament on 2 February 1958 to gain new mandate,1596,
668,Diefenbaker II,,,1596,
592,Diefenbaker III,,,1596,
333,Dimitrov,"PM Dimitrov was appointed on 5 November 1991 and the cabinet was approved (yes: 128, no: 90) three days later.
Cabinet resigned on 28 December 1992 after losing a confidence vote (yes:120, no: 111).
",,1596,
366,Dini I,"A technocratic cabinet under PM Dine was appointed on 17 January 1995 and won a confidence vote in parliament (yes: 302, no: 39, abstain: 270 [lower house]) on 25 January and in the Senate (yes: 191, no: 17, abstain: 2 [upper house]) on 1 February.
Cabinet had no stable majority support. In October 1995 (facing a confidence motion) Dini promised to resign by the end of the year after passing the 1996 budget. 
Dini offered his resignation on 30 December 1995 (rejected by President Scalfaro) and resigned on 11 January 1996.",,1596,
941,Dini II,Caretaker cabinet following the resignation of PM Dini on 11 January 1996.,,1596,
1480,Dollfuß,"Cabinet was appointed on 20 May 1932.
Cabinet ended on 21 September 1933.",,1596,
455,Dombrovskis I,Cabinet ended on 17 March 2010 when People's Party withdraws from the coalition.,,1596,
494,Dombrovskis II,Minority cabinet was supported by Latvia's First Party (LPP).,,1596,
843,Dombrovskis III,"PM Dombrovskis was nominated on 2 November 2010 and his cabinet was confirmed in parliament (yes: 63, no: 35, absent: 2) the day after.
Cabinet ended with a snap election on 17 September 2011.",,1596,
921,Dombrovskis IV,"PM Dombrovskis and his cabinet were confirmed in parliament (yes: 57, no: 38, abstain: 3) on 25 October 2011.
Zatlers' Reform Party (ZRP) won 22 seats but 6 MPs formed an independent party group that supported the government. The independent group signed an agreement that includes the joint responsibility for the Transport Ministry.
PM Dombrovskis resigned on 27 November 2013 after the collapse of a Riga supermarket roof.",,1596,
1601,Donev,Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 1 August 2022.,,1596,
60,Douglas-Home,,,1596,
1334,Doumergue I,,,1596,
1270,Doumergue II,,,1596,
1590,Draghi I,"PM Draghi was appointed on 13 February 2021 and cabinet won confidence votes on 17/18 February (yes: 535, no: 56, abstain: 5 [lower house]; yes: 262, no: 40, abstain: 2 [upper house]).
PM Draghi resigned on 21 July 2022 after LN and FI refused to participate in a confidence vote.
",,1596,
1604,Draghi II,"Cabinet continued on 21 July 2022 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 September 2022.",,1596,
123,Drees I,,Cabinet fell after VVD ministers resigned following a VVD vote supporting a motion of no-confidence that had no majority in parliament.,1596,
231,Drees II,,,1596,
351,Drees III,"Drees submitted a resignation request on 17 Mai 1955 after losing a confidence vote (yes:48, no: 50) over housing subsidies. He withdrew the resignation request on 3 June.",,1596,
731,Drees IV,,,1596,
9,Drnovsek I,"PM Drnovšek won a confidence vote (yes: 126; total: 208) on 22 April 1992 and presented his cabinet on 4 May.
Cabinet ended with elections on 6 December 1992.",majority support through DS seats,1596,
534,Drnovsek II,"PM Drnovšek won a confidence vote (yes: 48) on 12 January 1993 and presented his cabinet on 25 January.
Cabinet ended on 8 April 1994 when the Social Democrats (SDS) withdrew.",,1596,
139,Drnovsek III,"Continuation cabinet started on 8 April 1994 with a change in party composition of the previous cabinet.
It ended on 26 January 1996 when the Social Democrats (ZLSD) withdrew.",,1596,
537,Drnovsek IV,Continuation cabinet started on 26 January 1996 with a change in party composition of the previous cabinet and ends with regular elections on 10 November 1996.,,1596,
617,Drnovsek V,PM Drnovsek lost a confidence vote on 8 April 2000 after Slovenian People's Party (SLS) ministers announced to withdraw from the coalition.,,1596,
480,Drnovsek VI,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 66 no: 20, abstain: 4) on 30 November 2000.",,1596,
1385,Dupong I,,,1596,
325,Dupong II,,,1596,
167,Dupong III,Cabinet resigned on 13 February 1947.,,1596,
377,Dupong IV,,,1596,
765,Dupong V,,,1596,
345,Dupong VI,,,1596,
1383,Dupong-Krier I,,,1596,
1384,Dupong-Krier II,,,1596,
666,Duvieusart,,,1596,
670,Dzurinda I,"PM Dzurinda was appointed on 30 October 1998. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 88; no: 50) on 2 December.
Cabinet ended with election on 21 September 2002.",,1596,
522,Dzurinda II,"Cabinet lost majority support on 8 December 2003 following the formation of a breakaway group by coalition party MPs.
Cabinet ended on 6 February 2006 after Christian Democrats (KDH) withdrew and PM Dzurinda announced early elections a day later. ",,1596,
178,Dzurinda III,Caretaker cabinet remained in office after calling early elections on 7 February 2006.,Replacement of KDK ministers on 8 February 2006 used as starting date (see EJPR-PDY).,1596,
1049,Ecevit I,Caretaker cabinet under PM Ecevit was appointed on 11 January 1999.,,1596,
1050,Ecevit II,,,1596,
1136,Eden,,,1596,
699,Eden I,,,1596,
177,Eden II,,,1596,
1356,Eggerz I,,,1596,
1357,Eggerz II,,,1596,
1128,Ekman I,,,1596,
1126,Ekman II,,,1596,
147,Emsis,,,1596,
1477,Ender,"Cabinet was appointed on 4 December 1930.
Cabinet ended on 16 June 1931 and stayed in office until 20 June 1931 as a caretaker government.",,1596,
1426,English,"PM English was appointed on 12 December 2016.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 September 2017.",,1596,
1047,Erbakan,"PM Erbakan resigned on 18 June 1997 following a conflict with the military over secularism (""soft coup"").",,1596,
1027,Erdogan I,"Cabinet was appointed on 14 March 2003.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 July 2007 and resigned on 29 August 2007.",,1596,
1026,Erdogan II,"Cabinet was appointed on 29 August 2007.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 June 2011 and resigned on 6 July 2011.
",,1596,
1025,Erdogan III,"Cabinet was appointed on 6 July 2011.
Cabinet ended on 28 August 2014 after PM Erdogan was elected as president.",,1596,
1559,Erdogan IV,"President Erdoğan was appointed on 9 July 2018 after winning the presidential election. He is the first president governing Turkey after a constitutional referendum.
Cabinet was supported by MHP and BBP.",,1596,
29,Erhard I,,,1596,
312,Erhard II,CDU executive committee nominated new candidates to succeed chancellor Erhard on 8 November 1966 and he lost an informal confidence vote ('Vertrauensfrage-Ersuchen') on the same day.,,1596,
1159,Erich,,,1596,
34,Eriksen I,Cabinet ended with elections on 21 April 1953 and resigned a day after the election.,,1596,
344,Eriksen II,"PM Eriksen informed King Frederik IX in early May 1953 that his government would continue with minority support from Radical Liberals (RV) and Justice Party (RF).
Cabinet ended with election on 22 September 1953 and resigned on 29 September.",,1596,
601,Erlander I,PM Erlander was appointed on 11 October 1946 and cabinet ended with elections on 19 November 1948.,,1596,
426,Erlander II,Cabinet remained in office after elections on 19 November 1948 and ended with a change in party composition on 1 October 1951.,,1596,
346,Erlander III,Continuation cabinet started on 1 October 1951 when Agrarian (B) ministers were appointed and ended with elections on 21 September 1952.,,1596,
749,Erlander IV,Cabinet remained in office after elections on  21 September 1952 and ended with elections on 26 September 1956.,,1596,
481,Erlander IX,,,1596,
198,Erlander V,"Cabinet remained in office after elections on 26 September 1956.
Cabinet resigned on 26 October 1957 following the withdrawal of the Farmers' League (B) four days earlier.",,1596,
364,Erlander VI,"Cabinet was appointed on 31 October 1957.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 111, no: 117) on 25 April 1958 over a pension bill and dissolved parliament three days later.",,1596,
199,Erlander VII,,,1596,
405,Erlander VIII,,,1596,
787,Erlander X,,,1596,
894,Eshkol I,"Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
895,Eshkol II,"Minority cabinet was supported by Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].",,1596,
896,Eshkol III,"Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 5 June 1967 with a change in party composition.",,1596,
897,Eshkol IV,"Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet continued on 5 June 1967 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 26 February 1969 with death of PM Eshkol.",,1596,
716,Eyskens G I,Cabinet resigned on 18 March 1950 after Liberal Party (LP-PL) withdrew from coalition.,,1596,
107,Eyskens G II,,,1596,
138,Eyskens G III,,,1596,
561,Eyskens G IV,,,1596,
429,Eyskens G V,,,1596,
410,Eyskens M,,,1596,
807,Fabius,,,1596,
973,Fadden,"Cabinet ended on 3 October 1943 with the resignation of PM Fadden after two Independents withdrew their support from the government and the cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 33, no: 36) the same day. ",,1596,
75,Fagerholm I,,,1596,
357,Fagerholm II,Fagerholm lost party support and was defeated on 24 April 1957 by a single vote in an election for the party presidency of the SSDP.,,1596,
527,Fagerholm III,Cabinet resigned on 4 December 1958 after Agrarians left the coalition.,,1596,
132,Falldin I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 174, no: 160, abstain: 0). 
Cabinet resigned on 5 October in disagreement over nuclear energy policy.",,1596,
16,Falldin II,"Parliament passed an investiture vote (yes: 170, no: 174, abstain: 1) on 11 October 1979 with no absolute majority against the cabinet.
PM Fälldin and Foreign Minister Ullsten, head of the Liberals (FP), resigned on 8 May 1981 following the withdrawal of the Moderate Party (MSP) from the coalition four days earlier.",Negative parliamentarism (Bergmann 1993: 297).,1596,
136,Falldin III,"Parliament passed an investiture vote (yes: 102, no: 174, abstain: 62) on 22 Mai 1981 with no absolute majority against the cabinet.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 September 1982.",Negative parliamentarism (Bergmann 1993: 297). ,1596,
86,Fanfani I,,,1596,
841,Fanfani II,,,1596,
776,Fanfani III,,,1596,
332,Fanfani IV,,,1596,
83,Fanfani V,,,1596,
707,Fanfani VI,"Fanfani was appointed on 17 April 1987 and resigned on 28 April after losing a a confidence vote (yes: 131, no: 240, abstain: 193).",,1596,
30,Faure I,,"Party ""Payson"" could not be identified. ",1596,
379,Faure II,,"Party ""Payson"" could not be identified. ",1596,
255,Faymann I,"Cabinet was appointed on 2 December 2008.
Cabinet ended with election on 29 September 2013.",,1596,
1020,Faymann II,"Cabinet was appointed on 16 December 2013.
PM Faymann resigned on 9 May 2016 after losing the support of his party.",,1596,
1486,Fehrenbach,"Cabinet took office on 26 June 1920.
Fehrenbach resigned on 4 May 1921, since there was no agreement on dealing with reparations payments, and the DVP withdrew its support of the government.",,1596,
3,Fenech Adami I,,,1596,
842,Fenech Adami II,,,1596,
557,Fenech Adami III,,,1596,
154,Fenech Adami IV,,,1596,
1573,Fiala,"Cabinet was appointed on 17 December 2021.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 106, no: 87, absent: 7) on 13 January 2022.
",,1596,
256,Fico I,,,1596,
977,Fico II,"PM Fico and the cabinet were appointed on 4 April 2012. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 53, abstain: 8) on 15 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 March 2016.",,1596,
1410,Fico III,"PM Fico and the cabinet were appointed on 23 March 2016. Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 79, no: 61) on 26 April.
Cabinet ended on 16 August 2016 when Network (Sieť)  withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
1418,Fico IV,"Cabinet continued on 1 September 2016 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended on 15 March 2018 when PM Robert Fico resigned after mass protests.",,1596,
823,Fieandt,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 50, no: 143) on 18 April 1958 over food subsidies and resigned.",,1596,
128,Figl I,"PM Figl was appointed on 4 December and the cabinet on 20 December.
Cabinet ended on 20 November 1947 when the Communist Party (KPO) withdrew from the coalition.
",,1596,
845,Figl II,"Cabinet continued on 20 November 1947 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 October 1949 and resigned two days later.",,1596,
743,Figl III,"Cabinet was appointed on 8 November 1949.
Cabinet resigned on 22 October 1952 and called an early election after disagreement over the 1953 budget.",,1596,
535,Figl IV,"Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 28 October 1952 after the previous cabinet fell. 
Cabinet ended with an early election on 22 February 1953 and resigned three days later.",,1596,
773,Fillon I,Cabinet formally resigned on 18 June 2007 following parliamentary elections and PM Fillon was re-appointed the same day.,,1596,
293,Fillon II,PM Fillion was re-appointed by President Sarkozy on 18 June 2007 and the cabinet was appointment a day later.,,1596,
844,Fillon III,"A reshuffled cabinet under Fillon was appointed on 14 November 2010.
The government lost its Senate majority in elections on 25 September 2011. 
Cabinet resigned on 10 May 2012 after presidential elections.",,1596,
151,Fischer,"Interim PM Fischer was appointed on 9 April 2009 and the caretaker cabinet on 8 May. He was nominated by Civic Democratics (ODS), Social Democrats (CSSD), Greens (SZ) and won an investiture vote on 7 June (yes: 156).
Cabinet ended with election on 29 May 2010 and resigned on 25 June.",,1596,
951,Fisher I,"Cabinet ended on 27 May 1909 when PM Fisher resigned after he lost a confidence vote (yes: 30, no: 39).",,1596,
953,Fisher II,,,1596,
955,Fisher III,"Cabinet ended on 27 October 1915 with the resignation of PM Fisher.
",,1596,
321,Fitzgerald I,,,1596,
828,Fitzgerald II,,,1596,
1269,Flandin,,,1596,
1254,Forbes I,,,1596,
1258,Forbes II,,,1596,
605,Forde,Caretaker cabinet under PM Forde took office after the death of PM Curtin until the United Australia Party (UAP) elected a new leader.,,1596,
444,Forlani,,,1596,
1290,Francois-Marsal,,,1596,
690,Fraser I,"Caretaker cabinet was formed on 11 November 1975 after the dismissal of PM Whitlam and the dissolution of both houses of paliament.
Cabinet ended with election on 13 December 1975.",,1596,
1256,Fraser I,,,1596,
800,Fraser II,"Cabinet was formed on 22 December 1975.
Cabinet ended with elections on 18 October 1980.",,1596,
402,Fraser III,,,1596,
742,Fraser IV,Cabinet ended on 3 February 1983 after PM Fraser obtained a dissolution of the Parliament and Senate.,,1596,
986,Frazer II,,,1596,
452,Frazer III,,,1596,
1524,Frederiksen I,"PM Frederiksen was appointed on 27 June 2019.
Minority cabinet was supported by Danish Social Liberal Party (RV), Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and Red-Green Alliance (En-O).
PM Frederiksen called an early election on 5 October 2022 after Danish Social Liberal Party (RV) threatened with a no-confidence vote. 
Cabinet ended with early election on 1 November 2022.",,1596,
1607,Frederiksen II,PM Frederiksen was appointed on 15 December 2022.,,1596,
519,Frieden,"PM Frieden was appointed on 31 March 1958.
Cabinet resigned on 10 December 1958 after the LSAP left the coalition.",,1596,
1408,Friis,"Cabinet appointed on 5 April 1920.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 April 1920.",,1596,
323,Fukuda T,,,1596,
129,Fukuda Y,,,1596,
192,Gailis,,,1596,
439,Gaillard,,One minister appointed by African Democratic Rally (RDA).,1596,
1428,Gentiloni,"PM Gentiloni was appointed on 12 December 2016 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 13 December (yes: 368, no: 105 [lower house]; yes: 169, no: 99 [upper house]).
Cabinet ended with election on 4 March 2018.
",,1596,
1430,Gerdzhikov,"Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 25 January 2017. 
Cabinet ended with the appointment of PM Borisov and his cabinet on 4 May 2017.",President of caretaker cabinet Rumen Radev is independent. ,1596,
639,Gerhardsen I,"Provisional post-war cabinet formed on 25 June 1945.
Cabinet handed in resignation on 1 November 1945 and formally resigned on 5 November.",,1596,
55,Gerhardsen II,,,1596,
696,Gerhardsen III,,,1596,
212,Gerhardsen IV,,,1596,
58,Gerhardsen V,,,1596,
93,Gerhardsen VI,Gerhardsen lost a confidence vote (yes: 74 no: 76) on 23 August 1963 and the cabinet resigned on 28 August.,,1596,
485,Gerhardsen VII,,,1596,
706,Gillard I,"PM Gillard was appointed on 24 June 2010 following PM Rudds resignation.
Cabinet ended with an election on 17 July 2010 initiated by PM Gillard.",,1596,
103,Gillard II,"PM Gillard formed a minority cabinet on 7 September 2010 after having found the support of four independent and one Green MP.
Cabinet was appointed on 14 September. 
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Gillard on 26 June 2013 after a leadership vote within the Labor Party (ALP).",,1596,
570,Godmanis I,,,1596,
40,Godmanis II,,"The international financial crisis caused major political turmoil in Latvia. Godmanis survived a confidence vote (yes: 51, no: 40) on 3 February 2009. However, following coalition internal conflicts the People's Party as well as the Green and Farmers' Union demanded the resignation of the prime minister and he stepped down on 20 February 2009.",1596,
1597,Golob,"PM won an investiture vote on 26 May 2022 (yes: 54, no: 30).
Cabinet was appointed and won an investiture vote (yes: 53, no: 28) on 01 June 2022.",,1596,
1404,Goncalves,,,1596,
227,Gonzalez I,,,1596,
798,Gonzalez II,,,1596,
35,Gonzalez III,,"Socialist Party (PSOE) had a working majority because the four deputies from the Basque nationalist Herri Batasuna (HB) boycotted parliament (Hamann 1999, 121).",1596,
627,Gonzalez IV,"Minority cabinet supported by small regional parties, especially Convergence and Unity (CiU) (Hopkin 2005, 389),",,1596,
285,Gonzi I,,,1596,
448,Gonzi II,The cabinet lost its one-seat majority on 10 December 2012 when MP Debono (PN) voted against the budget bill. Cabinet ended with election on 9 March 2013.,,1596,
508,Gorbach I,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 April 1961.
On 12 July 1962, coalition parties agreed to call an early election to seek a fresh mandate before the beginning of negotiations with the European Economic Community.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 18 November 1962 and resigned two days later.",,1596,
851,Gorbach II,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 18 November 1962 until the coalition reformed on 27 March 1963.,Start date set to 18 November 1962 following three month coding rule.,1596,
595,Gorbach III,"Cabinet was appointed on 27 March 1963 after four months of deadlock in the formation process.
PM Gorbach declared to resign on 20 February 1964 following disputes within the Austrian People's Party (OVP) and handed in his resignation four days later. The cabinet resigned on 2 April.",On 25 February 1964 President Schärf lanced a discussion of whether the resignation of a PM would also require the resignation of the whole cabinet.,1596,
726,Goria,,,1596,
1,Gorton I,Cabinet ended on 28 February 1968 with the resignation of PM Gorton.,,1596,
762,Gorton II,,,1596,
974,Gorton III,Cabinet ended on 10 March 1971 after PM Gorton resigned following a tied confidence motion for Gorton in the Liberal Party (LPA).,,1596,
621,Gouin,,,1596,
1440,Grindeanu,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 295, no: 133) on 4 January 2017.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 241, no: 7) on 21 June 2017 after Social Democrats (PSD) withdrew support for PM Grindeanu.
",,1596,
691,Grivas,Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 11 October 1989.,,1596,
511,Groendal,"Cabinet formed only to call an early election (Indridason 2005, 461).",,1596,
555,Gross,"PM Gross and the cabinet were appointed on 4 August. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 24 August (yes: 101; no: 99).
Christian Democrats left cabinet on 30 March 2005. Two days later, Gross survived a confidence vote (yes: 76 , no: 78, abstain: 44) with tactic support from the Communists in form of abstaining to vote (KSCM) but resigned on 25 April.","EJPR (2005, p. 985) gives 21 seats for KDU-CSL and 10 seats for US-DEU.",1596,
1028,Gul,PM Gul was appointed on 16 November 2002 and the cabinet two days later.,,1596,
1009,Gunnlaugsson,"Cabinet took office on 23 Mai 2013.
PM Gunnlaugsson resigned on 6 April 2016 over financial irregularities.",,1596,
558,Gusenbauer,"Cabinet was appointed on 8 January 2007.
Cabinet ended on 7 July 2008 after the Conservatives (OVP) withdrew from the coalition and formally resigned on 2 December.","No caretaker cabinet added, because election (28 September 2008) took place within three month after termination (7 July) and formal resignation (2 December) followed within three month after election.",1596,
252,Guterres I,,,1596,
5,Guterres II,,,1596,
180,Gyurcsany I,"PM Gyurcsany won an investiture vote (yes: 197, no: 12, abstain: 175) on 29 September 2004.
",,1596,
311,Gyurcsany II,,,1596,
677,Gyurcsany III,,,1596,
234,Haarde I,,,1596,
533,Haarde II,Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Haarde on 23 November 2009 after growing pressure for the government to resign over its handling of the economic crisis. ,,1596,
307,Hafstein,,,1596,
1316,Hagerup ,,,1596,
1247,Hall-Jones,,,1596,
813,Hallgrimsson,,,1596,
1179,Halvorsen I ,Cabinet lost a confidence vote over prohibition policy.,,1596,
1237,Halvorsen II,,,1596,
1306,Hammarskjold I,,,1596,
1308,Hammarskjold II,,,1596,
209,Hansen I,,,1596,
48,Hansen II,,,1596,
1125,Hansson I,,,1596,
1120,Hansson II,,,1596,
1121,Hansson III,,,1596,
1122,Hansson IV,,,1596,
1123,Hansson V,,,1596,
518,Hansson VI,PM Hansson died on 6 October 1946,,1596,
298,Harmel,,,1596,
585,Harper I,,,1596,
587,Harper II,"PM Harper won election on 14 October 2008 and presented his cabinet on 30 October.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 145, no: 156) on 25 March 2011 over budget plans. The following day, he asked to dissolve the parliament.",,1596,
880,Harper III,"Harper won in a snap election on 2 May 2011 and presented his cabinet on 18 May.
Cabinet ended with election on 19 October 2015.",,1596,
714,Hartling,"Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Christian People's Party (KrF), Conservatives (KF) and Danish Social-Liberal Party (RV).","""The Premier-designate said at a news conference that his discussions with members of four parties -- Conservative, Social Liberal, Christian and Center Democrat -- assured him that they would not oppose a Liberal minority government."" (NYT 1973-12-18)",1596,
766,Hashimoto I,,,1596,
355,Hashimoto II,"PM Hashimoto was elected on 7 November 1996 (yes: 262).
Cabinet announced resignation on 13 July 1998, effective 30 July, following defeat in upper house elections.",,1596,
413,Hata,Sakigake stayed in coalition without a ministerial position.,,1596,
859,Hatoyama I I,"PM Hatoyama was elected on 9 December 1954 (yes: 257 [lower house]; yes: 116 [upper house]) following the resignation of PM Yoshida. He promised to dissolve parliament and to hold an election by spring. 
Cabinet ends with the dissolution of parliament on 24 January 1955.",,1596,
860,Hatoyama I II,"PM Hatoyama was elected on 18 March 1955  (yes: 254 [lower house]) and cabinet came into office on 26 March.
Cabinets resigned on 21 November 1955 and later reformed following the merger of Liberal and Democratic parties.",,1596,
861,Hatoyama I III,"PM Hatoyama was elected on 22 November 1955 (yes: 288 [lower house], yes: 149 [upper house]) and the cabinet appointed the same day.
Cabinet resigned on 20 December 1956 because of Hatoyama's failing health.",,1596,
358,Hatoyama Y,"Conflict over a US military base on Okinawa led to the fall of the cabinet and PM Hatoyama resigned on 2 June 2010. Previously, the SDP quit the coalition on 30 May 2010.",,1596,
423,Haughey I,,,1596,
51,Haughey II,,,1596,
74,Haughey III,,,1596,
206,Haughey IV,"PM Haughey won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 79, abstain: 2) on 12 July 1989.
",,1596,
551,Hawke I,,,1596,
383,Hawke II,,,1596,
836,Hawke III,,,1596,
149,Hawke IV,,,1596,
207,Heath,PM Heath called an early election on 7 February 1974 following miners industrial unrest.,,1596,
389,Hedtoft I,Cabinet resigned on 9 August 1950 following opposition refusal to approve import controls.,,1596,
816,Hedtoft II,"Cabinet lost a vote over butter rationing (yes: 68, no: 69) on 25 November 1950 and resigned a day later.",,1596,
840,Hedtoft III,,,1596,
1589,Heger I,"Cabinet was appointed on 1 April 2021 and won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 55, abstain: 0) on 4 May 2021.
Cabinet ended on 13 September 2022 after the withdrawal of the Freedom and Solidarity party (SaS) due to internal cabinet conflicts.","Matovic and Heger swapped postions. Heger became PM while Matovic became finance minister.
""The swap is aimed at quelling coalition disputes sparked by Matovic's surprise purchase of Russian coronavirus vaccine Sputnik V in March"" (Reuters).",1596,
1602,Heger II,Cabinet continued on 13 September 2022 after a change in party composition.,,1596,
375,Hermannsson I,,,1596,
288,Hermannsson II,Government took office on 28 September 1988 (AP).,,1596,
122,Hermannsson III,,,1596,
1289,Herriot I,,,1596,
1286,Herriot II ,"Cabinet lost an investiture vote (yes: 237, no: 290). ",,1596,
1276,Herriot III,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 187, no: 402). ",,1596,
1504,Hitler,"Cabinet took office on 31 January 1933.
All non-NSDAP members were later removed from the government.
With the Enabling Act of 24  March 1933, the government was able to pass laws without the Reichstag, which meant the end of the Weimar Republic.",,1596,
589,Holkeri I,,,1596,
39,Holkeri II,,,1596,
687,Holland I,"Holland called a snap elections on 11 July following dispute over a strike.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 1 September 1951.",,1596,
63,Holland II,,,1596,
391,Holland III,,,1596,
1299,Holstein-Ledreborg,,,1596,
248,Holt I,,,1596,
64,Holt II,Cabinet ended on 18 December 1967 after PM Holt presumed drowned in a swimming accident.,,1596,
602,Holyoake I,,,1596,
672,Holyoake II,,,1596,
641,Holyoake III,,,1596,
41,Holyoake IV,,,1596,
329,Holyoake V,,,1596,
464,Horn,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 265, no: 93, abstain: 12) on 15 July 1994.",,1596,
1238,Hornsrud,"Cabinet was appointed on 28 January 1928.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 63, no: 86) on 8 February and resigned a week later.",,1596,
398,Hosokawa,"PM Hosokawa was elected (yes: 262, total: 503 [lower house]; yes: 132, total: 240 [upper house]) and the cabinet was appointed three days later.",,1596,
372,Houtte,,,1596,
384,Howard I,,,1596,
404,Howard II,,,1596,
778,Howard III,,,1596,
224,Howard IV,,,1596,
956,Hughes I,,,1596,
957,Hughes II,Cabinet ended on 17 February 1917 when the National Labor and Liberal parliamentary group merged to the Nationalist Party.,,1596,
958,Hughes III,,,1596,
959,Hughes IV,Cabinet ended on 20 December 1917 with the resignation of PM Hughes after a referendum on conscription was defeated. ,,1596,
960,Hughes V,,,1596,
961,Hughes VI,Cabinet ended on 1 February 1923 with the resignation of PM Hughes after the Country Party refused any coalition including Hughes.,,1596,
1168,Hundseid,Cabinet lost a confidence vote over finance policy.,,1596,
515,Huysmans,,,1596,
229,Ikeda I,,,1596,
45,Ikeda II,,,1596,
622,Ikeda III,,,1596,
104,Indzhova,"Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 16 October 1994.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 18 December 1994.",,1596,
1162,Ingman,,,1596,
1153,Ingman II,,,1596,
164,Isarescu,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 305, no: 35) on 21 December 1999 in a joint sitting of parliament.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 November 2000.",,1596,
862,Ishibashi,"PM Ishibashi was elected on 20 December 1956 (yes: 291 [lower house]) and cabinet came into office four days later.
Ishibashi resigned on 23 February 1957 because of failing health.",,1596,
838,Jaatteenmaki,"PM Jaatteenmaki won an investiture vote (yes: 111, no 72) and cabinet was appointed on 17 April 2003.
PM Jaatteenmaki resigned on 18 June, effective 24 June, over the usage of confidential information.",,1596,
779,Jagland,"PM Jagland resigned on 13 October 1997 after failing to win votes in the 1997 election. Before the election, he declared to step down if his party would not get at least 36.9 percent of the vote, the 1993 DNA result.",,1596,
1450,Jakobsdottir I,"Cabinet was appointed on 30 November 2017.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 September 2021.",,1596,
1578,Jakobsdottir II,Cabinet continued on 28 November 2021 after election.,,1596,
388,Jansa I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 51, no: 37, abstain: 2) on 3 December 2004.",,1596,
940,Jansa II,"Parties signed a coalition agreement on 25 January 2012 and a support agreement with the two MPs representing the Hungarian and Italian minorities the day after.
PM Jansa won an investiture vote (yes: 51, no: 39) on 28 January and the cabinet (yes: 50, no: 10, abstain: 28) on 10 February.
Cabinet ended on 23 January 2013 when the Citizens' List (DL) withdrew from the coalition after PM Jansa refused to resign over corruption allegations. Pensioners' Party (DeSUS) withdrew on 22 February and People's Party (SLS) on 25 February. Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 33, no: 55) on 27 February 2013.",,1596,
1549,Jansa III,"PM Jansa was appointed on 3 March 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 31). Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 52, no: 31) on 13 March 2020.
Cabinet established a support agreement on 3 July 2020 with Slovenian National Party (SNP) and two independent MPs.
Cabinet ended on 17 December 2020 after DeSUS withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
1591,Jansa IV,"Cabinet continued on 18 December 2020 after a change in party composition and won a no-confidence vote (yes: 7, no: 40) on 15 February 2021.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 April 2022.",,1596,
1208,Janson,,,1596,
1216,Jasper ,,,1596,
1215,Jasper II ,,,1596,
1214,Jasper III,,,1596,
259,Johannesson I,"Cabinet ended when Liberal Left (Sfvm) withdrew from coalition over an anti-inflation bill.
PM Johannesson resigned on 2 July 1974.",,1596,
646,Johannesson II,Cabinet ended on 9 October when Social Democrats (A) withdrew in conflict over economic policies and cabinet resigned on 12 November.,,1596,
1409,Johannsson,"PM Johannsson was appointed on 7 April 2016 and called early election for the fall. The cabinet won a confidence vote (yes:37, no: 26) on 8 April.
Cabinet ended with early election on 29 October 2016.",,1596,
1525,Johnson I,"Cabinet was appointed on 24 July 2019 after the resignation of PM May. 
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). 
Cabinet ended with a snap election on 12 December 2019.",,1596,
1532,Johnson II,"Cabinet continued on 13 December 2019 a day after the election.
PM Johnson won a confidence vote (yes: 211, no: 148) on 6 June 2022.
PM Johnson resigned on 7 July 2022 after several resignations of cabinet members and remained in office until a new cabinet was formed on 6 September 2022.
",,1596,
1363,Jonasson I,,,1596,
1364,Jonasson II,,,1596,
1366,Jonasson III,,,1596,
1367,Jonasson IV,,,1596,
637,Jonasson V,"Cabinet was appointed on 24 July 1956.
Cabinet resigned on 4 December 1958 in disagreement over economic policy.",,1596,
427,Jonsson I,"Minority cabinet backed by Independence (Sj).
It ended with elections on 28 June 1958.",,1596,
336,Jonsson II,Caretaker cabinet ended with resignation of PM Jonsson on 19 November 1959 (NYT).,,1596,
306,Jorgensen I,"Minority cabinet was supported by Socialist Peoples Party (SF) and MPs from Greenland and Faroe Islands (GrFa).
Cabinet lost a tax vote (yes: 86, no: 86) on 9 November 1973, ended with an early election on 4 December and resigned on 5 December.",,1596,
47,Jorgensen II,"Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Danish Social-Liberal Party (RV), Conservatives (KF), Christian People's Party (KrF) ",,1596,
235,Jorgensen III,,,1596,
790,Jorgensen IV,,,1596,
363,Jorgensen V,"Minority cabinet was supported by Centre Democrats (CD), Christian People's Party (KrF) and Social-Liberal Party (RV).
Cabinet lost a vote over an economic reform bill (yes: 74, no: 78, abstain: 10) on 12 November 1981 and PM Jorgensen dissolved parliament (Parline, NYT). He resigned on 9 December following electoral defeat (NYT).",,1596,
262,Jorgensen VI,,,1596,
459,Jospin,PM Jospin was appointed on 2 June and the cabinet on 4 June 1997.,,1596,
594,Juncker I,,,1596,
187,Juncker II,,,1596,
12,Juncker III,,,1596,
576,Juncker IV,"Cabinet was appointed on 23 June 2009.
PM Juncker resigned on 11 July 2013 and early elections were called.",,1596,
1013,Juncker V,"Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after the resignation of PM Juncker  on 11 July 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 20 October 2013.",Three month rule: cabinet remains in office for more than three month after the resignation.,1596,
232,Juppe I,Cabinet resigned on 7 November 1995 without naming a reason. ,,1596,
403,Juppe II,PM Juppe resigned on 2 June 1997 following the parliamentary election. ,,1596,
341,Kaczynski,"Cabinet was appointed on 14 July 2006 and won an investiture vote (yes: 240, no: 205) on 19 July.
Coalition ended on 13 August 2007 when PM Kaczyński dismissed all Self-Defense (SRP) and League of Polish Families (LPR) ministers and called for early election. The cabinet resigned on 5 November following defeat in the election.",Coded as one cabinet because election takes place within three months (19 October) and new government forms within three month after election (16 November).,1596,
101,Kaifu I,,,1596,
204,Kaifu II,,,1596,
1587,Kallas K,"PM Kallas won an investiture vote (yes: 70, no: 30, abstain: 1) on 25 January 2021 and was appointed a day later.
Cabinet ended on 3 June 2022 when PM Kallas dismissed the coalition partner Estonian Centre Party (EK).",,1596,
146,Kallas S,,,1596,
1156,Kallio I ,,,1596,
1151,Kallio II,,,1596,
1147,Kallio III,,,1596,
1142,Kallio IV,,,1596,
218,Kalvitis I,,,1596,
510,Kalvitis II,,,1596,
653,Kalvitis III,,,1596,
447,Kampmann I,,,1596,
437,Kampmann II,"PM Kampmann formed the cabinet on 18 November 1960.
Minority cabinet was supported by Mikael Gaam from Greenland joining the cabinet as special minister.
PM Kampmann resigned on 31 August due to health issues.",,1596,
469,Kan,"PM Kan won an investiture vote (yes: 313, total: 477 [lower house]; yes: 123, total: 237 [upper house]) on 4 June 2010 and the cabinet was appointed four days later.
Cabinet lost its upper house majority in an election on 11 July 2010.
Cabinet resigned on 30 August following criticism after a tsunami in March and the crisis at a nuclear power plant.",,1596,
584,Karamanlis Kon I,,,1596,
827,Karamanlis Kon II,,,1596,
837,Karamanlis Kos I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 165, no: 135) on 23 March 2004.
",,1596,
556,Karamanlis Kos II,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 152, no: 148) on 1 October 2007.
Cabinet ended on 3 September 2009 when PM Karamanlis asked President Papoulias to dissolve parliament and to call a snap election.",,1596,
1518,Karins I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 61, no: 39) on 23 January 2019.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 October 2022.",,1596,
1608,Karins II,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 54, no: 37) on 14 December 2022.",,1596,
734,Karjalainen I,"Cabinet under PM Karjalainen was appointed on 13 April 1962 and resigned on 30 August 1963 in a dispute over farmer compensations. The cabinet reformed without the Social Democrats (TPSL) on 1 November and resigned in conflict over the 1964 budget on 17 December, announced three days before (NYT).",Cabinet changes on 31 August 1963 (cabinet resignation) and on 18 October (party change). Coded as one cabinet because none of the changes lasts for more than three months.,1596,
110,Karjalainen II,"Cabinet was appointed on 15 July 1970
Cabinet requested to resign on 17 March 1971 after internal divisions and it was reshuffled on 26 March.",,1596,
819,Karjalainen III,"Cabinet continued on 26 March 1971 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 29 October 1971 over disputes on agricultural prices.",,1596,
879,Katainen I,"PM Katainen won an investiture vote (yes: 118, no: 72) and cabinet was appointed on 22 June 2011.
Cabinet ended on 25 March 2014 when the Left Alliance (VAS) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
1043,Katainen II,"Cabinet continued on 25 March 2014 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet resigned on 16 June 2014 after PM Katainen withdrew.",Cabinet continued in office for less than three month but is included because PM Katainen resignation is not related to termination of previous cabinet. Hence these are two events with independent cabinet formations.,1596,
853,Katayama,"PM Katayama was elected on 23 May 1947 (yes: 420  [lower house]; yes: 205 [upper house]) and the cabinet came into office on 1 June.
Cabinet resigned on 10 February 1948.",,1596,
695,Keating I,,,1596,
46,Keating II,,,1596,
833,Kekkonen I,,,1596,
612,Kekkonen II,,,1596,
191,Kekkonen III,,,1596,
222,Kekkonen IV,PM Kekkonen resigned on 4 November after losing a vote of confidence on a state grant for housing.,,1596,
657,Kekkonen V,,,1596,
865,Kenny I,"PM Kenny was elected in parliament on 9 March 2011 and presented his cabinet the same day.
PM Kenny won an investiture vote (yes: 117, no: 27) on 9 March 2011.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 February 2016.",,1596,
1411,Kenny II,"PM Kenny won an investiture vote (yes: 59, no: 49) on 6 May 2016.
Cabinet ended on 14 June 2017 after PM Kenny resigned.",,1596,
1412,Kern,"Cabinet was appointed on 17 May 2016.
Cabinet ended with election on  15 October 2017.",,1596,
238,Key I,"confidence and supply agreements with ACT New Zealand, Māori Party and United Future",,1596,
936,Key II,"Cabinet was appointed on 14 December 2011.
Minority cabinet was supported by confidence and supply agreements with ACT New Zealand, United New Zealand (signed on 5 Dec.) and the Maori Party (signed on 11 Dec.).",,1596,
1093,Key III,"Cabinet was appointed on 8 October 2014. 
Minority cabinet was supported through confidence and supply agreements with ACT New Zealand, United Future New Zealand and the Maori Party.
PM Key announced his resignation on 5 December 2016 (effective on 12 Dec.) for personal reasons.",,1596,
163,Kiesinger,,,1596,
1110,King I,,,1596,
1109,King II,,,1596,
1107,King III,,,1596,
1106,King IV,,,1596,
583,King V,,,1596,
92,Kirk,,,1596,
554,Kirkilas I,"PM Kirkilas won an investiture vote (yes: 86, no: 13, abstain: 5) on 4 July 2006 and cabinet (yes: 58, no: 49, abstain: 2) on 18 July.
Minority cabinet supported by Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD).
Cabinet ended with election on 12 October 2008.",,1596,
848,Kishi I,"PM Kishi was elected on 25 February 1957 (yes: 276 [lower house]; yes: 147 [upper house]). 
Kishi dissolved parliament on 25 April 1958.",,1596,
748,Kishi II,"PM Kishi was elected on 12 June 1958 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
On 16 June 1960, Kishi announced his intention to resign after a controversial security treaty (US/Japan) came into force and cabinet resigned on 16 July",,1596,
1571,Kishida I,"PM Kishida won an investiture vote (yes: 311, total: 458 [lower house]; yes: 141, total: 241 [upper house]) on 04 October 2021 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 November 2021.",,1596,
1570,Kishida II,"PM Kishida won an investiture vote (yes: 297, total: 465 [lower house]; yes: 141, total: 245 [upper house]) on 10 November 2021.
",,1596,
1144,Kivimäki I,,,1596,
1143,Kivimäki II,,,1596,
367,Kiviniemi,"PM Kiviniemi won an investiture vote (yes: 115, no: 56, abstain: 4, absent: 24) on 22 June 2010.
Cabinet  ended with regular election on 18 March 2011 and PM Kiviniemi handed in her resignation on 28 April.",,1596,
159,Klaus I,"PM Klaus was appointed on 2 July 1992 heading the Czech regional government.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 106, no: 94, abstain: 0). 
Cabinet ended on 31 December 1993 with the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.",,1596,
461,Klaus I,"Cabinet was appointed on 2 April 1964.
Cabinet resigned on 23 October 1965 and coalition parties agreed to call an early election after disagreement over the 1966 budget.",,1596,
799,Klaus II,"Cabinet continued after the formal establishment of the Czech Republic on 1 January 1993. 
Cabinet ended on 2 April 1996 with a change in party composition after the Christian Democratic Party's (KDS) joined the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).",Election takes place within three months after the change in party composition. No new cabinet coded.,1596,
985,Klaus II,"Caretaker cabinet was appointed on 25 October 1965.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 6 March 1966.",,1596,
131,Klaus III,"PM Klaus was appointed on 2 July 1996 and the cabinet a day after. The cabinet won an investiture vote on 25 July (yes: 98, no: 40) through absent votes by the Social Democrats (CSSD). 
Two smaller coalition parties (KDU/CSL and ODA) withdrew from cabinet on 28/29 November 1997 and cabinet resigned on 30 November.",,1596,
536,Klaus III,"Cabinet was appointed on 19 April 1966.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 March 1970 and resigned two days later.",,1596,
393,Klima I,"Cabinet was appointed on 28 January 1997.
Cabinet ended with election on 3 October 1999 and resigned two days later.",,1596,
984,Klima II,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 3 October 1999 until the new cabinet was formed on 4 February 2000.,Start date set to 3 October 1999 (election date) following three month coding rule.,1596,
1319,Knudsen I,,,1596,
1323,Knudsen II,,,1596,
1182,Knudsen III,,,1596,
1181,Knudsen IV,,,1596,
1180,Knudsen V,Cabinet lost a confidence vote over budget plans.,,1596,
615,Kohl I,"Cabinet won a constructive vote of no confidence on 1 October 1982 against Schmidt III cabinet.
PM Kohl initiated a confidence vote (yes: 8, no: 218, abstain: 248) on 17 December 1982 and most coalition MPs abstained from voting, to dissolve parliament and call a snap election.",see confidence vote coded for Schmidt III.,1596,
331,Kohl II,,,1596,
273,Kohl III,,,1596,
824,Kohl IV,,,1596,
746,Kohl V,,,1596,
194,Koivisto I,,,1596,
744,Koivisto II,Koivisto was elected as president resulting in a cabinet reshuffle.,,1596,
804,Koizumi I,,,1596,
740,Koizumi II,"PM Koizumi was elected (yes: 281 [lower house]; yes: 136, total: 240 [upper house]) on 19 August 2003 and the cabinet was appointed the same day.",,1596,
814,Koizumi III,,,1596,
610,Kok I,Cabinet ended with election on 6 May 1998.,,1596,
719,Kok II,Cabinet resigned on 16 April 2002 over a report on the 1995 Srebrenica massacre in Bosnia.,"Coded as one cabinet because none of the cabinet changes lasts for more than three months.
Cabinet requested to resign on 19 May 1999 over a constitutional reform bill and withdrew its resignation request on 8 June.
",1596,
1169,Kolstad,,,1596,
1320,Konow,,,1596,
1088,Kopacz,"Cabinet was appointed on 22 September 2014 and won an investiture vote (yes: 259, no: 183, abstain: 7) on 1 October.
Cabinet ended with election on 25 October 2015. ",,1596,
788,Korvald,"Minority cabinet supported by Conservative Party (H) and Liberal People's Party (DLF).
It was appointed on 18 October 1972 following resignation of Bratelli and its main objective was to negotiate a trade agreement with the European Communities (EC) instead of EC membership.
Cabinet ended with elections on 9 September 1973 and formally resigned on 16 October.",Coded as caretaker due to the limited mandate of the government and its only main task to negotiate a trade agreement.,1596,
1005,Kosor I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 83, no: 45) on 6 July 2009.
Cabinet ended on 10 July 2010 after the Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
1007,Kosor II,"Cabinet continued on 10 July 2010 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 23 December 2011.",,1596,
759,Kostov,,"Cabinet was approved on 21 May 1997 (yes: 179 , no: 54 , abstain:0).
Cabinet ended with election on 18 June 2001.",1596,
805,Krag I,PM Krag was appointed on 3 September 1962.,,1596,
633,Krag II,Cabinet resigned on 2 November 1966 over taxation policy and called an early election.,,1596,
791,Krag III,"Cabinet continued after the election on 22 November 1966.
Minority cabinet was supported by Social-Liberal Party (RV).
PM Krag resigned on 15 December 1967 after losing a vote (yes: 85, no: 92) on wage freezes through defection by 6 MPs from the Social-Liberal Party (RV).",,1596,
330,Krag IV,,,1596,
839,Krasts I,,,1596,
2,Krasts II,,,1596,
339,Kreisky I,"Cabinet was appointed on 21 April 1970.
Minority cabinet was supported by the Freedom Party (FPO).
PM Kreisky initiated an early election on 6 July 1971 to win a new mandate. Cabinet ended with an early election on 10 October 1971 and resigned on 19 October.",,1596,
350,Kreisky II,"Cabinet was appointed on 4 November 1971.
Cabinet ended with election on 5 October 1975 and resigned three days later.",,1596,
335,Kreisky III,"Cabinet was appointed on 28 October 1975.
PM Kreisky initiated an early election after losing a referendum on nuclear energy on 5 November 1978.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 May 1979 and resigned three days later.",,1596,
443,Kreisky IV,"Cabinet was appointed on 5 June 1979.
Cabinet ended with an early election on 24 April 1983 and resigned two days later.",,1596,
370,Kristensen,"Cabinet lost a vote of confidence on 4 October 1947 (yes: 66, no: 88) and resigned on 5 November.",,1596,
1603,Kristersson,"PM Kristersson won an investiture vote (yes: 176, no: 173) on 17 October 2022 and cabinet was appointed a day later.",,1596,
655,Kristopans I,,,1596,
449,Kristopans II,,,1596,
705,Kubilius I,,,1596,
659,Kubilius II,"PM Kubilius won an investiture vote (yes: 89, no: 27, abstain: 18) and cabinet (yes: 83, no: 40, abstain: 5) on 9 December.
Cabinet resigned on 12 July 2009, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.
",,1596,
1556,Kubilius III,"PM Kubilius won an investiture vote (yes: 79, no: 36, abstain: 13) on 16 July 2009.
Cabinet ended on 21 September 2010 with the merger of the coalition partners Liberal and Centre Union (LiCS) and the National Resurrection Party (TPP). ",,1596,
976,Kubilius IV,"Cabinet continued on 21 September 2010 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 14 October 2012.",,1596,
1343,Kucinskis I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 60, no: 32) on 11 February 2016.
Cabinet ended with election on 6 October 2018.",,1596,
1517,Kucinskis II,"Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 6 October 2018.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet starting on 23 January 2019.",,1596,
1448,Kurz I,"Cabinet was appointed on 18 December 2017.
PM Kurz lost a vote of confidence on 27 May 2019.",,1596,
1535,Kurz II,"Cabinet was appointed on 7 January 2020.
Cabinet ended on 11 October 2021 after PM Kurz resigned on 9 October 2021 following corruption allegations.",,1596,
758,Kuuskoski,Caretaker cabinet was formed on 25 April 1958.,,1596,
160,Kyprianou I,Kyprianou became acting president on 3 September 1977 following the death of Archbiship Makarios.,,1596,
201,Kyprianou II,Cabinet was presented on 8 March 1978 following the re-election of President Kyprianou on 28 February.,,1596,
875,Kyprianou III,,,1596,
300,Kyprianou IV,,,1596,
874,Kyprianou V,,,1596,
539,Laar I,"Cabinet was appointed on 21 October 1992.
PM Laar lost a confidence vote (yes: 27, no: 60, abstain: 1) on 26 September 1994 due to a lack of credibility and doubts about his government style. Both coalition partners supported the removal of the prime minister.",,1596,
458,Laar II,"Cabinet was appointed on 25 March 1999.
PM Laar announced to resign on 19 December 2001 following coalition infighting.",,1596,
116,Lange I,,,1596,
586,Lange II,,,1596,
382,Laniel,,"Party ""Payson"" could not be identified. ",1596,
1600,Lapid,"PM Lapid was appointed on 1 July 2022.
Cabinet ended with election on 1 November 2022.",,1596,
1393,Laurier I,,,1596,
1394,Laurier II,,,1596,
1395,Laurier III,,,1596,
1278,Laval I ,,,1596,
1350,Laval II,"Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 134, no: 157). ",,1596,
1267,Laval III,,,1596,
822,Leburton,,Coded as one cabinet: Election (10 March 1974) takes place within three month and new cabinet forms (25 March 1974) within three month thereafter.,1596,
588,Lefevre,,,1596,
318,Lehto,Technocratic cabinet under PM Lehto appointed on 18 December 1963.,,1596,
349,Lemass I,,,1596,
640,Lemass II,,,1596,
208,Lemass III,,,1596,
486,Leone I,,,1596,
176,Leone II,,,1596,
251,Leterme I,"PM Leterme was appointed on 20 March 2008 and won an investiture vote (yes: 97, no: 48, abstain: 1) three days later.
PM Leterme offered to resign on 14 July 2008 after failing to find support for strengthening regional autonomy. The request was rejected by the king three days later and the New Flemish Alliance (NVA) withdrew from the coalition over the issue on 21 September 2008.
The entire  cabinet offered its resignation on 19 December 2008 following allegations of exerting pressure on courts over bank bailout cases. The resignation was accepted by the king on 22 December 2008.",Cabinet ends with withdrawal of the N-VA on 21 September 2008 and requests to resign on 19 December. Coded as one observation due to three month coding rule.,1596,
412,Leterme II,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 82, no: 53, abstain: 0) on 27 November 2009.
Leterme offered to resign on 22 April 2010 following an unresolved conflict in the coalition over electoral reform in a district and the resignation was accepted by the King four days later.",,1596,
648,Leterme III,,Start date set to 13 June 2010 (election date) following three month coding rule.,1596,
998,Letta I,"PM Letta was appointed on 27 April 2013 and the cabinet won confidence votes on 29/30 April (yes: 453, no: 153 [lower house]; yes: 233, no: 59 [upper house]).
Cabinet ended on 15 November 2013 after People of Freedom (PdL) party group split.",,1596,
1018,Letta II,"Cabinet continued on 18 November 2013 after a change in party composition and won confidence votes on 11 December (yes: 379, no: 212 [lower house]; yes: 173, no: 127 [upper house]).
PM Letta resigned on 14 February 2014 after losing the support of his party over a lack of economic reforms.","Constitutation of New Centre-Right (NCD) party group on 18 November 2013 used for date of cabinet change.
Continuation of cabinet parties (except PdL) is assumed. ",1596,
1293,Leygues,,,1596,
1407,Liebe,"Caretaker cabinet appointed on 30 March 1920 by King Christian X leading to the Easter Crisis.
PM Liebe resigned on 4 April after unions initiated a general strike.",,1596,
137,Liinamaa,,,1596,
1127,Lindman,,,1596,
95,Lipponen I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 139, no: 49, absent: 11) on 28 April 1995.
",,1596,
337,Lipponen II,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 129, no: 54, absent: 16) on 23 April 1999.
Cabinet ended on 26 Mai 2002 after the Greens (VIHR) withdrew following parliamentary approval to build a new nuclear power plant two days earlier. Environment minister Satu Hassi was replaced on 31 May.",,1596,
636,Lipponen III,"Cabinet started on 31 May 2002 with a replacement of the Green (VIHR) environment minister.
Cabinet ended with election on 16 March 2003 and resigned on 17 April.",,1596,
1235,Lloyd George I,,,1596,
1091,Lofven I,"PM Loefven won an investiture vote (yes: 132, no: 49, abstain: 154) on 2 October 2014 and cabinet was appointed a day later.
PM Loefven lost a budget vote (yes: 153; no: 182) on 3 December but announced a minority support agreement on 27 December and won a confidence vote (yes: 133, no 45, abstain: 155) on 20 January.
Cabinet ended with election on 9 September 2018.",,1596,
1513,Lofven II,"Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 9 September 2018.
PM Loefven lost an investiture vote (yes: 142; no: 204) on 25 September and remained in office as caretaker cabinet.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 18 January 2019.",,1596,
1516,Lofven III,"PM Loefven won an investiture vote (yes: 115, no: 153, abstain: 77) on 18 January 2019.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote (yes: 109, no: 181) on 21 June 2021 and resigned on 28 June 2021.	",negative parliamentarism with no absolute majority against cabinet ,1596,
1575,Lofven IV ,"PM Loefven won an investiture vote (no: 173) on 9 July 2021.
PM Loefven resigned on 10 November 2021 to make place for a new PM.",negative parliamentarism with no absolute majority against cabinet,1596,
257,Lubbers I,,,1596,
525,Lubbers II,,,1596,
142,Lubbers III,,,1596,
656,Lubys,"PM Lubys won an investiture vote (yes: 87, no: 0, abstain: 40) on 2 December 1992.
Cabinet resigned on 25 February 1993, a constitutional requirement after a presidential election.",,1596,
1497,Luther I,"Cabinet took office on 16 January 1925.
Cabinet ended on 29 October 1925, when the DNVP withdrew from the government due to the dispute over the Locarno Treaties.",,1596,
1498,Luther II,"Cabinet took office on 29 October 1925.
Cabinet resigned on 5 December 1925 after signing the Locarno Treaties.
",,1596,
1499,Luther III,"Cabinet took office on 20 January 1926.
Luther resigned on 13 May 1926, after a vote of reprobation against him was successful.",,1596,
1173,Lykke I ,,,1596,
1172,Lykke II,,,1596,
577,Lynch I,,,1596,
825,Lynch II,,,1596,
761,Lynch III,,,1596,
50,Lyng,"Cabinet was appointed on 28 August 1963.
Cabinet lost a confidence vote on 20 September (yes: 74, no: 76) and resigned on 25 September.",,1596,
966,Lyons I,,,1596,
967,Lyons II,,,1596,
968,Lyons III,Cabinet ended on 7 April 1939 with death of PM Lyons.,,1596,
1318,Løvland,,,1596,
1232,MacDonald I ,"Cabinet lost a vote (yes: 198, no: 364) on 8 October 1924 over proceedings against a Communist newspaper editor. Parliament was dissolved a day later and early elections took place on 29 October.",,1596,
1230,MacDonald II ,,,1596,
1229,MacDonald III,,,1596,
1249,Mackenzie,,,1596,
385,Macmillan I,,,1596,
226,Macmillan II,,,1596,
1187,Madsen-Mygdal,,,1596,
1354,Magnusson I,,,1596,
1355,Magnusson II,,,1596,
1358,Magnusson III,,,1596,
490,Major I,,,1596,
651,Major II,"Cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 339, no: 299, abstain: 2) on 24 July 1993 to pass approval of the Treaty on European Union.
",,1596,
1148,Mantere,,,1596,
299,Marcinkiewicz I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 272, no: 187, abstain: 0) on 10 November 2005.
",,1596,
724,Marcinkiewicz II,PM Marcinkiewicz resigned on 7 July 2006 following divisions with Law and Justice (PiS) party leader Jarosław Kaczyński. The resignation of the cabinet was accepted by president Lech Kaczyński on 10 July 2006.,,1596,
250,Marie,,,1596,
33,Marijnen,,,1596,
1533,Marin,"PM Marin won an investiture vote (yes: 99, no: 70, absent: 30) on 10 December 2019 and cabinet was appointed the same day.",,1596,
544,Marshall,,,1596,
496,Martens I,"PM Martens was appointed on 3 April 1980.
Cabinet ended on 16 January 1980 when Democratic Front (FDF) ministers resigned.",,1596,
265,Martens II,,,1596,
253,Martens III,,,1596,
434,Martens IV,,,1596,
545,Martens IX,Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office after the previous coalition broke apart until a new coalition formed following elections on 24 November 1991.,Start date set to 24 November 1991 (election date) following three month coding rule.,1596,
694,Martens V,,,1596,
359,Martens VI,,,1596,
88,Martens VII,,,1596,
438,Martens VIII,Cabinet ended on 29 September 1991 after People's Union (VU) left. ,PM Martens asked to resign on 4 October. The King did not accept the request on 7 October but called for early elections.,1596,
1566,Martin,"PM Martin won an investiture vote (yes: 93, no: 63) on 27 June 2020.",,1596,
98,Martin I,,,1596,
295,Martin II,Minority cabinet was supported by New Democratic Party (NDP).,,1596,
1494,Marx I,"Cabinet took office on 1 December 1923.
Cabinet ended on 15 April 1923 due to the withdrawal of the BVP (represented by Erich Emminger) from the cabinet.",,1596,
1495,Marx II,"Cabinet took office on 15 April 1924.
Cabinet ended with election on 4 June 1924.",Government officially stayed in office until 26 June 1924.,1596,
1496,Marx III,"Cabinet Marx II was confirmed by Reichspräsident Ebert in office after initial coalition negotiations failed, but had no majority support in the Reichstag. Coalition negotiations with SPD and DNVP continued, but were not successful.
Cabinet resigned on 15 December 1924 and stayed in office until 15 January 1925.",,1596,
1500,Marx IV,"Cabinet took office on 18 May 1926.
Cabinet resigned on 17 December 1926 after losing a confidence vote initiated by the SPD.",,1596,
1501,Marx V,"Cabinet took office on 29 January 1927.
Marx resigned on 12 June 1928 due to a dispute over the Reichsschulgesetz.
",,1596,
1250,Massey,,,1596,
1259,Massey II,,,1596,
1260,Massey III,,,1596,
1261,Massey IV,,,1596,
1550,Matovic,"PM Matovic and the cabinet were appointed on 21 March 2020 and won an investiture vote (yes: 93, no: 48) on 30 April 2020.
Cabinet ended with resignation of PM Matovic on 30 March 2021.",,1596,
1090,Mauroy I,,"Party ""Movement of democrates"" could not be identified. ",1596,
111,Mauroy II,,"cabinet ended by formal resignation; junior minister of MRG in cabinet but no minister
Party ""Movement of democrates"" could not be identified. ",1596,
409,Mauroy III,,,1596,
1416,May I,"Cabinet was appointed on 13 July 2016 after the resignation of PM Cameron over the Brexit referendum.
PM May called a snap election to strengthen her mandate for Brexit. Cabinet ended with a snap election on 8 May 2017.",,1596,
1434,May II,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 June 2017.
Minority cabinet was supported by Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).
Cabinet ended with the resignation of PM May on 24 July 2019.
",,1596,
532,Mayer,,"Party ""Payson"" could not be identified. ",1596,
1463,Mayr I,"Cabinet was elected on 7 July 1920 as a consensus government to overcome the government crisis and all parties in parliament were involved.
On 22 October 1920 the Social Democrats defected form the government.
Cabinet ended on 20 November 1920.",,1596,
1464,Mayr II,"Cabinet was elected on 20 November 1920 (Yes: 99, No: 59)
Cabinet resigned on 1 Juni 1921 with the resignation of Mayr and stayed in office until 21 June 1921 as a caretaker government.",,1596,
698,Mazowiecki,"PM Mazowiecki won an investiture vote on 24 August 1989 (yes: 378, no: 4, abstain: 41) and the cabinet on 12 September (yes: 402, no: 0, abstain: 13).",,1596,
607,McEwen,Caretaker cabinet under PM McEwen took office after the death of PM Holt until the Government parties appoint a new leader.,,1596,
644,McMahon,Following the defeat at the election McMahon resigned on 5 December 1972. A two-member interim ministry was formed by Whitlam and Barnard (both Australian Labor Party) until finalisation of election results.,,1596,
381,Meciar I,,,1596,
661,Meciar II,,,1596,
401,Meciar III,,,1596,
567,Meciar IV,,,1596,
689,Meciar V,Meciar lost a vote of confidence on 11 March 1994 and resigned three days later.,,1596,
25,Meciar VI,,,1596,
289,Medgyessy,Medgyessy resigned on 19 August 2004 following a conflict with the liberal coalition partner.,,1596,
1111,Meighen,,,1596,
898,Meir I,"Minority cabinet was supported by Libralim Atzma'im (LA), Poalei Agudat Yisrael (PAY) with a deputy minister and by Kidma vePituah (KP), Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended with an early election on 28 October 1969 and resigned on 15 December.",,1596,
899,Meir II,"Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP) with a deputy minister and by Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].
Cabinet ended on 6 August 1970 when Herut-Liberal Bloc (Gahal) withdrew from the coalition.",,1596,
900,Meir III,Minority cabinet was supported by Kidma vePituah (KP) with a deputy minister and by Shituf VeAhvah (SV) [Arab satellite lists].,,1596,
1031,Meir IV,PM Meir resigned on 11 April 1974 following the publication of the interim report on the Yom Kippur War by the Agranat Commission.,,1596,
1605,Meloni,"PM Meloni was appointed on 22 October 2022 and cabinet won confidence votes on 25/26 October (yes: 235, no: 154, abstain: 5 [lower house]; yes: 115, no: 79, abstain: 5 [upper house]).",,1596,
395,Mendes-France,,,1596,
970,Menzies I,Cabinet ended on 14 March 1990 with the agreement between the United Australia Party (UAP) and the Country Party (CP) to form a coalition cabinet.,,1596,
971,Menzies II,,,1596,
972,Menzies III,PM Menzies resigned on 28 August 1941 after the Australian Labor Party (ALP) refused his offer to join the coalition.,,1596,
600,Menzies IIX,,,1596,
431,Menzies IV,Cabinet ended on 17 March 1951 with the agreement of the Govenor General to dissolve the Parliament and the Senate.,,1596,
275,Menzies IX,,,1596,
541,Menzies V,,,1596,
171,Menzies VI,,,1596,
457,Menzies VII,,,1596,
754,Menzies X,Cabinet ended on 20 January 1966 with the resignation of PM Menzies.,,1596,
81,Merkel I,,,1596,
450,Merkel II,"PM Merkel  won an investiture vote (yes: 323, no: 258, abstain: 4) on 28 October 2009.
Cabinet lost its upper house majority on 14 July 2010 when a new cabinet took office in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Cabinet ended with election on 22 September 2013.",,1596,
1021,Merkel III,"PM Merkel won an investiture vote (yes: 462, no: 150, abstain: 9) on 17 December 2013.
Cabinet ended with election on 24 September 2017.",,1596,
1442,Merkel IV,"Continuation caretaker cabinet remained in office on 24 September 2017.
Cabinet ended with new cabinet coming into office on 14 March 2018.",,1596,
1454,Merkel V,"PM Merkel won an investiture vote (yes: 364, no: 315, abstain: 9) on 14 March 2018.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 September 2021.",,1596,
411,Messmer I,,,1596,
582,Messmer II,,cabinet ended by formal resignation,1596,
17,Messmer III,,,1596,
1089,Michel I,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 October 2014 and won an investiture vote (yes: 84, no: 58, abstain: 1) on 17 October.
Cabinet ended on 9 December 2018 after New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) withdrew over immigration policy.",,1596,
1512,Michel II,"Cabinet continued on 9 December 2018 after a change in party composition.
Cabinet ended with election on 26 May 2019.",,1596,
1546,Michel III,"Cabinet continued after election on 26 May 2019.
Cabinet ended on 27 October 2019 with the resignation of PM Michel due to his election as President of the European Council.",,1596,
1317,Michelsen I,,,1596,
1322,Michelsen II,,,1596,
573,Miettunen I,Cabinet under PM Miettunen was appointed 14 July 1961 and ended with elections on 5 February 1962.  ,,1596,
454,Miettunen II,,,1596,
812,Miettunen III,,,1596,
117,Mifsud Bonnici,,,1596,
56,Miki,,,1596,
1006,Milanovic,"Cabinet won an investiture vote on 23 December 2011 (yes: 89, no: 28, abstain: 12).
Cabinet ended with election on 8 November 2015. ",,1596,
342,Miller I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 306, no: 140, abstain: 1) on 26 October 2001.
",,1596,
18,Miller II,,,1596,
1295,Millerand I,,,1596,
1294,Millerand II,,,1596,
1401,Mintoff I,,,1596,
282,Mintoff II,,,1596,
782,Mintoff III,,,1596,
581,Mintoff IV,,,1596,
79,Mintoff V,,,1596,
347,Mitsotakis Kon,"Cabinet was appointed on 11 April 1990.
Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 152, no: 146, abstain: 1, absent: 1) on 26 April 1990.
Cabinet resigned  on 9 September 1993 after losing parliamentary majority. Some MPs from the New Democracy (ND) party group withdrew their support in conflict over the Republic of Macedonia.",,1596,
1523,Mitsotakis Kyr,"PM Mitsotakis was appointed on 8 July 2019. The cabinet won a confidence vote (yes: 158, no: 142) on 22 July 2019.","Christos Stylianides has been a minister for Climate Crisis and Civil protection since 6 September 2021. He belongs to the party ""Democratic Rally"" in Cyprus and received an ""honorary Greek citizenship"" (Kathimerini). We do not code his party as a government party.
",1596,
240,Miyazawa,"Miyazawa lost a confidence vote (yes: 220, no: 255) on 18 June 1993 and dissolved parliament.
Cabinet resigned on 5 August 1993.",,1596,
1398,Mizzi,,,1596,
566,Mollet,,One minister appointed by African Democratic Rally (RDA).,1596,
1329,Monis,,,1596,
933,Monti,"PM Monti and his technocrat cabinet were sworn in on 16 November 2011 and won confidence votes on 18/19 November (yes: 281, no: 25 [upper house]; yes: 556, no: 61 [lower house]).
PM Monti resigned on 21 December 2012 and cabinet ended with election on 25 February 2013.",,1596,
546,Moore,,,1596,
783,Moravcik,PM Moravcik was appointed on 14 March 1994.,,1596,
1452,Morawiecki I,"Cabinet won an investiture vote (yes: 243, no: 192) on 11 December 2017.
Cabinet includes  Alliance (P) and United Poland (SP) as members of the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary group.
Cabinet ended with election on 13 October 2019.",,1596,
1537,Morawiecki II,"Cabinet was appointed on 15 November 2019 and won an investiture vote (yes: 259, no: 183, abstain: 7) on 19 November 2019.
Cabinet includes Alliance (P) and United Poland (SP) as members of the Law and Justice (PiS) parliamentary group.",,1596,
202,Mori I,,,1596,
157,Mori II,,,1596,
784,Moro I,"Cabinet won a vote on 26 June 1964 (yes: 286, no: 193) on the entire budget of ministry of public instruction but lost a vote (yes: 221, no: 228) over increased funding for private schools on the same day.",,1596,
676,Moro II,"PM Moro was appointed on 23 July 1964 and cabinet won confidence votes on 1 August 1964 (yes: 163, no: 120 [upper house]) and 6 August (yes: 344, no: 238 [lower house]). 
Cabinet resigned  on 21 January 1966 after losing a vote (yes: 221, no: 250, abstain: 3, absent: 156) over ""a bill to establish state nursery schools"" (NYT).",,1596,
414,Moro III,"PM Moro was appointed on 24 February 1966 and cabinet won confidence votes on 8 March 1966 (yes: 347, no: 251 [lower house]) and 15 March (yes: 173, no: 123 [upper house]).",,1596,
143,Moro IV,,,1596,