id,key,short,full,url
37,ssr,Štatistický úrad Slovenskej republiky, Štatistický úrad Slovenskej republiky (Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic),http://www.statistics.sk/
107,cr7,Český rozhlas 7,Český rozhlas 7 – Radio Praha (Radio Prague),http://www.radio.cz/en/
73,ctk,ČTK,Česká tisková kancelář (Czech News Agency),http://www.ctk.eu/
140,oepa,Österreichisches Parlament,Österreichisches Parlament (Austrian Parliament),http://www.parlament.gv.at/ENGL/
269,onb,Österreichische Nationalbibliothek,Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Austrian National Library),https://www.onb.ac.at/
111,asub,ÅSUB,Ålands statistik- och utredningsbyrå (Statistics and Research Åland),
292,tmisra,tmisra,Times of Israel ,https://www.timesofisrael.com/
163,pc,personal communication,personal communication with country expert -- see comment observation for more details,
290,parlamento-pt,parlamento-pt,Assembleia da República (Portuguese Parliament),https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/en/
289,parlament-hu,parlament-hu,Országgyűlés (Hungarian National Assembly),https://www.parlament.hu/en/web/house-of-the-national-assembly
206,verk,nlverkiezingen.com,Nederlandse verkiezingsuitslagen 1918-nu (Dutch election results since 1918),http://www.nlverkiezingen.com/index_en.html
215,md,maltadata.com,"Parliamentary Election Results, 1921-2013",http://maltadata.com/results.htm
159,dere,flandersnews.be,flandersnews.be (VRT),http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english
288,erakonnad,erakonnad.info,Eesti Erakondade Ajalugu (History of Estonian Political Parties),https://www.erakonnad.info/
246,dpa,dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur,dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur (German Press Agency),http://www.dpa.de/English.82.0.html
168,ddp,ddp Deutscher Depeschendienst,ddp Deutscher Depeschendienst (German press agency),
100,cy-gov,cyprus.gov.cy,Cyprus Government Web Portal (G.W.P) ,http://www.cyprus.gov.cy
278,zeit,Zeit,ZEIT Online,https://www.zeit.de/index
255,ysk,Yüksek Seçim Kurulu,Yüksek Seçim Kurulu (Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey),
64,yomiuri,Yomiuri Shimbun,"The Daily Yomiuri, The Yomiuri Shimbun",http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/
108,yle,YLE,Yleisradio Oy (Finnish Broadcasting Company),http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/news//
282,xna,XNA,Xinhua News Agency,http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/
274,ws,World Statesmen,WorldStatesmen.org is an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories,http://worldstatesmen.org/
203,wilson,Wilson (1985),"Wilson, J. O. 1985. New Zealand parliamentary record 1840-1984. Wellington: V.R. Ward, Government Printer.",
15,w,Wikipedia,Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia,http://www.wikipedia.org/
40,wiese,Wiesehomeier and Benoit (2009),"Wiesehomeier, Nina, and Kenneth Benoit. 2009. “Presidents, Parties and Policy Competition.” The Journal of Politics 71(4):1435–1447.",http://ninaw.webfactional.com/?page_id=11
61,wid,Wahlen in Deutschland,Valentin Schröder: Wahlen in Deutschland,http://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/
34,vrk,Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija,Lietuvos Respublikos vyriausioji rinkimų komisija (The Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania),http://www.vrk.lt/en/
22,volby,Volebním serveru ČSÚ,Volebním serveru ČSÚ (CZSO's Election Server) – Český statistický úřad (Czech Statistical Office),http://www.volby.cz/index_en.htm
161,vlada,Vlada Republike Slovenije,Vlada Republike Slovenije (Government of the Republic of Slovenia),http://www.vlada.si/si/o_vladi/prejsnje_vlade/
29,valt,Valtioneuvosto,Valtioneuvosto – Statsrådet (Finnish Government),http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/government/history
26,val,Valmyndigheten,Valmyndigheten (Swedish Election Authority),https://www.val.se/
31,vvk,Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon,Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon (Estonian National Electoral Committee),http://www.vvk.ee/?lang=en
110,vaalit,Vaalit,Vaalit – Oikeusministeriö (Elections – Ministery of Justice Finland),http://www.vaalit.fi/
229,valg,VALG,Kommunal- OG Regionaldepartementet - Stortingsvalget (Elections to the Storting),http://www.valgresultat.no/bss.html
221,urwin,Urwin (1970),"Urwin, Derek W. 1970. Elections in Western Nations, 1945-1968. Strathclyde.",
51,ukeu,UK Office of the European Parliament,The United Kingdom Office of the European Parliament.,http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/european-elections/european-elections
232,tuik,TÜİK,TÜİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Turkish Statistical Institute),http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do
270,tcd,Trinity College Dublin,"Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin",https://www.tcd.ie/
271,tc,Trinity College Dublin,"Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin",https://www.tcd.ie/
126,toer68,Törnudd (1968),"Törnudd, Klaus. 1968. The electoral system of Finland. London: Hugh Evelyn.",
153,tom,Times of Malta,Times of Malta,http://www.timesofmalta.com/
14,tila,Tilastokeskus,Tilastokeskus – Statistikcentralen (Statistics Finland),http://www.stat.fi/til/vaa_en.html
102,times,The Times,The Times,http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/archive/
158,nzhe,The New Zealand Herald,The New Zealand Herald,http://www.nzherald.co.nz/
275,tlse,The Local Sweden,The Local Europe AB - Sweden,https://www.thelocal.se/
265,local,The Local,The Local (various countries),https://www.thelocal.com/
218,glob,The Globe and Mail,The Globe and Mail,http://www.theglobeandmail.com/
251,tce,The Canadian Encyclopedia,The Canadian Encyclopedia,http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/
164,teara,Te Ara,Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand,http://www.teara.govt.nz/
226,tagbla,Tageblatt,Tageblatt,http://www.tageblatt.lu/
183,taag-89,Taagepera and Shugart (1989),"Taagepera, Rein, and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1989. Seats and votes: The effects and determinants of electoral systems. Yale University Press.",
180,taag-97,Taagepera (1997),"Taagepera, Rein. 1997. “Effective number of parties for incomplete data.” Electoral Studies 16(2):145–151.",
228,senat,Sénat,Sénat – French Senate,http://www.senat.fr/lng/en/index.html
157,sw-in,Swissinfo,Swissinfo – Swiss Broadcasting Corporation,http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/index.html
137,sva-85,Svåsand(1985),"Svåsand, Lars. 1985. Politiske partier. Oslo: Tiden Norsk Forlag.",
135,sos,Sveriges officiella statistik,Sveriges officiella statistik – Statistiska centralbyrån (Official Statistics of Sweden – Statistics Sweden),
132,suj-02,Sundberg (2002),"Sundberg, Jan. 2002. “The electoral system of Finland: Old, and working well.” In The evolution of electoral and party systems in the Nordic countries. New York: Agathon Press, p 67-100.",
115,nos-sv,Stortingsvalget,Norges Offisielle Statistikk – Stortingsvalget (Norwegian Official Statistics – Storting Election),
130,storting,Stortinget,Stortinget (Norwegian Parliament),http://www.stortinget.no/en/In-English/
129,snl,Store norske leksikon,Store norske leksikon (Great Norwegian encyclopedia),http://snl.no/
71,su,Statistični urad,Statistični urad Republike Slovenije (Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia),http://www.stat.si/eng/
86,yb-swe,Statistisk årsbok,Statistisk årsbok för Sverige (Statistical Yearbook of Sweden),http://www.scb.se/Pages/List____283991.aspx
113,yb-nor,Statistisk Årbok,Statistisk Årbok  (Statistical Yearbook of Norway),http://www.ssb.no/english/yearbook/aarbok.html
85,yb-dnk,Statistisk Årbog,Statistisk Årbog (Statistical Yearbook of Denmark),http://www.dst.dk/aarbogsarkiv
25,seby,Statistisk sentralbyrå,Statistisk sentralbyrå (Statistics Norway),http://www.ssb.no/stortingsvalg_en/
101,yb-aut,Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreich,Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreich (Statistical Yearbook of Austria),http://www.statistik.at/web_en/publications_services/statistisches_jahrbuch/index.html
250,sb-jpn,Statistics Bureau Japan,Statistics Bureau Japan,http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/chouki/27.htm
124,sna,Sofia News Agency,Sofia News Agency,http://www.novinite.com/
68,spectator,Slovak Spectator,The Slovak Spectator,http://spectator.sme.sk/
223,skja,Skjæveland (2003),"Skjæveland, Asbjørn. 2003. ‘Government Formation in Denmark 1953-1998’. Aarhus: Forlaget Politica.",
63,sejm,Sejm RP,"Sejm Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej (Parliament of the Republic Poland, first chamber)",http://www.sejm.gov.pl/
75,swiss,Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft,Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (The Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation),http://www.admin.ch/
267,vs14,Schröder (2014),"Schröder, Valentin and Philip Manow. 2014. Is negative parliamentarism sometimes no parliamentarism after all? Evidence on tiered systems of power separation from the Weimar Republic, 1920–1933. 42nd ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops, University of Salamanca, Spain, 13.04.2014.",
74,stt,STT,Suomen Tietotoimisto (Finnish News Agency),http://www.stt.fi/en/
114,sta,STA,Slovenska tiskovna agencija (Slovenian Press Agency),http://www.sta.si/en/
188,sita,SITA,SITA Slovenska Tlacova Agentura (Slovak News Agency),http://www.sita.sk/eng/
47,ref,Résultats électoraux en France,Résultats électoraux en France (Election results France) – Ministère de l'Intérieur (Minister of the Interior),https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/
9,rose,Rose and Munro (2003),"Rose, Richard, and Neil Munro. 2003. Elections and parties in new European democracies. Washington D.C.: CQ Press.",
13,rokkan,Rokkan and Meyriat (1969),"Rokkan, Stein, and Jean Meyriat, eds. 1969. International guide to electoral statistics. The Hague, Paris: Mouton.",
286,riksdagen,Riksdagen,Riksdagen,
78,riksdag,Riksdag,Sveriges Riksdag,http://www.riksdagen.se/
96,ro,Rijksoverheid,Rijksoverheid (Dutch government),https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/regering/inhoud/over-de-regering/kabinetten-sinds-1945
65,reuters,Reuters,Reuters,http://www.reuters.com
128,rpfi,Rekisteröidyt puolueet,Rekisteröidyt puolueet – Registrerade partier (Registered parties Finland),http://www.vaalit.fi/15485.htm
116,reg-no,Regjeringen,Regjeringen (Norway's Governments),https://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments/
134,rpv,Registrera partibeteckning,Registrera partibeteckning – Valmyndigheten (Registered parties – Swedish Election Authority),http://www.val.se/det_svenska_valsystemet/partier/registrera_partibeteckning/
80,reg-se,Regeringen,Regeringens och Regeringskansliets (Swedish Government and the Government Offices),http://www.regeringen.se/
45,ray,Ray (1999),"Ray, Leonard. 1999. “Measuring party orientations towards European integration: Results from an expert survey.” European Journal of Political Research 36(2):283–306.",http://www.lsu.edu/faculty/lray2/data/data.html
293,sr,Radio Sweden,Sveriges Radio – Radio Sweden,https://sverigesradio.se/radiosweden
103,rte,RTÉ,Raidió Teilifís Éireann,http://www.rte.ie/
264,rnz,RNZ,Radio New Zealand,http://www.radionz.co.nz/
83,rnw,RNW,Radio Netherlands Worldwide,http://www.rnw.nl/english/
67,rferl,RFE/RL,Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty,http://www.rferl.org/
277,qin,Qinersineq - valg.gl,Qinersineq,https://www.valg.gl/
258,prz-13,Przeworski (2013),"Przeworski, Adam. 2013. “Political Institutions and Political Events (PIPE) Data Set. Department of Politics, New York University.”",https://sites.google.com/a/nyu.edu/adam-przeworski/home/data
199,fragov,Portail du Government,Portail du Government -- (French Government),http://www.gouvernement./
91,pr,Polskie Radio,Polskie Radio (Polish Radio),http://www.thenews.pl
196,polityka,Polityka,Polityka,http://www.polityka.pl/
151,pol-hu,Politics.hu,Politics.hu,http://www.politics.hu/
225,sonntag,Politica,"Lars Sonntag: Politica – Governments, elections and party leaders",http://www.kolumbus.fi/taglarsson/
239,pnbbae,Polish News Bulletin,Polish News Bulletin,http://www.pnb.pl/
56,pkw,Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza ,"Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza (National Election Commission, Poland)",http://www.pkw.gov.pl/
205,pav-03,Pavel and Huiu (2003),"Pavel, Dan, and Iulia Huiu. 2003. “Nu putem reuși decît împreună” O istorie analitică a Convenției Democratice, 1989-2000. Iași: Polirom.
",
95,phb,Parteien-Handbuch,"Stöss, Richard. 1986. Parteien-Handbuch: Die Parteien der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1945-1980. Sonderausgabe. Opladen: Westdeutsche Verlag.",
172,aph-11,Parliamentary Handbook of Australia (2011),Parliamentary Library 2011: 43rd Parliament. Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia 2011.,http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/~/media/05%20About%20Parliament/54%20Parliamentary%20Depts/544%20Parliamentary%20Library/Handbook/43rd_PH_complet
287,psp,Parliament Czechia ,Parliament of the Czech Republic — Chamber of Deputies,https://www.psp.cz/
198,papo,Parlement & Politiek,Parlement & Politiek,http://www.parlement.com/
52,pica,ParlInfo Canada,ParlInfo – Parliament of Canada,http://www2.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo
55,parlgov,ParlGov database (Döring ea. 2023),"Döring, Holger, Constantin Huber, Philip Manow, Maike Hesse and Alexandra Quaas. 2023. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov): Information on parties, elections and cabinets in established democracies.",http://www.parlgov.org/
244,pa-84,Paloheimo (1984),"Paloheimo, Heikki. 1984. Governments in Democratic Capitalist States 1950-1983: A Data Handbook. Turku: University of Turku, Department of Sociology and Political Science.",
12,parline,PARLINE IPU,Inter-Parliamentary Union's database on national parliaments (PARliaments onLINE),http://www.ipu.org/parline/
247,pacn,PACN,PACN – Pacific News Agency Service,
39,ovb,Országos Választási Bizottság,Országos Választási Bizottság (National Election Committee Hungary),http://www.valasztas.hu/
49,ark,Northern Ireland Elections,Nicholas Whyte – Northern Ireland Elections,http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/
178,no-2005,Nohlen ea. (2005),"Nohlen, Dieter, ed. 2005. Elections in the Americas: A data handbook. Oxford University Press.",
99,no-2001,Nohlen ea. (2001),"Nohlen, Dieter, Florian Grotz, and Christof Hartmann, eds. 2001. Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A data handbook. Oxford University Press.",
117,no-2010,Nohlen and Stöver (2010),"Nohlen, Dieter, and Philip Stöver, eds. 2010. Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Baden-Baden:Nomos.",
133,yb-nzl,New Zealand Yearbook,New Zealand Official Yearbook,
160,nz-parl,New Zealand Parliament,New Zealand Parliament,http://www.parliament.nz/
59,nyt,New York Times (NYT),New York Times Article Archive,http://query.nytimes.com/search/
62,nzz,NZZ,Neue Zürcher Zeitung,http://www.nzz.ch/
195,nzpa,NZPA,New Zealand Press Association,http://www.nzpa.co.nz/
23,mue-rom,Müller-Rommel ea. (2008),"Müller-Rommel, Ferdinand, Philipp Harfst, Henrike Schultze, and Katja Fettelschoß. 2008. “Parteienregierungen in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Empirische Befunde im Ländervergleich 1990 bis 2008.” Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 39(4):810–831.",
10,mueller,Müller and Strøm (2000),"Müller, Wolfgang C., and Kaare Strøm, eds. 2000. Coalition governments in Western Europe. Oxford University Press.",
142,mbl,Morgunblaðið,Morgunblaðið (The Morning Paper),http://www.mbl.is/mm/frettir/english/
141,morgan,Morgan (1976),"Morgan, Michael-John. 1976. “The modelling of governmental coalition formation: A policy-based approach with interval measurement.” Dissertation, University of Michigan.",
109,mp,Monitor Polski,Monitor Polski,http://monitorpolski.gov.pl/
212,epl,Ministère de l'Intérieur (Luxembourg),Ministère de l'Intérieur - Le site officiel des élections au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Ministry of internal affairs - Official election results of Luxembourg),http://www.elections.public.lu/fr/index.html
201,mig,Ministry of Interior (Greece),Hellenic Republic - Ministry of Interior,http://www.ypes.gr/en/Elections/
257,mi,Ministerio del Interior,Ministerio del Interior (Ministry of Internal Affairs),http://www.interior.gob.es/
27,mep,Members European Parliament,Members of the European Parliament (www.europarl.europa.eu),http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder.do?language=EN
165,mchale,McHale (1983),"McHale, Vincent E., ed. 1983a. Political Parties of Europe: Albania -- Norway. Greenwood Press.;

McHale, Vincent E., ed. 1983b. Political Parties of Europe: Poland -- Yugoslavia. Greenwood Press.

",
8,mackie,Mackie and Rose (1991),"Mackie, Thomas, and Richard Rose. 1991. The international almanac of electoral history. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly.",
209,macr-90,Mackie and Craig (1990),"Mackie, Thomas, and Fred W. S Craig. 1990. Europe votes 3: European Parliamentary election results 1989. 2nd ed. Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth Publishing Company Limited.",
208,macr-85,Mackie and Craig (1985),"Mackie, Thomas, and Fred W. S Craig. 1985. Europe votes 2: European Parliamentary election results 1979-1984. 2nd ed. West Sussex, UK: Parliamentary Research Services.",
242,mti-eco,MTI-Eco,MTI-Econews,http://www.mtieco.hu/Pages/Login.aspx?lang=eng
273,mmc,MMC,"RTV Slowenien öffentliche Institution, Kolodvorska 2, Ljubljana, Slowenien ",http://www.rtvslo.si/
125,mic,MIC,Ministry of Internal Affairs (Japan),http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/data/index.html
216,mdi,MDI,Ministero dell'Interno - Ministry of Internal Affairs (Italy),http://elezioni.interno.it/
207,lt,Lithuania Tribune,The Lithuania Tribune,http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/
177,lij-94,Lijphart (1994),"Lijphart, Arend. 1978. “The Dutch electoral system in comparative perspective: extreme proportional representation, multipartism, and the failure of electoral reform.” The Netherlands’ Journal of Sociology 14:115–133.",
79,lo,Latvians Online,Latvians Online,http://latviansonline.com/
219,lis,Landskjörstjórn,Landskjörstjórn - National Electoral Commission Iceland,http://www.landskjor.is/
185,la-ta-79,Laakso and Taagepera (1979),"Laakso, Markku, and Rein Taagepera. 1979. “Effective number of parties: Measure with application to West Europe.” Comparative Political Studies 12(1):3–27.",
152,leta,LETA,Nacionālā ziņu aģentūra LETA (National News Agency LETA),http://www.leta.lv/eng/index.php
131,kyodo,Kyodo,Kyodo News,http://english.kyodonews.jp/
146,kvf,Kringvarp Føroya,"Kringvarp Føroya (Broadcasting Corporation Faeroe Islands, Denmark)",http://www.kringvarp.fo/
193,koh-97,Kohno (1997),"Kohno, Masaru. 1997. Japan’s postwar party politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
",
234,knesset,Knesset,Knesset Elections Results,http://www.knesset.gov.il/description/eng/eng_mimshal_res.htm
66,kiesraad,Kiesraad,Kiesraad (Electoral Council Netherlands) ,http://www.kiesraad.nl/
58,keesings,Keesing's,Keesing's record of world events,http://www.keesings.com/
194,kato-08,Kato and Kannon (2008),"Kato, Junko, and Yuto Kannon. 2008. “Coalition Governments, Party Switching, and the Rise and Decline of Parties: Changing Japanese Party Politics since 1993.” Japanese Journal of Political Science 9(3):341–365.
",
202,kath,Kathimerini,Kathimerini (Η Καθημερινή),http://www.ekathimerini.com/
147,knr,Kalaallit Nunaata Radio,Kalaallit Nunaata Radio (Greenlandic Broadcasting Corporation),http://www.knr.gl/en
145,jiji,Jiji Press,Jiji Press English News Service,http://jen.jiji.com/
97,jacobs,Jacobs (1989),"Jacobs, Francis, ed. 1989. Western European political parties : a comprehensive guide. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman.",
253,vow,Jack Vowles,Jack Vowles New Zealand Elections Data,
243,jta,JTA,Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA),http://www.jta.org/jta-archive/archive-page
224,irti,Irish Times,The Irish Times,http://www.irishtimes.com/
89,iris,Iris Oifigiúil,Iris Oifigiúil (Irish State News),http://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/
11,idea,International IDEA,International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA),http://www.idea.int/vt/
200,insse,Institutul National de Statistica,Institutul National de Statistica (National Institute of Statistics Romania),http://www.insse.ro/cms/rw/pages/index.en.do
30,indridason,Indridason (2005),"Indridason, Indridi H. 2005. “A theory of coalitions and clientelism: Coalition politics in Iceland, 1945–-2000.” European Journal of Political Research 44(3):439–464.",
105,review,Iceland Review,Iceland Review online,http://www.icelandreview.com/
217,izbori,IZBORI,Dzavno Izborno Povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske - State Electoral Commission of Croatia,http://www.izbori.hr/izbori/dip_ws.nsf/public/index?open
44,ibz,IBZ,IBZ – Federale Overheidsdienst Binnenlandse Zaken – Service public fédéral Intérieur – Föderaler Öffentlicher Dienst Inneres,http://www.ibzdgip.fgov.be/
210,hoe-99,Höbelt (1999),"Höbelt, Lothar. 1999. Von der vierten Partei zur dritten Kraft: die Geschichte des VdU. Graz: Stocker.",
169,hug-68,Hughes and Graham (1968),"Hughes, Colin, and Bruce D. Graham. 1968. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1890-1964. Canberra: Australian National University Press.",
171,hug-86,Hughes (1986),"Hughes, Colin. 1986. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1975-1984. Sydney ;New York: Australian National University Press.
",
170,hug-77,Hughes (1977),"Hughes, Colin. 1977. A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1965-1974. Canberra: Australian National University Press.",
3,huber,Huber and Inglehart (1995),"Huber, John, and Roland Inglehart. 1995. “Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies.” Party Politics 1(1):73–111.",
48,hoyland,Hoyland ea. (2009),"Høyland, Bjørn, Indraneel Sircar, and Simon Hix. 2009. “An Automated Database of the European Parliament.” European Union Politics 10(1):143–152.",http://folk.uio.no/bjornkho/MEP/default.htm
122,hopkin,Hopkin (2005),"Hopkin, Jinathan. 2005. “Spain: Proportional Representation with Majoritarian Outcomes.” In The politics of electoral systems, edited by Michael Gallagher and Paul Mitchell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 375-94.",
294,ho-86,Hobday (1986),"Hobday, Charles. 1986. Communist and Marxist Parties of the World. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman.
",
50,hix,Hix ea. (2007),"Hix, Simon, Abdul G. Noury, and Gérard Roland. 2007. Democratic Politics in the European Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.",http://personal.lse.ac.uk/hix/HixNouryRolandEPdata.htm
149,his,Historisches Lexikon,Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (Historical Dictionary of Switzerland),http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/index.php
18,hagstofa,Hagstofa Íslands,Hagstofa Íslands (Statistics Iceland),http://www.statice.is/Statistics/Elections
272,hp,Haber Turk,Haber Turk,https://www.haberturk.com/
222,hina,HINA,HINA – Hrvatska izvještajna novinska agencija (Croatian News Agency),http://www.hina.hr/
173,gud97,Guðmundur and Magnússon (1997),"Guðmundur, Jónsson, and Magnús S. Magnússon. 1997. Hagskinna : sögulegar hagtölur um Ísland -- Icelandic historical statistics. Reykjavík: Hagstofa Íslands.",
263,gu,Guardian,The Guardian,https://www.theguardian.com/international
181,ga-mi-05,Gallagher and Mitchell (2005),"Gallagher, Michael, and Paul Mitchell, eds. 2005. The politics of electoral systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press.",
260,gall-11,Gallagher (2011),"Gallagher, Michael and Michael Marsh. 2011.How Ireland Voted 2011: the full story of Ireland's earthquake election. Basingstoke. Palgrave Macmillan.",
220,gall-09,Gallagher (2009),"Gallagher, Michael. 2009. Irish elections 1948-77: Results and analysis. Sources for the study of Irish politics 2. London. Routledge.",
184,gall-91,Gallagher (1991),"Gallagher, Michael. 1991. “Proportionality, disproportionality and electoral systems.” Electoral Studies 10(1):33–51.",
241,frpo,France Politique,France Politique,http://www.france-politique.fr/
20,folketing,Folketing,Folketing election results and governments,http://www.folketinget.dk/
237,flora-83,Flora (1983),"Flora, Peter. 1983. State, Economy, and Society in Western Europe 1815-1975: A Data Handbook in Two Volumes -- Volume I: The Growth of Mass Democracies and Welfare States. Frankfurt a.M.: Campus Verlag.",
191,faz,FAZ,Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,http://faz-archiv.faz.net/
16,essex,Essex CEE elections database ,Database on Central and Eastern European Elections: Project on Political Transformation and the Electoral Process in Post-Communist Europe,http://www2.essex.ac.uk/elect/database/database.asp
119,elklit,Elklit (2002),"Elklit, Jørgen. 2002. “The politics of electoral system development and change: The Danish case.” In The evolution of electoral and party systems in the Nordic countries, New York: Agathon Press, p. 15-66.
",
70,es,Electoral Studies,Electoral Studies – Notes on Recent Elections,http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02613794
261,ecm,Electoral Commission Malta,Electoral Commission of Malta,https://electoral.gov.mt/Elections
112,ec,Electoral Commission,The Electoral Commission (United Kingdom),http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/
155,ec-nz,Electoral Commission,Electoral Commission (New Zealand) ,http://www.electionresults.govt.nz/
238,elec-irl,ElectionsIreland.org,ElectionsIreland.org,https://electionsireland.org/
46,doi,Elections in Malta,Elections in Malta – Department of Information – Government of Malta,http://www.doi.gov.mt/EN/elections/
262,eg,ElectionGuide,Election Guide: Democracy assistance and election news,http://www.electionguide.org/
138,hcl-rp,Election Statistics: UK 1918-2007,"Election Statistics: UK 1918-2007 – Research Paper 08/12 – House of Commons Library
",http://www.parliament.uk
213,er,Election Resources,"Álvarez-Rivera, Manuel – Election Resources",http://www.electionresources.org/
90,epp,Elecciones y Partidos Políticos,Elecciones y Partidos Políticos (Elections and Political Parties in Spain),http://www.infoelectoral.mir.es/
121,elpais,El País,El País,http://www.elpais.com/english/
127,edu,Eduskunta,Eduskunta – Riksdagen (Parliament of Finland),http://web.eduskunta.fi/Resource.phx/parliament/index.htx
281,euobs,EUobserver,EUobserver,https://euobserver.com/
43,euprofiler,EU Profiler,"Trechsel, Alexander H., and Peter Mair. 2009. “When Parties (also) Position Themselves: An Introduction to the EU Profiler.” EUI - RSCAS 2009/65; EUDO - European Union Democracy Observatory.",http://dvn.eudo.eu/dvn/dv/euprofiler/
106,err,ERR,Eesti Rahvusringhääling (Estonian Public Broadcasting),http://news.err.ee/
249,epe-rp,EPE - HoC Library,European Parliament Elections – House of Commons Library,http://www.parliament.uk/
21,ep,EP election report,European Parliament (EP) election report (based on official statistics),
283,emw,EMW,EmergingMarketWatch,https://emergingmarketwatch.com/
176,elta,ELTA,Lietuvos naujienų agentūra (Lithuanian News Agency),https://www.elta.lt/en
17,ejpr,EJPR Yearbook,European Journal of Political Research: Political Data Yearbook,
87,ees,EES (2009),"European Parliament Election Study 2009, Voter Study, Advance Release, 30/06/2010.",http://www.piredeu.eu/
123,eed,EED,European Election Database,http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/index.html
211,doe-13,Döring (2013),"Döring, Holger. 2013. ‘The Collective Action of Data Collection: A Data Infrastructure on Parties, Elections and Cabinets’. European Union Politics 14(1):161–78.
",http://eup.sagepub.com/content/14/1/161
5,doering,Döring (2007),"Döring, Holger. 2007. ‘The Composition of the College of Commissioners’. European Union Politics 8(2):207–228.",http://eup.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/207
266,dn,Dutch News,Dutch News,https://www.dutchnews.nl/
38,voltive,Državna volilna komisija,Državna volilna komisija (National Electoral Commission Slovenia),http://volitve.gov.si/en/
295,dw-05,Druckman and Warwick (2005),"Druckman, James N., and Paul V. Warwick. 2005. “The Missing Piece: Measuring Portfolio Salience in Western European Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 44(1): 17–42.",
296,dr-08,Druckman and Roberts (2005),"Druckman, James N., and Andrew Roberts. 2008. “Measuring Portfolio Salience in Eastern European Parliamentary Democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 47(1): 101–34.
",
256,dj,Dow Jones Institutional News,Dow Jones Institutional News,
214,eie,DoE Ireland,Department of Environment Ireland,http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/
148,dw,Deutsche Welle,Deutsche Welle,"http://www.dw-world.de/dw/0,,266,00.html?id=266"
93,dhbt,Datenhandbuch Bundestag,"Datenhandbuch zur Geschichte des Deutschen Bundestages
",http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/datenhandbuch/
120,dsd,Danske Encyklopædi,Den Store Danske Encyklopædi (The Great Danish Encyclopedia),http://www.denstoredanske.dk/
24,valgside,Danmarks Statistik valgside,Danmarks Statistik valgside (Statistics Denmark election page),http://www.dst.dk/valg
182,da-08,Dalton (2008),"Dalton, Russell J. 2008. “The quantity and the quality of party systems: Party system polarization, its measurement, and its consequences.” Comparative Political Studies 41(7):899–920.",
291,dnse,Dagens Nyheter,Dagens Nyheter,https://www.dn.se/
233,dr,DR,DR (Danish Broadcasting Corporation),http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Andre_sprog/English/
136,cymail,Cyprus Mail,Cyprus Mail,http://www.cyprus-mail.com/
92,corriere,Corriere,Corriere della Sera,http://www.corriere.it/english/
72,conrad,Conrad and Golder (2010),"Conrad, Courtenay R., and Sona N. Golder. 2010. “Measuring government duration and stability in Central Eastern European democracies.” European Journal of Political Research 49(1):119–150.",
33,cne,Comissão Nacional de Eleições,CNE – Comissão Nacional de Eleições (Portuguese National Election Commission),http://eleicoes.cne.pt/
248,chr-08,Christiansen and Damgaard (2008),"Christiansen, Flemming Juul and Erik Damgaard. 2008. “Parliamentary Opposition under Minority Parliamentarism: Scandinavia.” The Journal of Legislative Studies 14(1-2):46–76.
",
144,ceoc,Chief Electoral Officer of Canada,"Chief Electoral Officer of Canada
",http://www.elections.ca
4,ches,Chapel Hill expert survey series,"Chapel Hill expert survey series (CHES):
Hooghe, Liesbet et al. 2010. “Reliability and validity of the 2002 and 2006 Chapel Hill expert surveys on party positioning.” European Journal of Political Research 49(5):687–703.
Steenbergen, Marco, and Gary Marks. 2007. “Evaluating expert judgments.” European Journal of Political Research 46(3):347–366.
Ryan Bakker, Catherine de Vries, Erica Edwards, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2012. ""Measuring Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey Trend File, 1999-2010.” Party Politics (forthcoming).",https://www.chesdata.eu/
35,cvk,Centrālā vēlēšanu komisija,Centrālā vēlēšanu komisija (Central Election Commission Latvia),https://www.cvk.lv/en
2,castles,Castles and Mair (1984),"Castles, Francis G. and Peter Mair. 1984. “Left-right political scales: Some ‘expert’ judgements.” European Journal of Political Research 12(1):73–88.",
230,camera,Camera dei deputati,Camera dei deputati ,http://www.camera.it/
167,cdep,Camera Deputaţilor,Camera Deputaţilor (Chamber of Deputies),http://www.cdep.ro/
76,cp,CP,The Canadian Press – La Presse Canadienne,
179,clea-11,CLEA,"Ken Kollman, Allen Hicken, Daniele Caramani, and David Backer. Constituency-Level Elections Archive (CLEA; www.electiondataarchive.org), September 14, 2011 [dataset]. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor]. ",http://www.electiondataarchive.org/
84,cik,CIK,Centralna Izbiratelna Komisija (Bulgarian Central Election Commission),http://portal.cik.bg/
268,chisols,CHISOLS dataset,"Mattes, Michaela, Brett Ashley Leeds, and Naoko Matsumura. 2016. “Measuring Change in Source of Leader Support: The CHISOLS Dataset.” Journal of Peace Research 53(2): 259–67.",http://www.chisols.org/
54,cevipol,CEVIPOL,CEVIPOL Ressources –  Electoral results,http://dev.ulb.ac.be/cevipol/en/elections.html
279,cec,CEC,Central Elections Committee,https://www.bechirot.gov.il/
98,cbs,CBS StatLine,Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek – StatLine databank (Statistics Netherlands – StatLine database),http://statline.cbs.nl/
235,cbs-isr,CBS,Israel Central Bureau of Statistics,http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_SHTML&ID=445
7,bwl,Bundeswahlleiter,Bundeswahlleiter (Federal Returning Officer) – Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany),http://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/
162,buv,Bundesversammlung,Die Bundesversammlung - Das Schweizer Parlament  (The Federal Assembly - The Swiss Parliament),http://parlament.ch/
28,bmi,Bundesministerium für Inneres,Bundesministerium für Inneres (Federal Ministry for the Interior) – Österreichische Bundeswahlbehörde (Austrian Federal Electoral Board),http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_wahlen/
189,bka,Bundeskanzleramt,Bundeskanzleramt (Federal Chancellery),http://www.bka.gv.at/
150,bafs,Bundesamt für Statistik,Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft - Bundesamt für Statistik (Statistical Office of Switzerland),https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home.html
190,buga,Bugajski (2002),"Bugajski, Janusz. 2002. Political parties of eastern europe: a guide to politics in the post-communist era. M.E.Sharpe.",
6,cmp,Budge ea. (2001) and Klingemann ea. (2006),"Budge, Ian, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, and Eric Tanenbaum. 2001. Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.;

Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara, Ian Budge, and Michael McDonald. 2006. Mapping Policy Preferences II: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments in Eastern Europe, European Union, and OECD 1990-2003. Oxford: Oxford University Press.",http://www.wzb.eu/en/research/civil-society-conflicts-and-democracy/democracy/projects/the-manifesto-project
139,bpf,British Political Facts,"Butler, David, and Gareth Butler. 2010. British political facts. 10th ed. Palgrave Macmillan.",
88,bef-7,British Electoral Facts 2006,"Thrasher, Michael, and Colin Rallings. 2009. British electoral facts. Total Politics.",
41,craig,British Electoral Facts 1989,"Craig, Fred. 1989. British electoral facts, 1832-1987. Aldershot: Gower.",
156,boe,Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE),Boletín Oficial del Estado (Official Bulletin of the State),http://www.boe.es/
252,boix-2013,Boix ea. (2013),"Boix, Carles, Michael Miller, and Sebastian Rosato. 2013. “A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007.” Comparative Political Studies 46(12):1523–54.",https://sites.google.com/site/mkmtwo/data
82,bb,Bloomberg,Bloomberg,http://www.bloomberg.com
36,bec,Biroul Electoral Central ,Biroul Electoral Central  (Central Election Bureau Romania),http://www.bec2009pe.ro/
245,be-70,Beyme (1970),"Beyme, Klaus von. 1970. Die parlamentarischen Regierungssysteme in Europa. München: R. Piper & Co. Verlag.
",
284,bbe-21,Bergman ea. 2021,"Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back, and Johan Hellström, eds. 2021. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.",
280,berg-19,Bergman ea. (2019),"Bergman, Torbjörn, Gabriella Ilonszki, and Wolfgang C. Müller, eds. 2019. Coalition Governance in Central Eastern Europe. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
",
259,berg-93,Bergman (1993),"Bergman, Torbjörn. 1993. ""Constitutional Design and Government Formation: The Expected Consequences of Negative Parliamentarism."" Scandinavian Political Studies 16(4): 285-304.  ",
1,benoit,Benoit and Laver (2006),"Benoit, Kenneth, and Michael Laver. 2006. Party policy in modern democracies. Routledge.",http://www.politics.tcd.ie/ppmd/
285,belga,Belga,Agence Belga,
143,barber,Barber ea. (2008),"Barber, Stephen, Christopher Lawley, Scott Bennett, and Gerard Newman. 2008. Federal election results 1901–2007. Parliament of Australia – Parliamentary Library.",http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp17.pdf
187,bta,BTA,Bulgarian News Agency (BTA),http://www.bta.bg/en/
240,bns,BNS,Baltic News Sevice,http://www.bns.ee/en/
276,bbcm,BBCM,BBC Monitoring,https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/
60,bbc,BBC News,BBC News Online,http://news.bbc.co.uk/
197,aufo,Austria-Forum,Austria Forum - Das österreichische Wissensnetz,http://austria-lexikon.at/af/Austria-Forum
231,ape-db,Australian Politics and Elections Database,Australian Politics and Elections Database,http://elections.uwa.edu.au/
94,aph,Australian Parliamentary Handbook,Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia,http://www.aph.gov.au/library/handbook/
227,asn,Assemblée Nationale,Assemblée Nationale (French National Assembly),http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/elections/histoire.asp
19,archivio,Archivio Storico delle Elezioni ,Archivio Storico delle Elezioni (Historical Election Archive) – Ministero dell'Interno (Interior ministry),http://elezionistorico.interno.it/
175,asl,Annuaire statistique,Annuaire statistique du Luxembourg (Statistical Yearbook of Luxembourg),
174,alth,Alþýðublaðið,Alþýðublaðið (The People's Paper),http://timarit.is/
166,ager,Agerpres,Agenția Română de Presă (Romanian Press Agency),http://www.agerpres.ro/
186,ageu,Agence Europe,Agence Europe,http://www.agenceurope.com/EN/index.html
192,apa,APA,APA – Austria Presse Agentur (Austria Press Agency),http://www.historisch.apa.at/cms/apa-historisch/start.html
77,ap,AP,Associated Press,
204,ansa,ANSA,ANSA (Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata),http://www.ansa.it/
118,ana,ANA,Athens News Agency (ANA),https://www.amna.gr/en
69,afp,AFP,Agence France-Presse,
81,aec,AEC,Australian Electoral Commission,http://www.aec.gov.au/
104,aap,AAP,Australian Associated Press,